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Seasoning and Flavoring
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Seasoning foods
• Seasonings:– Ingredients you add to a food to improve its
flavor.– Added small amounts– cannot taste individual seasoning
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Seasonings
• Enhancing Natural Taste– Intensifies natural taste– Example: pasta cooked in salted water.
• Balancing Tastes– Overcome very strong tastes
• Sour, sweet, bitter• Bitter vegetables are less bitter when salt is added.• Sour foods are less sour if you add sugar.
• Cutting Richness– Very rich and fatty foods will be less so if salt is added
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Review
• Why do chefs season food?
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Types of Seasoning
• 4 basic types of seasoning– Salt– Pepper– Sugar– Acids
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Salt
• Sodium Chloride– Used in all cuisines, in all countries– Added to foods during cooking or at table– Enhances flavor of food
• High-Sodium Foods– Added to a dish adds salt
• Example: soy sauce, bacon
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Where does Salt Come From?
• Found underground– Mined
• Found in the ocean
• Water contains the salt. When it evaporates, the salt is left behind.
• Salt lasts indefinitely– As long it does not get moist (humidity)
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Types of Salt
• Table Salt– Refined to remove other minerals– Processed to give it a fine, even grain.
• Iodized salt– Added to salt after WWI– Prevents iodine deficiency– Prevents goiters
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Types of Salt
• Sea Salt– Made by evaporating sea water
• Not refined• Contains other minerals and elements
– May have a slight color– Various sizes
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Types of Salt
• Kosher Salt– Salt without any additives– Flakier than table salt
• Use twice the amount of kosher salt as you would table salt in a recipe.
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Types of Salt
• Rock Salt– Less refined than table salt– Not used for consumption
– Used in making ice cream, or a bed for oysters
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Types of Salt
• Monosodium Glutamate– MSG
• Not a salt• Used in the same way as a salt
– Provides umami taste– Made from seaweed
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Pepper
• Together with salt, the most widely used seasonings in the world.
• Actually a spice– Used as both a spice and a flavoring– Black and White pepper are seasonings
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Types of Pepper
• Black Pepper:– Dried, unripe berries of pepper vine– Whole berries, cracked or ground– Grinding is preferable
• Fresher, more aromatic
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Types of Pepper
• White Pepper– Pepper berries are allowed to dry– Husks removed– Used in light colored sauces– Whole, cracked, or ground– Grinding is preferable
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Sugar and Light-Flavored Sweeteners
• Used to enhance flavor of many dishes• As a seasoning:
– Only add a small amount– Brown sugar has a flavor and is not a
seasoning• Liquid Sweetener
– Light corn syrup– Light honey– Light maple syrup
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Acids
• Lemon, orange juice, vinegar, wine• Sour, tart flavor• Also improves appearance/texture of
foods– Lemon juice keeps fruit from turning brown
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Review:
• Name the four types of seasonings.
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Flavoring Foods
• Seasoning enhances foods flavor• Flavoring changes the flavor of food