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Global EffortsGlobal EffortsAddress Climate Address Climate
ChangeChangeGraciela ChichilniskyGraciela ChichilniskyColumbia University & Global Columbia University & Global
ThermostatThermostat
SCIFEST Saint Louis Science CenterSCIFEST Saint Louis Science CenterOctober 18-23 2011October 18-23 2011
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Humans dominate the Humans dominate the planetplanet
We change the atmosphere, We change the atmosphere, bodies of water and the complex bodies of water and the complex web of species that makes life on web of species that makes life on EarthEarth
In thousands of years geologists In thousands of years geologists will read the change in rock will read the change in rock formationsformations
THE ANTHROPOCENETHE ANTHROPOCENE
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Global Warming Signals Global Warming Signals Melting glaciers - Melting glaciers -
AntarticaAntartica
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Melting ice sheets Melting ice sheets AntarticaAntartica
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Melting ice AntarticaMelting ice Antartica
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Patagonia - Melting Patagonia - Melting glaciersglaciers
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Global Warming SignalsGlobal Warming Signals
Outbreak of Malaria in AfricaOutbreak of Malaria in Africa
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Global Warming SignalsGlobal Warming Signals
China’s industrial growthChina’s industrial growth
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Global Warming SignalsGlobal Warming Signals
Desertification of 25% of Desertification of 25% of ChinaChina land massland mass
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Global Warming SignalsGlobal Warming Signals
Australia’s longest draught on Australia’s longest draught on record now floodsrecord now floods
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Global Warming SignalsGlobal Warming Signals
Solar farm in Solar farm in SpainSpain
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Water WarningWater Warning
Colorado River USA dries up - 2007Colorado River USA dries up - 2007
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Fires from drought – Fires from drought – 2006 to 20102006 to 2010
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EndangeredEndangered
PrimatesPrimates
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EndangeredEndangered
Sea mammalsSea mammals
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EndangeredEndangered
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DisappearingDisappearing
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DisappearingDisappearing
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Global Energy is the Global Energy is the causecause
89% global energy is fossil – gas coal, oil89% global energy is fossil – gas coal, oil 10% nuclear, geothermal and hydroelectric10% nuclear, geothermal and hydroelectric Less than 1% is solar power Less than 1% is solar power Electrical Power Plants emit 45% of global Electrical Power Plants emit 45% of global
carbon carbon A $55 trillion global infrastructure (IEA)A $55 trillion global infrastructure (IEA)
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A North - South A North - South IssueIssue
Industrial NationsIndustrial Nationsuse 70% of the world’s Energyuse 70% of the world’s Energy60% of global Carbon 60% of global Carbon EmissionsEmissionsOnly 20% of global populationOnly 20% of global population
Developing Nations Developing Nations suffer most risks suffer most risks 80% of the world’s population80% of the world’s population
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FutureFutureGlobal NeedsGlobal Needs
The world needs more The world needs more energyenergy
Africa & Latin AmericaAfrica & Latin America
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Global Efforts Global Efforts Address Climate Address Climate ChangeChange
The G- 20 calls forThe G- 20 calls for
Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development
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How to Solve the Energy How to Solve the Energy ProblemProblem
Where are we Where are we now?now?
What to do next?What to do next?
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Saving KyotoSaving Kyoto 1997: United Nations Kyoto Protocol1997: United Nations Kyoto Protocol Introducing its UN Introducing its UN Carbon Market Carbon Market - I helped - I helped
create a $200 B/year market that changes create a $200 B/year market that changes global economy –reduced 37% EU emissionsglobal economy –reduced 37% EU emissions
KP provided $50 Bn – for Clean Development KP provided $50 Bn – for Clean Development Mechanism projects in developing nationsMechanism projects in developing nations
Kyoto’s Terms Expire in 2012 Kyoto’s Terms Expire in 2012
Next steps are Next steps are neededneeded
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Global Efforts: The Global Efforts: The SolutionSolution
Negative Carbon Technologies – power Negative Carbon Technologies – power plants that remove carbon from the plants that remove carbon from the atmosphereatmosphere
Funded the Kyoto Protocol – trading $200 Funded the Kyoto Protocol – trading $200 BN/year today – power Africa and LABN/year today – power Africa and LA
At zero cost to the Global EconomyAt zero cost to the Global Economy Transferring wealth from dirty to clean Transferring wealth from dirty to clean
energyenergy
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Solution: a Solution: a Blueprint for Blueprint for Sustainable Sustainable
DevelopmentDevelopment Clean & Abundant Energy from Clean & Abundant Energy from Negative Carbon Negative Carbon Power Power plants plants
Transforming Fossil Plants and Solar Energy Transforming Fossil Plants and Solar Energy Plants so they can Plants so they can reducereduce atmospheric carbon atmospheric carbon concentrationconcentration
$200 B/year Global Investment Fund to build $200 B/year Global Investment Fund to build Carbon Negative Plants & renew $55 trillion Carbon Negative Plants & renew $55 trillion power plant industry worldwide (IEA) - Stimulates power plant industry worldwide (IEA) - Stimulates Global EconomyGlobal Economy
Private Capital underwritten by UN Kyoto Private Capital underwritten by UN Kyoto Protocol Protocol
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The SolutionThe Solution Cogenerate electricity with carbon Cogenerate electricity with carbon
capturecapture Create $200 Bn/year Fund to build Create $200 Bn/year Fund to build
carbon negative power plants carbon negative power plants In Africa and Latin America – In Africa and Latin America –
encourage growthencourage growth Self funded plan – money from UN Self funded plan – money from UN
KP Carbon Market that already KP Carbon Market that already trades $200 Bn/yeaartrades $200 Bn/yeaar
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Is this all Is this all POSSIBLE?POSSIBLE?
YESYESBut a race against timeBut a race against time
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One ExampleOne ExampleHow to reduce CO2 How to reduce CO2 from the atmosphere from the atmosphere while making profitswhile making profits
Why I am doing itWhy I am doing it
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Global Thermostat
Captures CO2 from Air
Transforms CO2 from a Global Threat
Into A Massive Profit Opportunity
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Global Thermostat Pilot Plant, SRI International - Menlo Park California
February 2011
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Why a Carbon Negative Why a Carbon Negative SolutionSolution
Global Thermostat Company ConfidentialPage 32
Carbon Neutral is not enough• Neutralizing emissions does not prevent
further increases in atmospheric CO2 • Even the most aggressive efficiency
improvements and renewables adoption are unlikely to keep CO2 concentration at the generally agreed 450ppm to avoid catastrophic climate risk
Negative Carbon is the solution1• Air capture enables direct and rapid
reduction of CO2 concentration• GT allows for the capture of even more
CO2 than we are loading into the atmosphere or that the earth’s systems can absorb – Negative Carbon GT’s technology directly
reduces carbon concentration in the air, making carbon negative
possible
1 United Nations Headquarters, New York, November 12, 2009. Presentation by G. Chichilnisky on"The Rising Tide at Copenhagen: A Win-Win Solution for Industrialized and Developing Nations"
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GT’s Air Capture GT’s Air Capture TechnologyTechnology
GT’s Air Capture GT’s Air Capture TechnologyTechnology
Three-Step Process Produces Concentrated CO 2 Stream
Step 1Air Input
Transport and
Injection
Compression
Other Applicatio
ns
Key to GT’s technology is cogeneration
using low temperature
process heat to capture CO 2
Subsequent steps are shared by all CO 2 capture methods though pipelining costs can
be reduced by co-locating where CO 2 is stored or used
Step 2CO 2
Capture
Step 3CO 2
Regeneration
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Absorbing CO2
Pipes to oil well or algae
UP
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Releasing CO2
Pipes to oil well or algae ponds
DOWN
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GT Pilot at SRI - October GT Pilot at SRI - October 1, 20101, 2010
Global Thermostat Company ConfidentialPage 36
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Global Thermostat Page 37
3 Key Markets for Captured CO2
1. Sell CO2 to industrial gas markets (Linde, Air Liquide): $5 Bn/year2. Sell CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Texas, Wyoming, California,
Calgary, China (Sinopac Oil Field, Occidental Petroleum): $25 Bn/year3. Create renewable synthetic fuels with CO2: $3 Trillion global gas mkt
1. Industrial MarketsBeverage, Agriculture,
Materials
3. Renewable FuelsCO2 + H2 =
2. EOROil and Gas
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Global Thermostat Company ConfidentialPage 38
GT Solution Unlocks These Markets• 80MM tons CO2 sold in US today & growing fast• DOE projects 1 billion tons of CO2 per year needed for EOR• Regular market price for CO2 $35 – 200 per ton• GT can supply these growing global markets very profitably …
Cost Breakthrough•Powered by low-cost, widely-available process heat •Eliminates transportation costs
Modular Design•Plants Small or Large•Locates anywhere with 100 C heat source
Flexible Integration•Into Legacy or New Industrial Facilities
Carbon Negative Solution•Captures more CO2 from fossil fuel power plants than is emitted by them
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Leadership Team
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 39
Graciela Chichilnisky Managing Director
• Leading economist, experienced entrepreneur, inventor, & executive • Founder CEO of FITEL & Cross Border Exchange, financial technology companies• Author carbon market of Kyoto Protocol (EU ETS), and of formal theory of
Sustainable Development• PhDs (2) in Mathematics and in Economics, MIT and UC Berkeley• Tenured Professor Columbia University, previously Harvard and Stanford
Peter EisenbergerManaging Director
• Leading physicist, R&D energy executive – 20 year career as head of R&D at Bell Labs and Director EXXON Global R&D, Vice Provost Columbia university
• Expertise in innovation around CO2 – renewable gasoline, chemicals, materials• Founding Director Princeton University Materials Institute• Founding Director Columbia University Earth Institute
Edgar Bronfman, Jr.Chairman
• Chairman/CEO of Warner Music Group• Recently successfully sold Warner for $3.3 billion• Chief architect of Vivendi Universal entertainment division; acquired Polygram• Former President and CEO of the Seagram Company
Key Advisors• Ed Hotard, former COO Praxair• Eric (Ric) Redman, President, Summit Power • Ron Chance, Emeritus Science Advisor, Exxon• Rocco Fiato, Accelergy - Richard Kauffman, CEO Good Energies
• Nicholas Eisenberger, Pure Energy Partners• Ben Bronfman, Green Owl• Chris Jones, Georgia Tech• Roger Cohen, Ex- Exxon
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GT Technology Partners
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 40
Coatings and Sorbents
Project Development & Management
Engineering DesignSorbent Development
Monoliths Pilot development & testing
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Page 41
Negative Carbon is needed NOW
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Global Thermostat Page 42
Blueprint for TransformationGreen Power Fund
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Global EffortsGlobal Efforts Clean Energy focus: New Clean Economy Clean Energy focus: New Clean Economy With Carbon Negative Power Plants, Africa With Carbon Negative Power Plants, Africa
and LA can clean the world’s atmosphereand LA can clean the world’s atmosphere Provide global leadershipProvide global leadership Avert Poverty and Sustainable Avert Poverty and Sustainable
Development for a safer Atmosphere Development for a safer Atmosphere
Transforming capitalism through new types Transforming capitalism through new types of Markets for Global Commonsof Markets for Global Commons
The last come firstThe last come first