Download - Scientific questions
WG3: High precipitation events, floods and flash-floods
Hydrological observation and modelling strategy
Scientific questions
• WG3-SQ1: What are the characteristics of extreme hydro-meteorological events in the Mediterranean ?
• WG3-SQ2: How can we improve heavy rainfall process knowledge and prediction ?
• WG3-SQ3: How can we improve flash-flood process knowledge and prediction?
• (WG5-SQ?: How can we mitigate the flash-flood and flood societal impact?)
• WG3-SQ4: How extreme hydrometeorological events will evolve under future climate conditions during the XXIst century?
(Very brief) summary of the ISP
• Predictability of HPE still rather poor in terms of intensity and localization
• Hydrological impact depends on geomorphology (relief, geology, soils…), land-use (urbanization, infrastructures) and initial conditions (soil humidity state)
• Vulnerability: high in cities but also dispersed habitat, road users, green tourism adepts
Spatially-detailed rainfall and flood prediction with relevant lead times (< 1-6 hours typically) at the Mediterranean scale.
Coupling with meteorology and human sciences
1. Make best use of existing operational observation systems
2. Develop a set of « super-sites » (research watersheds of some 10-km²) dedicated to hydrological process studies
3. Develop a set of « pilot-sites » (research watersheds of some 1000-km²) dedicated to distributed observation and modelling studies at the regional scale
4. Perform post-event surveys after major events occurring in the
Mediterranean
Long-term Hydrometeorological Observatories
Long-term Hydrometeorological Observatories:1. Make best use of existing operational observation systems
Oppoul
Sembadel
Montclar
Bollène
Nîmes
Radar and raingauge networks Main watersheds and stream gauges
Ardèche
Gardon
Hérault
Aude
Orb
Cèze
Agly
Têt
Vidourle
e.g., the Cévennes-Vivarais Mediterranean Hydrometeorological Observatory (OHMCV)
Long-term Hydrometeorological Observatories:2. Develop a set of « super-sites »
Research watersheds of some 10-km² dedicated to process studies
e.g. in France
CVMHO Valescure CVMHO Lez-Coulazou ORE Draix-BléoneGranite and schists Karsts Marls (Alps)
Hillslopes, water pathes, riparian zoneSurface and sub-surface flows and storagesRiver monitoring (hydrometry, sediment transport)Evapotranspiration…
Long-term Hydrometeorological Observatories3. Develop a set of « pilot-sites »
Research watersheds of some 1000-km² dedicated to distributed observation and modelling studies at the regional scale
Nested watersheds including super-sitesSoil and landscape descriptionRainfall QPE (operational + research radars+ disdrometer and raingauge networks)Soil moisture monitoringRiver monitoring (distributed hydrometry, sediment transport and flood plains)Vulnerability monitoring
Valescure (5 km²)Gardon de Saint Jean (200 km²)
Gardon (2000 km²)
Long-term Hydrometeorological Observatories4. Post-event surveys after major events occurring in the Mediterranean
e.g., 18 September 2007 in Zelezniki, Selska Sora river, Slovenia, HYDRATE project
Collation of :Rainfall data (raingauges and radar)Maximum discharge estimates from water marksWitness accounts (flood dynamics, sociologic parameters…)
Process understanding through hydrologic and hydraulic modelling
Distributed hydrological models
LISFLOOD, Joint Research Center Ispra Italy
AFFDEF, University of Bologna Italy
Coupled MesoNH/SURFEX/Topmodel CNRM Toulouse France
n-Topmodels, EDYTEM Chambéry and LTHE Grenoble, France
ATHYS (HSM Montpellier) and LIQUID (Cemagref Lyon, LTHE Grenoble, Hydrowide): hydrological modelling platforms
1D-hydraulic models
Posted contributions
Cévennes = target region #1 with several projects of OHMCV
1. Knowledge and Predictability of Heavy Precipitation Events (HPE) in Southeastern France (part of)
2. Shallow orographic convection contribution to the water resources in Mediterranean: proposition of an observation system within the framework of HyMEx
3. Impact of rainfall variability and soil moisture redistribution on the continental hydrological cycle and the genesis of flash floods in the Cévennes region (in relation with WG2).
4. Karst hydrosystems: water resources and flood dynamics (in relation with WG2)5. Observations for vulnerability and social adaptation (WG5)6. Multi-disciplinary post-event surveys (in cooperation with WG5)
Another project in French Southern Alps:1. Erosion and sedimentary transport from sources down to piedmont (in relation with
WG2 and SICMED)
Target regions?
Catalonia
Cévennes + LR
CA + Liguria
Ticino Friuli Veneto Croatia
Crete
North Africa?
Israël?
To be done here:
Define target regions (in relation with other WGs) Define long-term HOs, pilot-sites and super-sites Coordination of the HOs Contribution to the definition of TTOs, TTMs and TSs for
continental surfaces monitoring
– Coastal regions: Catalonia, Languedoc-Roussillon, Côte d’Azur, Liguria– 3 major cities (Barcelona, Marseille Genova)– Medium and high-elevation mountains: Pyrénées, Cévennes, southern
Alps, Ticino, Friuli
HyMeX WG3 observation strategy based on long-term hydrometeorological observatories
Main target regions in the NW Mediterranean
Catalonia
Cévennes
Languedoc-Roussillon
French S. Alps
Liguria
Ticino Friuli
Croatia
Task teams for observation (TTO)
TTO2 Monitoring continental surfaces
…TTO2-x The OHM-CV observatory
(deep and shallow convection, multi-scale water budget; distributed flash flood prediction; karsts and floods;
social adaptation)TTO2-x The Draix-Bléone observatory (erosion and sediment
transport)…TTO2-x The Catalan Observatory (…)TTO2-x The Ligurian Observatory (…)TTO2-x The Friuli Observatory (…)…TTO2-x Post-event surveys after extreme events occurring in the
Mediterranean
TTO3 Measuring surface fluxes over land ?TTO6 Measuring land-sea fluxes ?TTO7 Monitoring vulnerability factors ?
Task team for modelling (TTM)
…TTMx Multiscale modelling of the continental surfaces…
TASK SUPPORTS
TS1 – Data Base TS1-a Geographical information systems; landscape descriptorsTS1-b Hydrometeorological data from operational services…TS2 – Coordination of hydrometeorological observatories …TS4 – Satellite products…
TASK SUPPORTS
TS1 – Data Base TS1-a Geographical information systems; landscape descriptorsTS1-b Hydrometeorological data from operational services…TS2 – Coordination of hydrometeorological observatories …TS4 – Satellite products…
MEDYCYSS: karsts – water ressources and floods
Lez catchment: fresh-water resource for the city of Montpellier
Coulazou watershed: a « toy model » for studying the influence of the river-karst interactions on the propagation and intensity of surface floods
R1 R3 R4
R2
G1
G2
GW+
UR-
UR+
GW-
Runoff Runof
f
Runoff
Ardèche
Gardon
Hérault
Aude
Orb
Cèze
Draix-Bléone: erosion and sediment transport
Draix-Bléone
Nested watersheds:Ore Draix : 0.0013 à 1.08 km²Galabre : 20 km²; Bouinenc : 22 km²Duyes : 124 km²; Bès : 165 km²Bléone (Malijai) : 897 km²
Instrumentation:Raingauge networkDisdrometerStream gauges with suspended load samplersand sediment trapsRFID transponders for bedload trackingHydrophone for bedload transportLIDAR geomorphological surveys with drones
On-site studiesContribution/expertise for other sites and during post-event surveys
TASK TEAMS FOR OBSERVATION (TTO)
TTO1 Sounding the atmosphere
TTO1-a Radiosounding (LOP/EOP/SOP)TTO1-b Balloons (SOP)TTO1-c UHF/VHF profilers (LOP/EOP)TTO1-d GPS (LOP/EOP/SOP)TTO1-e Lidars (EOP/SOP)TTO1-f Radars (LOP/EOP/SOP)TTO1-h Microphysics (LOP/EOP/SOP)TTO1-i Aérosols (SOP)TTO1-j Lightning (LOP/EOP/SOP)
TASK TEAMS FOR OBSERVATION (TTO)
TTO2 Monitoring continental surfaces…observatories to be sorted by thematics in a second step?...TTO2-x The OHM-CV observatory
(deep and shallow convection, multi-scale water budget and distributed flash flood prediction; social adaptation)
TTO2-x The Draix-Bléone observatory (erosion and sediment transport)
TTO2-x The MEDYCYSS observatory (karsts, water resources and floods)
…TTO2-x The Catalan Observatory (…)TTO2-x The Ligurian Observatory (…)TTO2-x The Friuli Observatory (…)…TTO2-x Post-event surveys after extreme events occurring in the
Mediterranean
TTO3 Measuring surface fluxes over land ?TTO6 Measuring land-sea fluxes ?TTO7 Monitoring vulnerability factors ?
TASK TEAMS FOR MODELLING (TTM)
…TTMx Multiscale modelling of the continental surfaces…
TASK SUPPORTS
TS1 – Data Base TS1-a Geographical information systems; landscape descriptorsTS1-b Hydrometeorological data from operational services…TS2 – Coordination of (in-land) hydrometeorological
observatories …TS4 – Satellite products…
Structure d’un « Task Team » d’AMMA(pas de distinction TTO, TTM ; la logistique est
incluse)
1) Scientific justification and objectives2) Observation strategy (overall strategy;
experimental sites; modelling platforms; satellite products; list of instruments and relevant maps)
3) Deployment (planning ; logistical considerations)4) Partnership (field observation ; training program)5) Organisation of the TT (lists of leaders - core
group - members; internal coordination; how to handle new requests e.g. about additional instrument; reporting)
6) Coordination with other TTs
Film Sébastien Klotz
OHM-CV : équipes OHM-CV, MF, SPCGDConvection profonde et peu profonde ; (extension LR, SPCMO à agréger)Processus et bilans hydrologiques ;prévision distribuée des crues, adaptation sociale
Draix-Bléone : Cemagref, LTHE, …SPCGD, EDFérosion et transport sédimentaire
MEDYCYSS : MEDYCYSS, …BRGMKarst : ressources en eau, crues
… autres ? Marseille, NOVIMET+Cemagref Var, EDF/LTHE sur Durance)
Les observatoires en France
inter WG(2, 3 et 5)
MEDYCYSS
Marseille
OHM-CV Draix-Bléone
OHM-CV: deep and shallow convection studies
Radars mobiles bande XRéseaux de disdromètresRéseaux GPSRadiosondages renforcés