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Scientific MethodScientific Method
Science philosophy involves itself in the Science philosophy involves itself in the methodology of science.methodology of science.
Empirical knowledgeEmpirical knowledge – by observation – by observation
- The Enlightenment (16-17- The Enlightenment (16-17thth C.) C.)
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Science can’t observe everythingScience can’t observe everything
There is no causal relationship between an There is no causal relationship between an event and timeevent and time
HumeHume
Thus science can’t ‘prove’ anythingThus science can’t ‘prove’ anything - - All swans are whiteAll swans are white
- Water always boils at 100 degrees- Water always boils at 100 degrees
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Science can’t prove anythingScience can’t prove anything
Science can only ‘disprove’ things.Science can only ‘disprove’ things.
--FalsificationFalsification
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Science Theory vs Science RealityScience Theory vs Science Reality
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Scientific revolutionsScientific revolutions
Thomas Kunh (1922-1996)Thomas Kunh (1922-1996)
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When there’s a conflict between When there’s a conflict between observation & hypothesis - what do observation & hypothesis - what do
you do?you do?
1.1. Reject the hypothesisReject the hypothesis
2.2. Reject the observationReject the observation
3.3. Accept both and make an auxiliary Accept both and make an auxiliary hypothesishypothesis
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Rationalist vs EmpiricistRationalist vs Empiricist
RationalistsRationalists think reason is the main source think reason is the main source of knowledge – thus they will support a of knowledge – thus they will support a beautiful theorybeautiful theory
EmpiricistsEmpiricists thinks experience is the main thinks experience is the main source of knowledge – thus they will source of knowledge – thus they will usually follow the datausually follow the data
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In reality scientists are a bit of bothIn reality scientists are a bit of both
But unfortunately, this means that even falsification cannot 100%
prove anything
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Science vs ReligionScience vs Religion
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Relativist attacks on scienceRelativist attacks on science
Science can’t prove anything - so it’s all just Science can’t prove anything - so it’s all just theory - so you can’t really know 100% for theory - so you can’t really know 100% for sure about anything, such as carbon sure about anything, such as carbon dating, or evolution, or continental drift, or dating, or evolution, or continental drift, or anything - so you can’t really be sure that anything - so you can’t really be sure that God didn’t create the Earth 5000 years God didn’t create the Earth 5000 years ago.ago.
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Scientific attacks on religionScientific attacks on religion
If there is a god, then prove it!If there is a god, then prove it!
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Dawkins vs GodDawkins vs God
Science and Religion stomping all over each Science and Religion stomping all over each others’ turfothers’ turf
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Histories naughty siblingsHistories naughty siblings
Religion mis-uses relativism to claim all Religion mis-uses relativism to claim all ways of knowing are equalways of knowing are equal
Science mis-uses it’s dominant position to Science mis-uses it’s dominant position to undermine other forms of knowingundermine other forms of knowing