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Page 1: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRYSCIENTIFIC INQUIRY

Cornell NotesCornell Notes

Page 2: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:

1. How do scientists observe 1. How do scientists observe the world around them?the world around them?

2. How do scientists use the 2. How do scientists use the observations to “make science?”observations to “make science?”

3. How do scientists share their 3. How do scientists share their ideas with others?ideas with others?

Page 3: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

vocabularyvocabulary

Control/constantControl/constant DataData Dependant/Dependant/

responding variableresponding variable HypothesisHypothesis Independent/Independent/

manipulated variablemanipulated variable InferInfer InterpretationInterpretation

LawLaw ModelModel Qualitative Qualitative

observationobservation Quantitative Quantitative

observationobservation Scientific methodScientific method Theory Theory VariableVariable

Page 4: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Qualitative – descriptions (Mary has red Qualitative – descriptions (Mary has red hair.)hair.)

Quantitative – numbers (Mary was walking Quantitative – numbers (Mary was walking two dogs today.)two dogs today.)

When doing observations we ask:When doing observations we ask: ““Who” is thatWho” is that ““What” is thatWhat” is that ““When” is that happeningWhen” is that happening ““Where” is that taking placeWhere” is that taking place

Page 5: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

ObservationObservation: the fact, the cat is lying on the : the fact, the cat is lying on the groundground

InferenceInference – logical conclusion based on – logical conclusion based on reasoningreasoning The cat is dead.The cat is dead. The cat is asleep.The cat is asleep. Why is the cat asleep? The cat is asleep because he Why is the cat asleep? The cat is asleep because he

is tired.is tired. InterpretationInterpretation – observation plus our personal – observation plus our personal

value systemvalue system The cat is so cute!The cat is so cute!

Page 6: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

You will observe the following picture for a You will observe the following picture for a few seconds.few seconds.

Look at everything you think might be Look at everything you think might be important.important.

Page 7: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around
Page 8: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Scientific MethodScientific Method

Scientists use their observations to come Scientists use their observations to come up with questions and use the answers to up with questions and use the answers to solve problems. Scientists develop and solve problems. Scientists develop and TEST ideas using a systematic, step by TEST ideas using a systematic, step by step approach called the scientific method. step approach called the scientific method. The exact steps vary, but always include The exact steps vary, but always include the following ideas.the following ideas.

Page 9: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

II. Steps of the Scientific MethodII. Steps of the Scientific Method

Posing questions, developing hypotheses, Posing questions, developing hypotheses, designing an experiment, collecting and designing an experiment, collecting and analyze data, drawing conclusions, and analyze data, drawing conclusions, and communicating with other scientists.communicating with other scientists.

In other words, it’s a way to solve a In other words, it’s a way to solve a problem.problem.

Page 10: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Step 1: Posing QuestionsStep 1: Posing Questions

Define the focus of the researchDefine the focus of the researchObserve the world around you using all Observe the world around you using all

senses to gather information.senses to gather information.Read books or other scientists’ researchRead books or other scientists’ researchMake sure your question is scientificMake sure your question is scientific

Can be answered with evidenceCan be answered with evidenceNOT answered with an opinionNOT answered with an opinion

Page 11: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Step 2: Develop a hypothesisStep 2: Develop a hypothesis

A hypothesis is a testable, educated guess A hypothesis is a testable, educated guess to answer your question or is a possible to answer your question or is a possible solution to the problem based on your solution to the problem based on your research or observationsresearch or observationsYour prediction, use “I think…”Your prediction, use “I think…”Must be TESTABLE!!Must be TESTABLE!!

Page 12: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Step 3: Design an ExperimentStep 3: Design an Experiment

Parts of an experiment:Parts of an experiment:Parameter: something that can be measuredParameter: something that can be measuredThe parameter being tested is the The parameter being tested is the

manipulated variable or independent manipulated variable or independent variable. variable. This is what you are manipulating or This is what you are manipulating or changing on purposechanging on purpose

The parameter that you are measuring is The parameter that you are measuring is called the called the responding variable or responding variable or dependent variabledependent variable. It changes in response . It changes in response to or because of the manipulated variableto or because of the manipulated variable

Page 13: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Step 3: Design an Experiment Step 3: Design an Experiment (cont)(cont)

The parameters that don’t change are called the The parameters that don’t change are called the controlscontrols or or constantsconstants. Your control group is . Your control group is used for comparison. used for comparison.

The controls DO NOT change so you can be The controls DO NOT change so you can be more sure that your manipulated variable more sure that your manipulated variable CAUSED your responding variable to change,CAUSED your responding variable to change,

A A controlled experimentcontrolled experiment is an investigation is an investigation where only ONE parameter is manipulated at a where only ONE parameter is manipulated at a time.time.

Page 14: SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cornell Notes. Essential Questions: 1. How do scientists observe the world around them? 1. How do scientists observe the world around

Step 4: Collecting and Analyze DataStep 4: Collecting and Analyze Data

DataData are the facts figures and other evidence are the facts figures and other evidence gathered through observationsgathered through observations

As you collect the data you got from your As you collect the data you got from your experiment, write it down.experiment, write it down.

Organize your data into a chart, table, or graphOrganize your data into a chart, table, or graph Use pictures or photos to explain your resultsUse pictures or photos to explain your results Analyze your data by writing a summary of what Analyze your data by writing a summary of what

happened in your experiment.happened in your experiment.

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Step 5: Draw ConclusionsStep 5: Draw Conclusions

Do the results of your experiment support Do the results of your experiment support your hypothesis or not? your hypothesis or not?

A conclusion states whether or not the A conclusion states whether or not the data supports the hypothesis.data supports the hypothesis.

Do you need to revise your hypothesis and Do you need to revise your hypothesis and retest?retest?

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Step 6: Communicate your results Step 6: Communicate your results to othersto others

Share what you found out from your Share what you found out from your experimentexperiment

Scientists make presentations and write Scientists make presentations and write papers so others can repeat their papers so others can repeat their experimentsexperiments

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Step 6: Communicate your results Step 6: Communicate your results to others to others (cont.)(cont.)

Scientists use Scientists use models, theories and lawsmodels, theories and laws to explain to people how the natural world to explain to people how the natural world works.works.

ModelModel: a picture, diagram or other : a picture, diagram or other representation when the real thing is not representation when the real thing is not easy to seeeasy to see

Theory:Theory: a conclusion backed up by many a conclusion backed up by many scientists with the same resultsscientists with the same results

Law:Law: a theory that has been proven over a theory that has been proven over and over again. A “rule” of nature.and over again. A “rule” of nature.


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