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SCIENCE AS A CULTURE, AND AN INTRODUCTION TO NEW
PUR EXPERIMENTS IN JAPAN
Hidehiko [email protected]
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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The level of public understandingof science(%)
5848
5253535456
59596061616263
676768
73
0 20 40 60 80
EU- average
Portugal
Greek
Ireland
Spain
J apan
Bergium
Luxemburg
Germany
Austria
Italy
France
England
USA
Denmark
Finland
Netherlands
Sweden
On the lowest levels
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Nation World Ranking
Percentage of Liking science
Indonesia 32 96 %
Malaysia 22 96
Singapore 2 86
England 9 83
Hong Kong 15 76
USA 18 73
Canada 13 70
Taiwan 1 69
Japan 4 55
Korea 5 52
The ratio of students who like science is the second worst in 38 nations,
in spite of the fact they score highly on science exams.
IEA ,1999(38nations)
Japanese Students dislike science
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太陽と地球の関係の理解
地球は太陽のまわりを回って
いる56%
太陽は地球のまわりを回って
いる42%
No Answer2%
調査C,D,E,F合計 348名
The earth rotates aroundthe sun
The sun rotates around the earth
Earth revolution is not treated completely in elementary school in Japan
60% of Elementary school students know the earth rotates around the sun
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Why are astronomical education and popularization important?
Example 「 SSC vs HST 」SSC (a Large Hadron Collider )
1991 start but 1993 stop
HST (Hubble Space Telescope)
1990 launch and 1993 repair
Astronomy replies to the curiosity of students and public.
We will use astronomy as a scientific entrance.
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Consideration about Culture
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Science is the same
Public culture is different
Goals and approaches of education & popularization are somewhat different in the different countries.
In The Public Understanding of Reseach (PUR) ,
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The PUR CultureEurope – “ Dialogue”
Dealing with technological risk and “science/society” more generally calls for the development of new forms of dialogue between researchers, experts, political decision-makers, industrialists and members of the public. - Science, Society and the Citizen EU Commission Working Document (EU) 2000
A meaningful response to the need for more and better dialogue between the public and science in the United Kingdom requires us to go beyond event-based initiatives like consensus conferences or citizens' juries. The United Kingdom must change existing institutional terms of reference and procedures to open them up to more substantial influence and effective inputs from diverse groups. - Science and Society - House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology Third Report: (UK) 2000
US - “ Understanding”The Informal Science Education (ISE) program invests in the development of experiences
that encourage informal learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). - NSF-ISE Solicitation 05-544
Japan - “ Interest & Awareness” It is required to cultivate confidence of the public in science and technology by not only ar
ousing their interest as the "recipient" of science and technology, but also arousing their participatory awareness as the "maker in collaboration" with experts. - Annual Report on the Promotion of Science and Technology 2001 - Creativity of Japan's Science and Technology‐(Summary) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 2001
Robert Semper (2005)
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“Café Scientifique”s are starting to become popular in Japan. Science Cafés are seen as a good way to relax and enjoy scientific discussion. But in Japan, cafés are as not relaxing for the general public as they are in the U.K., and a science café might feel quite similar to a normal science lecture. For a interactive communication in Japan, other methods are needed.
So we devised a scientific communication method more adapted to Japanese Culture.
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Concept of Concept of ““Astronomy Pub”Astronomy Pub”
ResearcherCitizen
Communicatio
n
Formation and improvement of scientific literacy & social literacy
Improvement in the social literacy of a researcher, and formation and improvement of civic scientific literacy are aimed at through the frank interactive communicationof a researcher and a citizen.
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スクリーン
““Astronomy Pub”Astronomy Pub”
Citize
n
Science Café Style
Talk
Talk
Researcher
Guest speaker
The total is about 2 hours
First, a Discussion (Debate) is held on stage: This will help the participants’ feel more emotionally involved, or fell attached to one of the speakers. This leads to conversations off stage.
Limited Participants: Less then 30,so everybody can talk to the researcher and the guest
Alcohol: Smoothens lips, makes a easy to participate atmosphere
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Citize
n
Dialog
Researcher
Guest
After 40 minutes of discussion,
the speakers will get off of the stage and converse with the participants. Rule: Each participant shall not restrain a speaker for more then 5 minutes.
Provide witty foods and drinks.
Citize
n
Dialog
Floor
Stage
The Table
of drinks
& foods
““Astronomy Pub”Astronomy Pub”
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スクリーン
Citize
n
Science Café Style
Talk
Talk
Researcher
Guest speaker
Conclusion of a meeting
A commemorative photo is taken or it sings a song in chorus all together.
How to collect is also according to the researcher of the role of a host.
““Astronomy Pub”Astronomy Pub”
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Comparison of lecture , Café , and pub
(A) Lectuer Meeting (B) Café Scientifique (C) Astronomy Pub
The same researcheres carries out for citizens at the same placeas “astronomy pub”.2006/11 ~ 2006/12 5times
Dr.Agata presides at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and it carries out for citizens in it on May 3, 2006. Three graduate students present each research.
Dr.Agata presides and it carries out once every month.2006/11 ~ 6times
N=236 N=32 N=107
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
%
female male no answer
sex
lectureCaféPub
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
%
<20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60< noanswer
age
(A) lecture(B)Café(C)Pub
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Very
Sati
sfi
ed
Mostl
y S
ati
sfi
ed
Hard
to s
ay
Mostl
y U
nsati
sfi
ed
Very
Unsati
sfi
ed
No a
nsw
er (A) lecture
(B)Café(C)Pub
53
41
2 10 3
3946
15
0 0 0
4542
10
20 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
%
Obverall Satisfaction
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Conclusion (from questionnaire)
“Astronomy Pub" participant's degree of satisfaction is higher than a general lecture meeting and a science cafe
In dialog , "frank" and "The softened atmosphere" is important.
Examination of whether the dialog with an "average citizen" is materialized is future.
I want to also perform measurement of the social literacy of a researcher from now on.
It is important to carry out continuously. Then, Can't research institution, university, and science museum be carried out, either?
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Future PUR in JapanFuture PUR in Japan
• Training of science communicator • Dialog with citizens For example, ‘Astronomy Pub’ (science cafe) • Expansion of ‘Outreach’ For example, information service in Web Delivery Lesson at School
• Fusion and cooperation of “research community” and “educational
community”
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• Narrative Importance of talking about reseach• Experience Experience of real science • Enjoy• Communication etc.
Science is Culture !
What is the universal PUR ?What is the universal PUR ?
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http://www.nao.ac.jp/
The Universe Map
Japanese version English-language version
Portuguese version
Let’s make posters in the language of each country!
The recently result of the research on the universe and a life
Now of GalileoNow of Darwin
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Science is Culture. Let's aim at promotion of the science to make people happy. For this purpose, Education and Pubic Outreach is important .
Thank you so much for listing to my lecture!Thank you so much for listing to my lecture!
AGAGaaTTa + a + CCulture = ulture = TheThe genegene which tells which tells sciencescience