Science 10 Data Page 1
ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenicAstatineBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbonCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCopperCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermanium
Element Symbol
AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBhBBrCdCaCfCCeCsClCrCoCuCmDsDbDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGe
AtomicNumber
8913955118338556974
83107
5354820986
58551724272996
11010566996863
1009
87643132
GoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIronKryptonLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumMeitneriumManganeseMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeonNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorusPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassium
Element Symbol
AuHfHsHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMtMnMdHgMoNdNeNpNiNbNNoOsOPdPPtPuPoK
AtomicNumber
7972
1082
671
495377263657
103823
7112
10925
101804260109328417
102768
461578948419
PraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRoentgeniumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSiliconSilverSodiumStrontiumSulphurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTinTitaniumTungstenUraniumVanadiumXenonYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium
Element Symbol
PrPmPaRaRnReRhRgRbRuRfSmScSgSeSiAgNaSrSTaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr
AtomicNumber
59619188867545
1113744
1046221
1063414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040
RADIOACTIVITY SYMBOLS
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE ELEMENTS
00 γ
0–1 e
0–1β ,
42 He4
2α ,
10 n 1
1 p 11 H,
Data Page 2 Science 10
NO
N-M
ET
ALS
ME
TA
LS
Ion
char
ge(s
)
47.9
Tita
nium
3+T
i4+
22
Ato
mic
Mas
sN
ame
Sym
bol
Ato
mic
Num
ber
PE
RIO
DIC
TA
BL
E O
F T
HE
EL
EM
EN
TS
Alk
alin
eE
arth
Met
als
Alk
ali
Met
als
Nob
leG
ases
Hal
ogen
s
Bas
ed o
n m
ass
of C
-12
at 1
2.00
.
Any
val
ue in
par
enth
eses
is th
e m
ass
of th
e m
ost
stab
le o
r be
st k
now
n is
otop
e fo
rel
emen
ts w
hich
do
not o
ccur
nat
ural
ly.
(262
)
Law
renc
ium
Lr
3+10
3
(259
)
Nob
eliu
m
3+N
o2+
102
(258
)
Men
dele
vium3+
Md
2+10
1
(257
)
Ferm
ium
Fm
3+10
0
(252
)
Eins
tein
ium
Es
3+99
(251
)
Cal
iforn
ium
Cf
3+98
(247
)
Berk
eliu
m4+B
k3+
97
(247
)
Cur
ium
Cm
3+96
(243
)
Amer
icium
Am
95
6+5+4+3+
5+3+6+4+
(244
)
Plut
onium
Pu
94
6+4+3+5+
(237
)
Nep
tuniu
m
Np
93
5+4+6+
238.
0
Ura
nium
U92
231.
0
Prot
actin
ium4+
Pa
5+91
232.
0
Thor
ium
Th
4+90
175.
0
Lute
tium
Lu
3+71
173.
0
Ytte
rbiu
m
2+Y
b3+
70
168.
9Th
uliu
m
2+T
m3+
69
167.
3
Erbi
um
Er
3+68
164.
9
Hol
miu
m
Ho
3+67
162.
5
Dys
pros
ium
Dy
3+66
158.
9
erbi
umT
4+T
b3+
65
157.
3
Gad
olin
ium
Gd
3+64
152.
0
Euro
pium
2+E
u3+
63
150.
4
Sam
ariu
m4+S
m3+
62
(145
)
Prom
ethi
um
Pm
3+61
144.
2
Neo
dym
ium
Nd
3+60
140.
9
Pras
eody
miu
m
4+P
r3+
59
140.
1
Cer
ium
4+C
e3+
58
(266
)
Mei
tner
ium
Mt
109
(265
)
Has
sium
Hs
108
(262
)
Bohr
ium
Bh
107
(263
)
Sg
Seab
orgi
um
106
(262
)
Dub
nium
Db
105
(26
1)
Rut
herfo
rdiu
m
Rf
10
4
(22
7)
Act
iniu
m
Ac
3+
89
(226
)
Rad
ium
Ra
2+88
(223
)
Fran
cium
Fr
+87
(222
)
Rad
on
Rn
086
(210
)
Asta
tine
At
–85
(209
)
Polo
nium
4+P
o2+
84
020
9.
Bism
uth
5+B
i3+
83
207.
2
Lead
4+P
b2+
82
204.
4
Thal
lium
3+T
l1+
81
200.
6
Mer
cury
1+H
g2+
80
197.
0
Gol
d
1+A
u3+
79
195.
1
Plat
inum
2+P
t4+
78
192.
2
Iridi
um
4+Ir
3+77
190.
2
Osm
ium
4+O
s3+
76
186.
2
Rhe
nium
7+R
e4+
75
183.
8
ungs
ten
TW6+
74
180.
9
anta
lum
TTa5+
73
178.
5
Haf
nium
Hf
4+72
138.
9
Lant
hanu
m
La
3+57
137.
3
Bariu
m
Ba
2+56
132.
9
Ces
ium
Cs
+55
131.
3
Xeno
n
Xe
054
126.
9
Iodi
ne
I–
53
127.
6
Tellu
rium
Te2–
52
121.
8
Antim
ony5+
Sb
3+51
118.
7
Tin
2+S
n4+
50
114.
8
Indi
um
In3+
49
112.
4
Cad
miu
m
Cd
2+48
107.
9
Silv
er
Ag
+47
106.
4
Palla
dium
4+P
d2+
46
102.
9
Rho
dium
4+R
h3+
45
101.
1
Rut
heni
um
4+R
u3+
44
(98)
Tech
netiu
m
Tc
7+43
95.9
Mol
ybde
num3+
Mo
2+42
92.9
Nio
bium
5+N
b3+
41
91.2
Zirc
oniu
m
Zr
4+40
88.9
Yttri
um
Y3+
39
87.6
Stro
ntiu
m
Sr
2+38
85.5
Rub
idiu
m
Rb
+37
83.8
Kryp
ton
Kr
036
79.9
Brom
ine
Br
–35
79.0
Sele
nium
Se
2–34
74.9
Arse
nic
As
3–33
72.6
Ger
man
ium
Ge
4+32
69.7
Gal
lium
Ga
3+31
65.4
ZincZn
2+30
63.5
Cop
per
1+C
u2+
29
58.7
Nic
kel
3+N
i2+
28
58.9
Cob
alt
3+C
o2+
27
55.8
Iron
2+F
e3+
26
54.9
Man
gane
se
Mn
25
4+3+2+
52.0
Chr
omiu
m2+C
r3+
24
50.9
Vana
dium
4+V
5+23
47.9
Tita
nium
3+T
i4+
22
45.0
Scan
dium
Sc
3+21
40.1
Cal
cium
Ca
2+20
39.1
Pota
ssiu
m
K+
19
39.9
Argo
n
Ar
018
35.5
Chl
orin
e
Cl
–17
32.1
Sulp
hur
S2–
16
31.0
Phos
phor
us
P3–
15
28.1
Silic
on
Si
14
27.0
Alum
inum
Al
3+13
24.3
Mag
nesi
um
Mg
2+12
23.0
Sodi
um
Na
+11
20.2
Neo
n
Ne
010
19.0
Fluo
rine
F9–
16.0
Oxy
gen
O–
82
14.0
Nitr
ogen
N–
73
12.0
Car
bon
C6
10.8
Boro
n
B5
9.0
Bery
llium
Be
+4
2
6.9
Lith
ium
Li
3+
4.0
Hel
ium
He
20
1.0
Hyd
roge
n
H1–
1.0
Hyd
roge
n
H1+
(294
)
Unu
noct
ium
Uu
o11
8
(?)
Unu
nsep
tium
Uu
s11
7
(292
)
Unu
nhex
ium
Uu
h11
6
(288
)
Uu
pU
nunp
entiu
m
115
(289
)
Unu
nqua
dium
Uu
q11
4
(28
4)
Unu
ntriu
m
Uu
t1
13
(28
5)
Unu
nbiu
m
Uu
b1
12
(272
)
Roe
ntge
nium
Rg
111
(281
)
Darm
stad
tium
Ds
110
12
34
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
17
18
Science 10 Data Page 3
1445
4424
4544
30
12
34
Aci
dic
Bas
icN
eutr
al
56
78
910
1112
1314
stom
ach
lem
ongr
apes
tom
atoe
sba
nana
sm
ilkw
ater
eggs
baki
ng
soda
soap
amm
onia
oven
clea
ner [OH
– ]
blea
ch
Met
hyl O
rang
eR
ED
YE
LL
OW
Met
hyl R
edM
ethy
l Red
RE
DY
EL
LO
W
Bro
mth
ymol
Blu
eY
EL
LO
WB
LU
E
Litm
usR
ED
BL
UE
Phe
nolp
htha
lein
CO
LO
UR
LE
SS
PIN
K
Indi
go C
arm
ine
YE
LL
OW
BL
UE
[H+] ⎧
⎨
⎪⎪⎪⎪
⎩
⎪⎪⎪⎪
⎧
⎨
⎪⎪⎪⎪
⎩
⎪⎪⎪⎪
pH
SC
AL
E
NH
3
Data Page 4 Science 10
Positive Ions
NAMES, FORMULAE AND CHARGES OF SOME POLYATOMIC IONS
Negative Ions
COMMON ISOTOPE PAIRS CHART
Isotope Half-life of Parent(years)
Carbon-14
Uranium-235
Thorium-235
Rubidium-87
Potassium-40
Uranium-238
Parent
Nitrogen-14
Lead-207
Argon-40
Lead-208
Strontium-87
Lead-206
5730
710 million
1.3 billion
14 billion
47 billion
4.5 billion
Daughter
NH4+ Ammonium NO2
– Nitrite
ClO4– Perchlorate
MnO4– Permanganate
PO43– Phosphate
PO33– Phosphite
SO42– Sulphate
SO32– Sulphite
HCO3– Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate
HSO4– Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate
HS– Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide
HSO3– Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite
OH– Hydroxide
ClO– Hypochlorite
NO3– Nitrate
CH3COO– Acetate
CO32– Carbonate
ClO3– Chlorate
ClO2– Chlorite
CrO42– Chromate
CN– Cyanide
Cr2O72– Dichromate
EQUATIONS OF MOTIONUNITS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
vav = ΔdΔt
Δd = vav Δt
Δt = Δdvav
a = ΔvΔt
Δv = aΔt
Δt = Δva
Δv
Δv
= vf − vi
= vf −vi
Δv= vi +vf
m
s
min
h
a
Symbol
metre
second
minute
hour
year
Unit
distance (d)
time (t)
Quantity
PREFIXES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca
Science 10 Data Page 5
TH
E C
AR
BO
N C
YC
LE
sea
surf
ace
gas
exch
ange
sun
CE
LLU
LAR
RE
SP
IRAT
ION
P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S
DE
CO
MP
OS
ITIO
N
chan
ge in
land
use
(e.g
. agr
icul
ture
)
DIA
GR
AM
NO
T T
O S
CA
LE
CO
2
atm
osph
eric
CO
2
1.5
0.5
9092
100
92
plan
t gro
wth
an
d de
cay
6061
1600
mar
ine
life
5040
3
orga
nic
mat
ter
in s
oil
terr
estr
ial
vege
tatio
n
540
– 61
0
circ
ulat
ion
of
inte
rmed
iate
and
dee
p w
ater
38 0
00 –
40
000
diss
olve
d or
gani
c ca
rbon
700
foss
il fu
elco
mbu
stio
n
5.5
CO
2 in
atm
osph
ere
750
mar
ine
sedi
men
ts a
nd s
edim
enta
ry r
ock
68 0
00 0
00 –
100
000
000co
al
3000
oil a
nd g
as d
epos
it
300
CA
RB
ON
CY
CL
E K
EY
e.g
. 100
92
carb
on e
xcha
nge
in g
igat
onne
s pe
r ye
ar
e.g
. 38
000
– 40
000
carb
on s
tore
s in
gig
aton
nes
Data Page 6 Science 10
Per
man
ent I
ce
Tund
ra
Trop
ical
Rai
n F
ores
t
Tem
pera
te R
ain
For
est
Bor
eal F
ores
t
Gra
ssla
nd
Des
ert
Tem
pera
te D
ecid
uous
For
est
BIO
ME
S O
F T
HE
WO
RL
D
N S
EW
Trop
ic o
f Can
cer
23.5
°N
Equ
ator
0°
Trop
ic o
f Cap
ricor
n 23
.5°S
Science 10 Data Page 7
Burgess shale deposited
Pangea forming
Multicellular life on land
Glaciers retreat
Glaciers form at poles
Tropical climate at equator
Pangea breaking apart
Atlantic Ocean forming
Glaciation in Southern Hemisphere
Abundant deposition of organic material, source
of future fossil fuels
Red iron oxide deposits
Climate warmer than presentcausing higher sea level
Glaciation intensifies
Grand Canyon forming
Ice sheets advance thenretreat in Northern Hemisphere
Himalayan Mountains forming
Rocky Mountains forming
Beginning of modern ice ages
Single cell aquatic life
Multicellular aquatic life
Abundant fossils appear in rock record
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Cambrian
Oligocene
Dates according to Geological Time Scale, 1999. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3040. It is recognized that there is some variation in the dates given in the literature.
ERA
4600
LITHOSPHERETECTONIC PLATE MAPS
Holocene
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Eocene
Paleocene
CENOZOIC
MESOZOIC
PALEOZOIC
PRECAMBRIAN
Quaternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
55
65
145
200
251
300
355
418
441
490
544
Ordovician
PERIOD EPOCH TIME (Ma)
0.01
1.6
5.3
24
34
Formation of the Earth
GEOLOGICAL TIME
Time Ma
540 Ma
400 Ma
270 Ma
Pangea
150 Ma
40 Ma
Present
Data Page 8 Science 10
DIA
GR
AM
NO
T T
O S
CA
LE
Diff
eren
t sou
rces
will
pro
vide
var
ying
info
rmat
ion.pl
ant a
ndan
imal
was
te
runo
ff an
dle
achi
ng
deco
mpo
sers
min
ing
(pho
spha
te fe
rtili
zers
and
dete
rgen
ts)
phos
phat
ein
soi
l
phos
phat
e ro
ckswea
ther
ing
geol
ogic
upl
ift
diss
olve
d in
wat
erw
ays sh
allo
w o
cean
sedi
men
ts
plan
t an
d an
imal
w
aste
TH
E P
HO
SP
HO
RU
S C
YC
LE
PH
OS
PH
OR
US
CY
CL
E K
EY
num
bers
rep
rese
nt s
tore
d am
ount
s in
mill
ions
of m
etric
to
ns (
1012
g)40
00
num
bers
rep
rese
nt fl
ows
in m
illio
ns o
f met
ric to
ns
(1012
g) p
er y
ear
200
fish
harv
est
10
100
50
1000
7
.01
2
20 0
00 0
00 0
00
4000
200
10 0
00 –
60
000
100
000
000
fert
ilize
rs
ocea
n
diss
olvi
ng
ocea
n se
dim
ents
leac
hing
in
to s
oil
soil
fres
h w
ater
terr
estr
ial
orga
nism
s
min
eabl
eph
osph
ate
Ear
th’s
cr
ust
200
upta
ke b
y te
rres
tria
l or
gani
sms
mar
ine
life
guan
o bi
rdis
land
s
indu
stria
lw
aste
wea
ther
ing
Science 10 Data Page 9
DIA
GR
AM
NO
T T
O S
CA
LE
N I T R O G E N F I X A T I O N
D E N I T R I F I C A T I O N
C O N V E R S I O N T O G A S
S E D I M E N T A T I O N
U P T A K E B Y P L A N T S
NH
4+
NH
4+
NH
3N
O, N
O2
NH
3
Atm
osp
her
e: p
rimar
ily N
2 w
ith tr
aces
of N
H3,
NO
, NO
2
nitr
ogen
-fix
ing
soil
bact
eria
nitr
ifyin
gba
cter
ia
ash
acid
pre
cipi
tatio
nH
NO
3
deco
mpo
sers
(bac
teria
and
fung
i)
diss
olve
d N
H4+ ,
NO
3–
NH
4+ , N
O3–
N2
N2
N
O3–
N2,
NH
3, N
O, N
O2,
NO
3–
plan
ts
sew
age
and
fert
ilize
rs
nitr
ifyin
gba
cter
ia
deni
trify
ing
bact
eria
nitr
ogen
oxi
des
from
tran
spor
tatio
nan
d in
dust
ry
deca
ying
pla
ntan
d an
imal
was
te
ATM
OS
PH
ER
IC F
IXAT
ION
(lig
htni
ng)
fert
ilize
rap
plic
atio
n
nitr
ogen
-fix
ing
bact
eria
in r
oot
nodu
les
of le
gum
es
NO
2–N
O3–
NH
4+ , N
O3–
NH
4+
NO
3–
NIT
RIF
ICAT
ION
NIT
RIF
ICAT
ION
UP
TAK
E B
Y P
LAN
TS
NIT
RO
GE
N F
IXAT
ION
LEA
CH
ING
AN
D R
UN
OF
F
TH
E N
ITR
OG
EN
CY
CL
E
Data Page 10 Science 10
MAP OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
LEGENDTransform boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
Plate movement
Volcanoes
N
S
EW
SA
N A
ND
RE
AS
FAU
LTDENALI FAU
LT
STIKINEVOLCANICBELT
ANAHIMVOLCANICBELT
QU
EE
NC
HA
RL
OT
TEFA
ULT
YUKONN.W.T.
B.C.
ALB
ER
TA
ALASKA
JUAN DE FUCA
RIDGE
JUAN DE FUCAPLATE
Mt. Baker
Mt. St. Helens
Yellowstone
EXPLORER PLATE
EXPLORER RIDGE
GORDA RID
GE
GORDAPLATE
WASH.
MONTANA
OREGONIDAHO
CALIF.
CA
SCA
DE
VOLC
AN
OES
NORTHAMERICAN
PLATE
PACIFICPLATE
WY
OM
IING
SA
SK
.
NEVADA
UTAH
ARIZONA
CO
LOR
AD
O
ALEUTIAN TRENCH
Science 10 Data Page 11
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