Download - Scholarship in the Digital Age
Eric T. Meyer with Ralph SchroederOxford Internet Institute
Undergraduate Lecture SeriesMichaelmas Term 2010
Scholarship in the Digital Age
Flavours of Internet Research Research about the Internet as
social phenomenon
Research using the Internet as an information resource
The Internet as research tool and research method
The Internet as underlying infrastructure enabling advances in research across domains and disciplines
Source: Meyer, E.T., Schroeder, R. (2009). Untangling the Web of e-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge. Journal of Informetrics 3(3):246-260
e-Research is defined as:
research using
digital tools and data
for the distributed and collaborative
production of knowledge
Source: CERN, CERN-EX-0712023, http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1203203
Online Historical Population Reports (OHPR/Histpop)
Reconfiguring Access
Source: Dutton (2010). Reconfiguring Access in Research: Information.Expertise, and Experience. In Dutton & Jeffreys (eds) World Wide Research:Reshaping the Sciences and Humanities. The MIT Press.
Source: S. Wuchty et al., (2007). The Increasing Dominance of Teams in Production of Knowledge. Science 316, 1036 -1039.
The Growth of Teams
Source: Meyer, E.T., Schroeder, R. (2009). Untangling the Web of e-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge. Journal of Informetrics 3(3):246-260
Source: Schroeder, R., Meyer, E.T. (2009). Gauging the Impact of e-Research in the Social Sciences. Paper presented at the 104th American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 8-11, San Francisco, California.
Source: Meyer, E.T., Park, H-W., Schroeder, R. (2009). Mapping Global e-Research: Scientometrics and Webometrics. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on e-Social Science, June 24-26, Cologne, Germany.
Vis
ibili
ty
Source: Meyer, E.T., Park, H-W., Schroeder, R. (2009). Mapping Global e-Research: Scientometrics and Webometrics. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on e-Social Science, June 24-26, Cologne, Germany.
Why is science and research growing more collaborative?
Is technology driving it?
Or are there big scientific questions that cannot be answered otherwise?
SPLASH: Structure of Populations, Levels of Abundance, and Status of Humpbacks
Meyer, E.T. (2009). Moving from small science to big science: Social and organizational impediments to large scale data sharing. In Jankowski, N. (Ed.), E-Research: Transformation in Scholarly Practice (Routledge Advances in Research Methods series). New York: Routledge.
Photo-identification
Humpback whales
20
Photo-identification
Dolphins
Dolphins
22
Photo-identification
Humpback whales
23
Matching techniques on screen
24
Matching techniques on paper
GAIN:
Genetic Association
Information Network
Ca. 2006-2007
34
46
58
51
39
57
Data reqs
Data needed to answer key questions in psychiatric genetics case study
Years Type of study Samples DNA Sequencing Scope of collaboration
1985-1997 Family association / linkage
300 Hundreds of loci / candidate genes
4 sites in USA
1997-2007 Family association / linkage
1,500 10,000 SNPs 13 sites in USA
2007-2009 Genome-wide association
5,000 1,200,000 SNPs Multiple multi-institution
collaborations in USA2010-? Whole genome 30,000 Millions of SNPs World-wide
collaborationFuture Whole genome
sequencing? Entire genome
sequenceWorld-wide
collaboration
Annotation Size
(no. of words)
Entries (topical
+ alphabetical+ page-by-page) Contributors
Book Form Annotation: Weisenburger’s
Gravity’s Rainbow162000 904 1 (22)
Wiki: Against the Day 455057
120 + 1358 + 4067
235
Comparison of book and wiki annotation efforts
Source: Schroeder, R., & Besten, M. D. (2008). Literary Sleuths Online: e-Research collaboration on the Pynchon Wiki. Information, Communication & Society, 11(2), 167 - 187.
Weisenburger vs. the Wiki on Pynchon
Source: Meyer, E.T., Schroeder, R. (2009). Untangling the Web of e-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge. Journal of Informetrics 3(3):246-260.
Source: Meyer, E.T., Schroeder, R. (2009). Untangling the Web of e-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge. Journal of Informetrics 3(3):246-260
Source: Schroeder, R., Meyer, E.T. (2009). Gauging the Impact of e-Research in the Social Sciences. Paper presented at the 104th American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 8-11, San Francisco, California.
Source: Schroeder, R., Meyer, E.T. (2009). Gauging the Impact of e-Research in the Social Sciences. Paper presented at the 104th American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 8-11, San Francisco, California.
Source: Schroeder, R., Meyer, E.T. (2009). Gauging the Impact of e-Research in the Social Sciences. Paper presented at the 104th American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 8-11, San Francisco, California.
Citation Habits
HistPop
BOPCRIS
BL News
BL Sounds
Med Back-files
9%
36%
53%
38%
43%
55%
36%
38%
50%
48%
36%
21%
6%
13%
10%
0%
7%
2%
0%
0%
Original version Original + URL Online version Other
0%10%20%30%40%50%
46%
29%
35%
20%
43%
Have you ever published a piece based on your work in this collection?
If so, how did you cite the collection?
The context of data
Source: Meyer & Schroeder (2009). The World Wide Web of Research and Access to Knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management Research and Practice 7 (3):218-233.
42
Social InformaticsSI (and Kling) Big Ideas:1. Computerization Movements2. Social Actors (vs. users)
3. Socio-Technical Interaction Networks (STINs) - building on SCOT and ANT regarding
technology in use
4. Others
43
The STIN strategy“Several fundamental assumptions underlie the application of the STIN methodology, and drive the methods used to construct STINs. These assumptions include: [1] the social and the technological are not meaningfully
separable…, [2] Theories of social behavior…should influence technical
design choices…, [3] system participants are embedded in multiple,
overlapping, and non-technologically mediated social relationships, and therefore may have multiple, often conflicting, commitments…, and
[4] sustainability and routine operations are critical. “Quote from: Kling, R., McKim, G., & King, A. (2003). A Bit More to IT: Scholarly
Communication Forums as Socio-Technical Interaction Networks. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 46-67.
44
Steps in the STIN strategy
For more information see Meyer, E. T. (2006). Socio-technical Interaction Networks: A discussion of the strengths, weaknesses and future of Kling’s STIN model. In J. Berleur, M.I. Numinen, & J. Impagliazzo (Eds.), IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 223, Social Informatics: An Information Society for All? In Remembrance of Rob Kling (pp. 37-48). Boston: Springer. [ Also available to subscribers at SpringerLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37876-3_3 ]
The OeSS Project 2005-2011
http://microsites.oii.ox.ac.uk/oess/
Oxford e-Social Science Project
OxfordInternetInstitute
Oxforde-Research
Centre
Institute for Science, Innovation
and Society at
Saïd Business School
OeSS
Researc
her
Dis
cip
lin
es
Visualization Source: Boyack, Klavens & Borner (2005) Mapping the Backbone of Science. Scientometrics 64(3): 351-374.
Oxford Internet InstituteUniversity of Oxford
Eric T. [email protected]
http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/meyer
Ralph [email protected]
http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/schroeder
Oxford e-Social Science Project
With funding from: