With effect from Academic Year 2017-18
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION
BE IV YEAR
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
SEMESTER – I
S.No. Course
Code Course Title
Scheme of
Instruction Scheme of Examination
Periods Per Week
L/T D/P
Duration
in Hours
Max. Marks
Univ.
Exams
Sessio
nals
1 EC 401 Microwave Engineering 4 - 3 75 25
2 EC 402 VLSI Design 4 - 3 75 25
3 EC 403 Electronic
Instrumentation 4 - 3 75 25
4 Elective – I 4 - 3 75 25
5 Elective – II 4 - 3 75 25
6
Industrial
Administration and
Financial Management
4 - 3 75 25
PRACTICALS
1 EC 431 Microwave Lab - 3 3 50 25
2 EC 432 Embedded C and VLSI
Design Lab - 3 3 50 25
3 EC 433 Project Seminar - 3 -- -- 25
TOTAL 24 6 550 225
Elective – I Elective – II EC 411 Optical Communication EC 421 Embedded Systems
EC 412 Digital Image Processing EC 422 Digital Signal Processor & Architecture
EC 413 Multi Rate Signal Processing EC 423 Optimization Techniques
EC 414 FPGA EC 424 System Automation and Control
EC 415 Artificial Neural Networks EC 425 Internet of Things
CS XXX Information Security ME XXX Entrepreneurship
EC 401 With effect from Academic Year 2017-18
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
Instruction 4 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objective:
1. Formulate the wave equation in wave guide for analysis.
2. Identify the use of microwave components and devices in microwave applications.
3. Understand the working principles of all the microwave tubes
4. Understand the working principles of all the solid state devices
5. Understand the various types of Microstrip antennas
UNIT-I
Guided Waves: Propagation of TE, TM and TEM waves between parallel planes. Velocity of propagation, wave impedance, attenuation in parallel plane guides.
UNIT-II
Waveguides: TE and TM waves in rectangular and circular waveguides, Wave Impedance,
Characteristic Wave Impedance, Attenuation and Q of waveguides. Cavity resonators, resonant
frequency and Q, Applications of cavity resonator.
UNIT-III
Microwave Circuits and Components: Concept of Microwave circuit, Normalized voltage and
current, Introduction to scattering parameters and their properties, S parameters for reciprocal and
Non-reciprocal components- Magic Tee, Directional coupler, E and H Plane Tees and their
properties, Attenuators, Phase Shifters, Isolators and circulators.
UNIT-IV
Microwave Tubes: High frequency limitations of conventional tubes, Bunching and velocity
modulation, mathematical theory of bunching, principles and operation of two cavity, multi
cavity and Reflex Klystron.
Theory of crossed field interaction: Principles and operation of magnetrons and crossed field amplifiers, TWT and BWO.
UNIT-V Microwave Solid State Devices: Principles of operation, characteristics and applications of Varactor, PIN diode, GUNN diode and IMPATT diode.
Elements of strip lines, micro strip lines, slot lines and fin–lines. SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. E. C. Jordan & Keith G. Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, 2/e,
Pearson Education, 2006.
2. Samuel Y. Liao, “Microwave Devices and Circuits”, 3/e, Pearson Education, 2003.
3. R. E. Collins, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, 2/e, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.,
2012.
4. Annapurna Das and Sisir K. Das “ Microwave Engineering “, McGraw Hill Education,
Third edition, 2014
EC 402 Effect from the academic year 2017 - 2018
VLSI Design
Instruction 4 periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Objectives:
1. Study of the structure and operation of MOS transistor, CMOS Inverter Design, Bipolar Inverter
2. Demonstrate Lambda based design rules, designing layouts and strategies for buildingLow power
gates
3. Design of Combinational logic gates in CMOS and design of Sequential Logic circuits
4. Design of resistive Interconnect, inductive Interconnect and Interconnect coupling capacitance
5. Design single stage CMOS amplifiers using current mirrors.
UNIT-I
Introduction to MOS Technology, Basic MOS Transistor action: Enhancement and Depletion
Modes. Basic electrical properties of MOS, Threshold voltage and Body Effect. Design of MOS
inverters with different loads, Basic Logic Gates with CMOS: INVERTER, NAND, NOR, AOI
and OAI gates. Transmission gate logic circuits, Bi-CMOS inverter.
UNIT-II
MOS and CMOS circuit Design Process: MOS Layers, Stick diagrams, Lambda based Design
rules and Layout diagrams. Basic Circuit Concepts: Sheet Resistance, Area Capacitance and
Delay calculation.
UNIT-III
Combinational Logic: Manchester, Carry select and Carry Skip adders, Crossbar and barrel shifters, Multiplexer.
Sequential Logic: Design of Dynamic Register Element, 3T, 1T Dynamic RAM Cell, 6T Static
RAM Cell. D flip flop using Transmission gates. NOR and NAND based ROM Memory Design.
UNIT-IV
Interconnect Design: Introduction, Interconnect RC Delays, Buffer Insertion for verylong wires,
Interconnect coupling capacitance: Components of Couplingcapacitance, Coupling effects on
Delay, Crosstalk, Interconnect Inductance.
UNIT-V
Analog VLSI Design: Small Signal Model of MOSFETs, Simple CMOS current mirror, common
sourceamplifier, source follower, common gate amplifier, cascode amplifiers. Source-
degenerated current mirror, cascode current mirror, Wilson current mirror.
Suggested Reading:
1. David A Hodges, Horace G Jackson Resve A Saleg Analysis and Design of Digital
Integrated circuits, McGraw Hill Companies 3rd edition, 2006.
2. Jan M Rabaey, A Chandrakasan, Borvioje N, Digital Integrated Circuits Design
Perspective, 2nd edition, PHI, 2005.
3. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design, 4th edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
4. Kamran Eshraghian, Douglas A. Pucknell, and Sholeh Eshraghian, “Essentials of VLSI
circuits and systems”, PHI, 2011.
5. John P. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems”, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.,
2011.
6. David Johns, Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley & sons. 2004
EC 403 With effect from Academic Year 2017-18
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
Instruction 4 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objective:
1. Describe characteristic of an instrument and state different Standards of measurements
2. Identify and explain different types of Transducers.
3. Draw and Interpret types of transducers.
4. Designing, analyzing digital voltmeters and Prioritize the instruments.
5. Identify and classify types of Biomedical instruments.
Unit-I
Accuracy, Precision, Resolution and Sensitivity. Errors and their types. Standards of
measurement, classification of standards, IEEE standards, Elements of ISO 9001, Quality
management Standards.
Unit-II
Transducers: classification, factors for selection of a transducer, transducers for measurement
of velocity, acceleration, force, radio activity, Hot wire anemometer. Passive electrical
transducers- Strain gauges and strain measurement, LVDT and displacement measurement,
capacitive transducer and thickness measurement. Active electrical transducers: Piezo electric,
photo conductive, photo voltaic and photo emissive transducers.
Unit-III
Characteristics of sound, pressure, power and loudness measurement. Microphones and their
types. Temperature measurement, resistance wire thermometers, semiconductor thermometers
and thermocouples. Humidity measurement, resistive capacitive, aluminum oxide and crystal
Hygrometer types.
Unit-IV
Block diagram, specification and design considerations of different types of DVMs. Digital LCR
meters, Spectrum analyzers. The IEEE488 or GPIB Interface and protocol.
Delayed time base oscilloscope, Digital storage oscilloscope, and mixed signal oscilloscope.
Introduction to virtual instrumentation, SCADA. Data acquisition system block diagram.
Unit-V
Biomedical Instrumentation: Human physiological systems and related concepts. Bio-potential
electrodes Bio-potential recorders – ECG, EEG, EMG, X- ray machines and CT scanners,
magnetic resonance and imaging systems, Ultrasonic Imaging systems.
Suggested Reading:
1. Albert D. Helfric, and William D. Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques”, PHI, 2010.
2. H S Kalsi, “Electronic Instrumentation”, 3/e, TMH, 2011.
3. Robert A Witte, “Electronic Test Instruments: Analog and Digital Measurements”, 2/e,
2002.
4. Nakra B.C, and Chaudhry K.K., “Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis”, TMH,
2004.
5. Khandpur. R.S., “Handbook of Bio-Medical Instrumentation”, TMH, 2003.
EC431 With effect from Academic Year 2017-18
MICROWAVE LAB
Instruction: 3 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination: 3 Hours
University Examination: 50 Marks
Sessional Marks: 25 Marks
Course objectives:
1. Understand the characteristics of RKO and Gunn oscillator.
2. Measurement of frequency and wavelengths would be learnt by the student.
3. VSWR various TEES would be understood by the student.
4. Radiation pattern would be learnt by the student for horn antenna.
5. How to Create, Simulate and Analyze the different types of Microstrip Antennas by using EM
simulation software.
List of experiments
1. Characteristics of Reflex Klystron oscillator, finding the mode numbers and efficiencies of
different modes.
2. Characteristics of Gunn diode oscillator, Power Output Vs Frequency, Power Output Vs Bias
Voltage.
3. Measurement of frequency and Guide wavelength calculation:
a. Verification of the relation between Guide wavelength, free space wavelength and cutoff
Wavelength of X- band rectangular waveguide.
b. Verification of the straight line relation between (1/λg )2 and (1/λ0 )2
and finding the
dimension of the guide.
4. Measurement of low and high VSWRs: VSWR of different components like matched terminals,
capacitive and inductive windows, slide screw tuner for different heights of the tuning posts etc.
5. Measurement of impedance for horn antenna, Matched load and slide screw tuner.
6. To find the S-parameters of Directional coupler.
7. To find the S-parameters of Tees: E plane, H plane and Magic Tee.
8. To find the S-parameters of Circulator.
9. Measurement of radiation patterns for basic microwave antennas like horn and parabolic
reflectors in E-plane and H-plane. Also to finding the gain, bandwidth and beamwidth these
antennas.
10. How to Create, Simulate and Analyze the Dipole Antenna Structure by using EM simulation
software
11. How to Create, Simulate and Analyze a Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by using EM
simulation software
12. How to Create, Simulate and Analyze a Probe Feed Patch Antenna by using EM simulation
software
13. How to Create, Simulate and Analyze a The Triangular Microstrip Antenna by using EM
simulation software
NOTE: At least 10experiments to be carried out during the semester
Suggested Readings:
1. M L Sisodia& G S Raghuvanshi, “Basic Microwave Techniques and Laboratory Manual”, New
Age International (P) Limited, Publishers.
2. Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bahl and Apisak Ittipiboon “Microstrip Antenna Design
HandBook” Artech House Publishers, 2001 ,
EC 432 w.e.f Academic year 2017-2018
Embedded C and VLSI Design LAB
Instruction 3 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 50 Marks
Sessional 25
Part A
Write an embedded C program to demonstrate on ARM Micro controller Kit
1. Round Robin Task Scheduling
2. Preemptive Priority Based Task Scheduling
3. Priority Inversion
4. Timing Concept
5. Message and Queues
6. Semaphores
7. Multi Tasking concept of Real Time Application
Part B
Interfacing Programs using embedded C on ARM Micro controller Kit
8. Program to interface 8-Bit LED and switch interface
9. Program to implement Buzzer interface on IDE environment
10. Program to display message in a 2 line x 16 characters LCD display and verify the result
in debug
terminal
11. Stepper motor interface
12. ADC & Temperature sensor LM35 interface
13. Transmission from kit and reception from PC using serial port.
Part C
Transistor Level implementation of CMOS circuits using VLSI CAD tool
14. Basic Logic Gates: Inverter, NAND and NOR
15. Half Adder and Full Adder
16. 4:1 Multiplexer
17. 2:4 Decoder
Note: A minimum of 10 experiments to be performed and at least 3 experiments from each part
to be performed.
EC 411 Effect from the academic year 2017 - 2018
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
(Elective-I)
Instruction 4 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objectives:
1. Learn concepts of propagation through optical fiber Fiber modes and configurations,
Losses and dispersion through optical fiber.
2. Understand operating principles of light sources and detectors used in optical transmitters
and Receivers.
3. Design an optical link in view of loss and dispersion.
UNIT-I
Evolution of fiber optic system, Elements of Optical Fiber Transmission link, Ray Optics, Optical Fiber
Modes and Configurations, Mode theory of Circular Waveguides, Overview Low frequency data
transportation of Modes and Key concepts, Linearly Polarized Modes, Single Mode Fibers and Graded
Index fiber structure and.
UNIT-II
Attenuation - Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending Losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal
Distortion in Optical Waveguides-Information Capacity determination, Group Delay, Material
Dispersion, Waveguide Dispersion, Signal distortion in SM fibers-Polarization Mode dispersion,
Intermodal dispersion, Pulse Broadening in Guided Index fibers, Mode Coupling, Types of OFC
Connectors and issues involved Design Optimization of Single and cut-off wavelength.
UNIT-III
Direct and indirect Band gap materials, LED structures, Light source materials, Quantum efficiency, LED
power, Modulation of LED, laser Diodes, Modes and Threshold condition, Rate equations, External
Quantum efficiency, Resonant frequencies, Laser Diodes, Temperature effects, Introduction to Quantum
laser, Fiber amplifiers, Power Launching and coupling, Lensing schemes, Fiber-to-Fiber joints, Fiber
splicing.
UNIT-IV
PIN and APD diodes, Photo detector noise, SNR, Detector Response time, Avalanche Multiplication
Noise, Comparison of Photo detectors, Fundamental Receiver Operation, preamplifiers, Error Sources,
Receiver Configuration, Probability of Error, Quantum Limit.
UNIT-V
Point-to-Point link system considerations -Link Power budget, Rise - time budget, Noise Effects on
System Performance, Operational Principles of WDM and Applications. Erbium-doped Amplifiers.
Introductory concepts of SONET/SDH Network. Multiple signal interface in fibers, Bandwidth
utilization, Interface with nano-electronic devices.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gourd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication,” 4/e, TMH, 2000.
2. J.Senior, “Optical Communication, Principles and Practice,” PHI, 1994.
3. J.Gower, “Optical Communication System,” PHI, 2001.
4. Binh, “Digital Optical Communications,” First Indian Reprint 2013, (Taylor & Francis), Yesdee
Publications.
EC412 Effect from the academic year 2017 - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Elective-I)
Instruction 4 Periods per week Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the formation and representation of images digitally
2. To study transform-domain representation of images
3. To know the principles of image compression and enhancement
4. To learn image segmentation and representation techniques
UNIT – I
Elements of Digital Image Processing Systems, Applications of Image Processing, Digital image
representation, elements of visual perception, Image sampling and Quantization, Basic
Relationship between pixels.
UNIT – II
Image transforms and Properties of Fourier transform, Discrete cosine transform, Hadamard
transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, DWT and Hotelling transform.
UNIT – III
Spatial enhancement techniques: Histogram equalization, direct histogram specification, Local
enhancement. Frequency domain techniques: Low pass, High pass and Homomorphic Filtering,
Image Zooming Techniques.
Image Restoration: Degradation model and Algebraic approach for restoration.
UNIT-IV
Redundancies for image compression, Huffman Coding, Arithmetic coding, Bit-plane coding,
loss less and lossy predictive coding. Transform coding techniques: Zonal coding and Threshold
coding.
UNIT-V
Image Segmentation: Fundamentals, Point, Line, and Edge Detection, Segmentation by
Thresholding, Region-Based Segmentation, Segmentation Using Watershed Algorithm
Representation and Description: Representation, Some Simple Descriptors, shape Numbers.
Suggested Reading:
1. Gonzalez R.C. and Woods R.E., “Digital Image Processing,” 2/ e, PHI, 2005.
2. Vipul Singh, "Digital Image Processing with Matlab and Lab view” Elsevier 2013.
3. Madhuri A.Joshi, “Digital Image Processing: An algorithmic Approach,” PHI, 2006.
4. Qidwai, “Digital Image Processing,” First Indian Reprint 2013, (Taylor & Francis),
Yesdee Publications.
EC 413 Effect from the academic year 2017 - 2018
MULTI RATE SIGNAL PROCESSING
(Elective-I)
Instruction 4 periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objectives:
1. To introduce the fundamentals of multirate signal processing and demonstrate the ability to solve
problems in sample rate conversion, filter banks
2. To Create efficient realizations for up sampling and down sampling of signals using the
polyphase decomposition
3. To develop the ability to design digital filter banks and half-band filters based on the techniques
presented
4. To Utilize MATLAB for signal analysis and digital filter design
UNIT-I
Review of fundamentals of Multirate systems: Decimation by a integer factor D, Interpolation by a
integer factor L, Time- and frequency-domain representation and analysis of decimated and interpolated
signals, Efficient structures for decimation and interpolation filters, Sampling rate conversion by a
rational factor I/D, Inter connection of building blocks, polyphase representation, Multi stage
implementation of sampling-rate conversion, Applications of Multirate systems.
UNIT-II
Multirate Filter banks: Digital filter banks, Uniform DFT filter banks, Polyphase implementation of
Uniform filter banks.
Nyquist filters: Lth-band filters, half band filters, Half-band High pass filter, Window Design of Half-band
Filter, Interpolation and decimation with Low Pass Half-band Filters, Design of Linear-phase Lth band
FIR filters, Relation between Lth-Band filters and power complementary filters.
UNIT-III
Quadrature- Mirror Filter banks: The filter bank structure, Analysis of Two channel QMF bank,
Errors in the QMF bank, Alias free filter banks, Alias-free realization, Alias-free FIR QMF bank, Alias-
free IIR QMF bank, perfect reconstruction(PR) two-channel FIR filter bank, Alias-free L-channel filter
bank.
UNIT-IV
Multilevel Filter Banks: polyphase representation, Condition for perfect reconstruction,
Cosine-Modulated L-channel filter banks, prototype low pass filter design, Multilevel filter banks-filter
with equal and unequal pass band widths.
UNIT-V
Wavelets and its applications: Introduction to wavelet Theory, wavelet transform, Definition and
properties, Continuous Wavelet Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform, Application of Wavelets in
signal processing.
Suggested Readings:
1. Mitra SK “Digital Signal Processing. A Computer Approach.” TMH, 3/E, 2006.
2. Vidyanathan PP, “Multi-rate Systems and Filter Banks,” Pearson Education, 2008.
3. Emmanuel C, Ifeachor and Barrie W Jervis, “Digital Signal Processing: A Practical
Approach,”2/e, Pearson Education, 2004.
4. Bruce W Suter, “Multi-rate and Wavelet Signal Processing.” Volume 8, Academic Press, 1998.
EC414 Effect from the academic year 2017 - 2018
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS
(Elective-1)
Instruction 4 Periods per week Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objectives:
1. Learn Application Specific IC (ASIC) fundamentals
2. Describe FPGA
3. Calculate power consumption of designed IC
4. Understand Interconnection, Placement and Routing schemes.
5. Learn Verification and testing schemes.
UNIT I
Introduction to ASIC’s: Types of ASIC’s, ASIC design flow, Economies of ASIC’s,
Programmable ASIC’s: CPLD and FPGA. Commercially available CPLD’s and FPGA’s:
XILINX, ALTERA, ACTEL. FPGA Design cycle, Implementation tools: Simulation and
synthesis, Programming technologies. Applications of FPGAs
UNIT II
FPGA logic cell for XILINX, ALTERA and ACTEL ACT, Technology trends,
Programmable I/O blocks, FPGA interconnect: Routing resources, Elmore’s constant, RC
delay and parasitic capacitance, FPGA design flow, Dedicated Specialized components of
FPGAs
UNIT III
FPGA physical design, CAD tools, Power dissipation, FPGA Partitioning, Partitioning
methods. Floor planning: Goals and objectives, I/O, Power and clock planning, Low-level
design entry.
UNIT IV
Placement: Goals and objectives, Placement algorithms: Min-cut based placement, Iterative
Improvement and simulated annealing.
Routing, introduction, Global routing: Goals and objectives, Global routing methods, Back-
annotation. Detailed Routing: Goals and objectives, Channel density, Segmented channel
routing, Maze routing, Clock and power routing, Circuit extraction and DRC.
UNIT V
Verification and Testing: Verification: Logic simulation, Design validation, Timing
verification. Testing concepts: Failures, Mechanism and faults, Fault coverage.
Testing concepts: failures, mechanisms and faults, fault coverage, ATPG methods, and
programmability failures.
Suggested Reading:
1. Pak and Chan, Samiha Mourad, Digital Design using Field Programmable Gate
Arrays, Pearson Education, 1st edition, 2009.
2. Michael John Sebastian Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Pearson
Education Asia, 3rd
edition 2001.
3. S. Trimberger, Edr, Field Programmable Gate Array Technology, Kluwer Academic
Publications, 1994.
4. John V.Oldfield, Richard C Dore, Field Programmable Gate Arrays, Wiley
Publications.
EC 415
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
(Elective-I)
Instruction 4 Periods per week Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objectives
1. To understand the functioning of biological neuron and its electronic implementation.
2. To learn different training algorithms in training neural networks.
3. To understand the concepts of pattern recognition and pattern association as applied to
neural networks.
Unit I
Description of biological neuron, Different neuron models, Mcculloch pitts neuron model,
Perceptron and Adaline neuron, Basic learning laws: Hebb's law, Pesceptron, delta, widrow
and Hoff LMS, correlation, winner take and outstar learning.
Unit II
Activation and synaptic dynamics of neural networks: Additive, shunting and stochastic
activation models. Requirements of learning laws, Distinction between the activation and
synaptic dynamics models several categories of learning methods. Recall in Neural networks.
Unit III
Different neural network models and their applications pattern association, pattern storage
(LTM & STM), Pattern clustering and feature map, Neural network memory: Hetro
associative, Interpolative and auto associative.
Unit IV
Feed forward neural networks, multi layer neural network with linear and non linear
Processing units. Peceptron neural networks solution of xoR problem, pesceptron learning
law. Pesceptron convergence theorem, Back propagation learning rule, Features of Back
propagation, and limitations of and extensions of Back Propagation rule.
Unit V
Feedback Neural networks, Linear auto associative feed forward and feedback networks.
Hopfield network, capacity and energy analysis of Hopfield neural network . Stochastic
neuron, Boltzmann machine, Boltzman learning law, Issues in Implementation of Boltzman
learning law.
Suggested Reading:
1. B. Yeganaranarana, Artificial Neural Networks, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2007.
2. J.A.Freeman and D.M.Skapura, Neural Networks Algorithms, Applications and Programming
Techniques, Addison Wesley, New York, 1999.
3. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks (A Comprehensive Foundation), McMillan College
Publishing Company, New York, 1994.
EC 421 w.e.f academic year 2017-2018
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(Elective - II)
Instruction 4 Periods per week
DurationofUniversityExamination 3 Hours
UniversityExamination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course objectives:
1. To learn about fundamentals of the embedded system design
2. To understand the Programming model and instruction set of ARM Processor..
3. To acquire knowledge on the serial, parallel and network communication protocols.
4. To understand the embedded system design life cycle and co-design issues.
5. To learn about the various embedded software development tools.
6. To design the embedded system for various applications.
UNIT –I Introduction To Embedded Systems:
Classification, Embedded Processor in a system, Embedded Hardware and Software: Processor
embedded into a system, Processor selection for Embedded System, Embedded System-On–Chip, Design process in Embedded System, Characteristics and quality attributes of embedded
systems, Design metrics and challenges in Embedded System design.
UNIT-II The Arm Processor Fundamentals and Instruction set:
RISC concepts with ARM Processors, Registers, Current Program status register, pipeline
,Exception, Exceptions, Conditional execution, Interrupts and vector table, Core extensions,
Architectural Revisions, Arm processors Families.
Introduction to ARM Instruction Set:
Data processing instructions, Branch instructions, Data transfer instructions , Software interrupt,
and Program status register instructions.
UNIT-III Serial Bus Communication protocols:
I2C, CAN, USB, Fire wire-IEEE 1394 Bus standard, advanced serial high speed buses. Parallel
Bus device protocols: ISA, PCI, PCI-X , ARM Bus, Advanced parallel high speed buses. Internet
Enabled Systems-Network protocols: HTTP, TCP/IP, Ethernet.
UNIT-IV Embedded System design and co-design issues in system development process, Design cycle in the development phase for an Embedded Systems.Embedded software development tools: Host and Target Machines, Linker/Locators for embedded software, Embedded Software into the Target system.
UNIT-V
Integration and testing of embedded hardware, testing methods, debugging techniques,
Laboratory tools and target hardware debugging: Logic Analyzer, simulator, emulator and In
circuit emulator, IDE, RTOS Characteristics, Case Study: Embedded Systems design for
automatic vending machines and digital camera.
Suggested Reading: 1. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems-Architecture, Programming andDesign,” 2/e, TMH,
2012.
2. Shibu K V, “Introduction to Embedded systems”, 1/e, McGraw Hill Education, 2009.
3. David E.Simon, “An Embedded software primer,” Pearson Education, 2004.
4. Steve Furber, “ARM System on chip Architecture,” 2/e, Pearson Education.
5. Andrew N.Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright,”ARM SYSTEM Developer’s Guide
Designing and Optimizing System Software” Elsevier 2015
EC 422 Effect from the academic year 2017 - 2018
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES
(Elective - II)
Instruction 4 Periods per week
DurationofUniversityExamination 3 Hours
UniversityExamination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objective:
This course reviews the various transforms in Digital Signal Processing and introduces precision
requirements and errors associated with DSP’s. This course also introduces the Architectures of
Texas Instruments and Analog Devices Digital Signal Processors. This course also introduces the
Interfacing of Memory and I/O Peripherals to DSP’s.
UNIT-I
Introduction to Digital signal-processing system, The sampling process, Discrete time sequences.
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant
systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation.
Computational Accuracy in DSP Implementations: Number formats for signals and coefficients
in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D
Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.
UNIT- II:
Architectures for Programmable DSP Devices Basic Architectural features, DSP
Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities,
Address Generation Unit, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed Issues, Features for
External interfacing.
UNIT - III:
Programmable Digital Signal Processors Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data
Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX
Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX
instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors,
Pipeline Operation of TMS320C54XX Processors.
UNIT- IV:
Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices – ALU and
MAC block diagram, Shifter Instruction, Base Architecture of ADSP 2100, ADSP-2181 high
performance Processor.
Introduction to Blackfin Processor - The Blackfin Processor, Introduction to Micro Signal
Architecture, Overview of Hardware Processing Units and Register files, Address Arithmetic
Unit, Control Unit, Bus Architecture and Memory, Basic Peripherals.
UNIT-V:
Interfacing to DSP Devices Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripherals to Programmable DSP
Devices :Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface,
Parallel I/O interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).
Suggested Reading:
1. Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, “Digital Signal Processing Implementations Using DSP
Microprocessors – with Examples from TMS320C54xx”, CENGAGE Learning, India
edition, 2008.
2. Amy Mar, “Digital Signal Processing Applications” Using the ADSP-2100 Family by
The Applications Engineering Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, PHI.
3. B.Venkataramani andM. Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming
and Applications, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd edition, 2002.
4. Phil Lapsley, Jeff Bier, Amit Shoham, Edward A. Lee, “DSP Processor Fundamentals,
Architectures & Features”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 3rd
Edition, 2010.
EC 423 With effect from Academic Year 2017-18
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
(ELECTIVE –II)
Instruction 4 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the classical optimization techniques
2. To study search methods and Descent methods.
3. To learn genetic algorithms
UNIT I
Use of optimization methods. Introduction to classical optimization techniques, motivation to
the simplex method, simplex algorithm, sensitivity analysis.
UNIT II
Search methods - Unrestricted search, exhaustive search, Fibonocci method, Golden section
method, Direct search method, Random search methods, Univariate method, simplex method,
Pattern search method.
UNIT III
Descent methods, Gradient of function, steepest decent method, conjugate gradient method.
Characteristics of constrained problem, Direct methods, The complex method, cutting plane
method.
UNIT IV
Review of a global optimization techniques such as Monte Carlo method, Simulated
annealing and Tunneling algorithm.
UNIT V
Generic algorithm - Selection process, Crossover, Mutation, Schema theorem, comparison
between binary and floating point implementation.
Suggested Reading
1. SS Rao, “Optimization techniques”, PHI, 1989.
2. Zhigmiew Michelewicz, “Genetic algorithms + data structures = Evaluation programs”, Springer Verlog, 1992.
3. Merrium C. W., “Optimization theory and the design of feedback control systems”, McGraw Hill, 1964.
4. Weldo D.J., “Optimum seeking method”, PHI, 1964.
EC 424
SYSTEM AUTOMATION AND CONTROL
(Elective - II)
Instruction 4 Periods per week
DurationofUniversityExamination 3 Hours
UniversityExamination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Course objectives:
1. To appreciate the role of automation in industries.
2. To learn the various automation techniques and the different ways it can be applied.
3. To have a basic idea of robotic process automation
UNIT-I
Introduction to automation. Role of automation in industries. Process/machine pyramid. Sensors
and actuators. Sensor characteristics. Levels of industrial automation. Functions of each level.
Hierarchical structure of industrial automation systems. Automatic control and supervisory
control and their differences.
UNIT-II
Data acquisition and Signal conditioning, ADC architecture and performance parameters ,
various signal conditioning modules. Use of data acquisition Criteria to choose suitable data
acquisition equipment. Measurement systems structure. Temperature, torque, low and high
pressure guages, force and flow measurements. Applications- heat exchanger, reactor, flow
control in temperature, composition, level and pressure.
UNIT-III
Introduction to systems: Measurement and control. Basic system models. Mathematical models.
Mechanical system building blocks, Electrical system building blocks, Fluid system building
blocks and Thermal system building blocks. Engineering systems: Rotational – translational,
Electromechanical, hydraulic-mechanical.
UNIT-IV
Dynamic responses of systems, system transfer functions, frequency response, closed loop
controllers. Microcontroller basics, architecture, hardware interfacing,programming a
microcontroller. Programmable logic controllers: basic structure, input/output processing,
programming, selection of a PLC.
UNIT-V
Motion control and robotics: concepts of motion control system and real world applications.
Components of a motion control system. Motion controller, Motors and mechanical elements,
move types, Motor amplifiers and drives. Feedback devices and motion input/output.
Suggested Readings:
1. W. Bolton, “Mechatronics: Electronic control systems in mechanical and electrical
Engineering,” 3/e, Pearson Education, 2008.
2. S. Mukhopadhyay,S.Sen and A.K. Deb, “Industrial Instrumentation, Control and
Automation, Jaico Publishing House, 2013
3. Robert A. Witte, “Electronic Test Instruments: Analog and Digital Measurements,” 2/e,
Pearson Education, 2002.
4. Dan Necsulescu, “Mechatronics,” 1/e, Pearson Education, 2002.
5. De Silva, “Mechatronics,” First Indian Reprint 2013, Sesi (Taylor & Francis), Yesdee
Publications.
EC 425 W.e.f Academic year 2017-2018
INTERNET OF THINGS
(Elective -I)
Instruction 4 Periods per week
DurationofUniversityExamination 3 Hours
UniversityExamination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
UNIT 1: The Internet of Things: An Overview
The flavour of the Internet of Things , The Technology of the Internet of Things, Design
Principles for Connected Devices, Calm and Ambient Technology, Privacy Web Thinking for
Connected Devices
IoT Applications – Smart Cities, Smart Energy and Smart Grid, Smart Transportation and
Mobility, Smart House, Smart buildings and Infrastructure Smart Factory and smart
Manufacturing, Smart health, Food and Water tracking
IoT and related future technologies – Cloud Computing, Semantic technologies, Autonomy,
Properties of autonomic IoT systems
UNIT 2: Internet Principles and communication technology
Internet Communications: An Overview – IP,TCP, IP protocol Suite, UDP. IP addresses – DNS,
Static and Dynamic IP addresses, MAC Addresses, TCP and UDP Ports, Application Layer
Protocols – HTTP,HTTPS
Communication technology, IoT services and Processes, Data management –Data collection and
analysis, Big Data.
UNIT 3 - IOT System Design
Cost Vs Ease of Production, Prototypes and Production, Open Source Vs Closed Source.
Prototyping Embedded Devices – Sensors, Actuators, Microcontrollers, SoC, Choosing a
platformPrototyping Hardware platforms – Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beaglebone Black, Wyzbee.
Prototyping the physical design – Laser Cutting, 3D printing, CNC Milling
Device Level Energy Issues – Low power communication, Energy Harvesting
UNIT 4 – API Development and Embedded programming
Getting started with API, Writing a new API, Real time Reactions, Other Protocols, Techniques
for writing embedded code:Memory management, Performance and Battery Life, Libraries,
Debugging.
IoT Systems- Logical Design using Python, Physical Devices and Endpoints, Programming
Raspberry Pi with Python
UNIT 5 – Cloud computing and Data analytics and IoT Product Manufacturing
Introduction to Cloud storage models and Communication APIs, Amazon web services for IoT,
Skynet IoT Messaging Platform. Introduction to Data Analytics for IoT
Case studies illustrating IoT Design – Smart Lighting, Weather Monitoring, Smart Irrigation
Business model for IoT product manufacturing, IoT Startups, Mass manufacturing, Ethical issues
in IoT
Suggested Readings:
1. Adrian McEwen and Hakim Cassimally, Designing the Internet of Things. Wiley India
Publishers.
2. Dr. OvidiuVermesan and Dr. Peter Friess, Internet of Things: Converging Technologies
for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems, River Publishers
3. Vijay Madisetti and ArshdeepBahga, Internet of Things (A Hands-on-Approach), VPT
Publisher, 1st Edition, 2014