Scania E-mobility- batteries and fuel cells
30 March 2017, Lund University
Hedvig ParadisElectrification and Hybrid PowertrainResearch and Development
2017-03-30
Who am i?
• MSc Mechanical Engineering, LTH
• PhD Heat transfer, LTH and UC Berkeley
• Simulation engineer, Scania
• Project manager, Scania
Hedvig Paradis, Electric and Hybrid Technology, Scania
My research - Sketch porous parts of SOFC
My Research- Porous domain in 3D
Introduction of Euro 6 engines
Export started New Strategy
125 yearsof history
1891 18971900
19111920
1930
First industrial engine
First busBankruptcy
Buses main product
Scania established in Malmö
Company founded
First car
First truck
1902
Last red figures
19341940s1950s
Factory in 1957Brazil
1964Netherlands1976
Argentina
1992 France
1993 Poland
1995 Mexico
20002007
2010
2015
Factory in St Petersburg
Scania present in India
New R-series is “Truck of the year”
2011
100 years since the first bus delivery
Truck factory in India
Bus factory in India
Launch Streamline and Euro 6 engines
2013
Launch Next Generation Scania
2016
1905
Scania at a glimpse
Buses
6,779Trucks
69,762
Engines
8,485
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Three heavy duty Vehilces arenas with very different needs
Flows in and between cities
Flows in the processing
industry
Logisticsflows
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2016
At RoD3,500 employees
500 consultants
Turnover: ~MSEK 6,900.
R&D investments 2002-2015~SEK 400 MSEK / year
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Electric and hybrid powertrain technology
Energy storage and Fuel cells
Electric machines and Power electronics
Project and VehicleCoordination
System functionality
Performance and System Integration
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Our approach to sustainable transport
Smartertransport
Energy efficiency
Alternative fuels and
electrification
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DISRUPTIVE TRENDS THAT WILL TRANSFORM OUR INDUSTRY
AUTONOMOUSCONNECTED ELECTRIFIED
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How to bridge the gap
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ELECTRIFICATION
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• LBG low blended with hydrogen
• Electro fuel
• Biofuel hybrid
• Electric with batteries
• Electric with fuel cell and hydrogen
• Electrified road
• Biodiesel and HVO
• Biodiesel and HVO hybrid
• Biogas
• Ethanol
• LNG
Sustainable technologies
Today tomorrow
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Electrified transport
BEVeRoadHEV
InductivePHEV
HEVintro 2014
HEVIntro 2015
Implementation OF new technology
Infra-structure
Vehicles Legislation
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Electric road
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Electric road
Wireless FAST charging25
BATTERies AND Fuel CELLS
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• A fuel cell (FC) is a device that continuously converts the chemical energy from a hydrogen based fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with an oxidizing agent
• In a battery the chemicals present in the battery react with each other to generate electricity
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Fundamental difference betweenfuel cells and batteries
Energy storages
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EDLCNiMH
Li-Ion Post Li-Ion
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Lithium-ion battery cell format
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Cylindrical Prismatic
Pros:•Cost•Established production•Mechanical integrity •Chemical integrity•Overpressure handling
Pros:•Heat distribution•Mechanical integrity •Chemical integrity•Packing in modules
http://www.a123systems.com/ http://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/090519a.html
Pouch
Pros:•Heat distribution•Packing in modules•Cost•Weight
Lithium-ion battery cell size
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Small Large
Pros:•Low cost•Availability•Uniform temperature distribution•Distributed energy
Pros:•Lower number of cells•Less parallel coupled cells•Less supervision electronics
Battery cell – type of usage
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Power optimized Energy optimized
Pros:•High power density•Cycle life•Good heat transfer
Pros:•High energy density•Cost•Number of cell suppliers
Battery system cooling
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Separate system Combined system
Pros:•Cooling power•Choice of battery cell•Established design•Heating capability
Pros:•Simpler design•System cost•Cooling power•Heating capability
AirLiquid
Pros:•Simpler design•Weight•Reliability•Cost
Battery System Heavy-duty vs. Light-duty
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Fuel Cells
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17 January 2017
Info class internal Department / Name / Subject 38
17 January 2017
Info class internal Department / Name / Subject 40
vehicle aspects
• Infrastructure of hydrogen
• H2 on the vehicle
− tanks
− purity of gas
− safety
• FC developed for passenger vehicles
• Heavy duty vehicles needs:
− Increased capacity
− Several stacks
− Fueling time
How do we choose different solutions?
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Testing
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Input
Matlab Simulink model2017-03-30 Hedvig Paradis, Electric and Hybrid Technology, Scania 46
Output
Vehicle specificationDriving cycleComponent specificationsand models…
Component load profile(battery, electric machine, inverter …)Component power lossesEnergy consumption…
Vehiclemodel
Control system
Driver model
Choice of vehicle conceptLife time estimationTesting input …
• Electric machine• Battery• ICE• Inverter• …
• Energy strategy• Gear change strategy• …
simulation
Why vehicle simulation?
• Choose vehicle concept:
− energy consumption and electric driving range,
− test functionality
− performance
− typical applications
• Dimension components
• SAVE testing time and cost
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Example: Opportunity charge BEV bus application
• Bus depot – End stop & End stop – Bus depot: Suburban driving cycle
• End stop – End stop: Urban driving cycle
• Fast charge: 3 to 7 min
• Night charge: ca 4 hours
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Discuss with yourneighbour
Which bus charging concept will prevail in 5 years from now?
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Opportunity charge
Charging at end stop
Depot charge Night charge
Charging at depot at lunch time and during night
Charging at depot during night
Weight of a battery system for a full day of operationis comparable to all the passengers in the bus
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B I G B A T T E R Y
Example: BEV Bus
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B I G B A T T E R Y
Truck 40 ton @ 200.000 km/yEnergy consumption per year: 600.000 kWh/yDaily travel: 650km/dayEnergy consumption per day: 2000 kWhElectric propulsion reduce energy with 50%Battery system, cycling capacity: 50Wh/kgComplete battery system, weight: 20.000 kg
Example: Long haulage truck
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BEV Bus Battery system cost example
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Chalmers – Anders Grauers
How is the electricity produced?
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Smarter transport
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Facilitate energy efficiency
Longer vehicles
Aerodynamic
vehicles
Heaviervehicles
Platooning
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Currently 183,000 connected vehicles
Driving over 30,000laps around the world every month
Prepare for connected and autonomous vehicles
Prepare for connected and autonomous vehicles
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This is how we move forward
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Thank you for your attention
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