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Scaling the Netflix API
Daniel Jacobson@daniel_jacobson
http://www.linkedin.com/in/danieljacobsonhttp://www.slideshare.net/danieljacobson
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Please read the notes associated with each slide for
the full context of the presentation
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What do I mean by “scale”?
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But There Are Many Ways to Scale!
OrganizationSystems
Devices
Development
Testing
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But first, some background…
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Global Streaming Videofor TV Shows and Movies
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More than 36 Million Subscribers
More than 40 Countries
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Netflix Accounts for 33% of Peak Internet Traffic in North America
Netflix subscribers are watching more than 1 billion hours a month
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2007
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Netflix REST API:One-Size-Fits-All (OSFA)
Solution
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Image courtesy of Jay Mac 3 on Flickr
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Netflix API Requests by AudienceAt Launch In 2008
External Developers
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Image courtesy of Jay Mac 3 on Flickr
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Netflix API Requests by AudienceFrom 2011
External Developers
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Global Streaming Product
Three aspects of the Streaming Product:• Discovery• Sign-Up• Streaming
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Member Sign-Up
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Discovery
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Discovery
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Today, Netflix API Supports Discovery and Sign-Up
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But Soon, Will Support Streaming
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Scaling…
OrganizationSystems
Devices
Development
Testing
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Distributed Architecture
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1000+ Device Types
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies Reviews A/B Test
Engine
Dozens of Dependencies
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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http://www.slideshare.net/reed2001/culture-1798664
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Scaling…
OrganizationSystems
Devices
Development
Testing
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System Resiliency
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Distributed Architecture
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Dependency Relationships
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2,000,000,000Requests Per Day to the
Netflix API
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30Distinct Dependent
Services for the Netflix API
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14,000,000,000Netflix API Calls Per Day to those Dependent Services
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0Dependent Services with
100% SLA
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99.99% = 99.7%30
0.3% of 2B = 6M failures per day
2+ Hours of Downtime Per Month
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99.99% = 99.7%30
0.3% of 2B = 6M failures per day
2+ Hours of Downtime Per Month
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99.9% = 97%30
3% of 2B = 60M failures per day
20+ Hours of Downtime Per Month
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Circuit Breaker Dashboard
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Call Volume and Health / Last 10 Seconds
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Call Volume / Last 2 Minutes
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Successful Requests
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Successful, But Slower Than Expected
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Short-Circuited Requests, Delivering Fallbacks
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Timeouts, Delivering Fallbacks
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Thread Pool & Task Queue Full, Delivering Fallbacks
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Exceptions, Delivering Fallbacks
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Error Rate# + # + # + # / (# + # + # + # + #) = Error Rate
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Status of Fallback Circuit
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Requests per Second, Over Last 10 Seconds
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SLA Information
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
Fallback
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Personalization
EngineUser Info Movie
MetadataMovie Ratings
Similar Movies
API
Reviews A/B Test Engine
Fallback
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System Infrastructure
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AWS Cloud
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Autoscaling
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Autoscaling
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Forced Failure
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Global System
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More than 36 Million Subscribers
More than 40 Countries
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ZuulGatekeeper for the Netflix Streaming Application
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Zuul
• Multi-Region Resiliency
• Insights• Stress Testing• Canary Testing• Dynamic Routing
• Load Shedding• Security• Static Response
Handling• Authentication
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Isthmus
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Scaling…
OrganizationSystems
Devices
Development
Testing
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Screen Real Estate
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Controller
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Technical Capabilities
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One-Size-Fits-AllAPI
Request
RequestRequest
Request
Request
Request
RequestRequest
Request
Request
RequestRequest
Request
Request
Request
Request
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Scaling…
OrganizationSystems
Devices
Development
Testing
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Courtesy of South Florida Classical Review
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Resource-Based API
vs.
Experience-Based API
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Resource-Based Requests
• /users/<id>/ratings/title• /users/<id>/queues• /users/<id>/queues/instant• /users/<id>/recommendations• /catalog/titles/movie• /catalog/titles/series• /catalog/people
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REST API
RECOMMENDATIONS
MOVIE DATA
SIMILAR MOVIES
AUTH MEMBERDATA
A/B TESTS
START-UP
RATINGS
Network Border Network Border
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RECOMMENDATIONS
MOVIE DATA
SIMILAR MOVIES
AUTH MEMBERDATA
A/B TESTS
START-UP
RATINGS
OSFA API
Network Border Network Border
SERVER CODE
CLIENT CODE
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RECOMMENDATIONS
MOVIE DATA
SIMILAR MOVIES
AUTH MEMBERDATA
A/B TESTS
START-UP
RATINGS
OSFA API
Network Border Network Border
DATA GATHERING,FORMATTING,AND DELIVERY
USER INTERFACERENDERING
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Experience-Based Requests
• /ps3/homescreen
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JAVA API
Network Border Network Border
RECOMMENDATIONS
MOVIE DATA
SIMILAR MOVIES
AUTH MEMBERDATA
A/B TESTS
START-UP
RATINGS
Groovy Layer
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RECOMMENDATIONSA
ZXSXX C CCC
MOVIE DATA
SIMILAR MOVIES
AUTH MEMBERDATA
A/B TESTS
START-UP
RATINGS
JAVA API
SERVER CODE
CLIENT CODE
CLIENT ADAPTER CODE(WRITTEN BY CLIENT TEAMS, DYNAMICALLY UPLOADED TO SERVER)
Network Border Network Border
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RECOMMENDATIONSA
ZXSXX C CCC
MOVIE DATA
SIMILAR MOVIES
AUTH MEMBERDATA
A/B TESTS
START-UP
RATINGS
JAVA API
DATA GATHERING
DATA FORMATTINGAND DELIVERY
USER INTERFACERENDERING
Network Border Network Border
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Scaling…
OrganizationSystems
Devices
Development
Testing
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Dependency Relationships
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Testing Philosophy:
Act Fast, React Fast
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That Doesn’t Mean We Don’t Test
• Unit tests
• Functional tests
• Regression scripts
• Continuous integration
• Capacity planning
• Load / Performance tests
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Cloud-Based Deployment Techniques
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
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Single Canary InstanceTo Test New Code with Production Traffic
(around 1% or less of traffic)
Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
Error!
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
Perfect!
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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Error!
Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
Perfect!
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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Current Code
In Production
API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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API Requests from the Internet
New Code
Getting Prepared for Production
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https://www.github.com/Netflix
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Scaling the Netflix API
Daniel Jacobson@daniel_jacobson
http://www.linkedin.com/in/danieljacobsonhttp://www.slideshare.net/danieljacobson
HelpWanted!