Download - Satellite System
SATELLITE SYSTEM
Course: Introduction to RS & DIP
Mirza Muhammad WaqarContact:
[email protected]+92-21-34650765-79 EXT:2257
RG610
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Contents
Satellite Remote sensing Remote Sensing Process Sensor types Major satellites system Resolutions
Low Resolution Satellite Systems Medium Resolution Satellite Systems High Resolution Satellite Systems
Satellite Orbits
Polar orbiting, sun synchronous.‐ ‐ approx 800 900 km altitude, 90 100 minutes/ orbit, round ‐ ‐
the Earth in a polar direction and with each orbit pass over the equator about 30 degree west of the previous orbit.
Geostationary (geo synchronous).‐ approx 35,900 km altitude, 24 hrs/orbit stationary relative to Earth. traveling at the same speed as the rotation of the Earth.
Characterizing the Resolutions
With respect to Spatial resolution:o High spatial resolution: < 4 mo Medium spatial resolution: 4 m 30 m‐o Low spatial resolution: > 30 m With respect to Spectral resolution:o High spectral resolution: > 15 bandso Medium spectral resolution: 3 15 bands‐o Low spectral resolution: < 3 bands With respect to Temporal resolution:o High temporal resolution: < 3 dayso Medium temporal resolution: 3 16 days‐o Low temporal resolution: > 16 days
High Resolution Satellite Systems Sensors
Satellite/ Sensor
Ikonos Space Imaging, USA
SPOT France
Quick Bird Digital Globe, USA
GeoEye 1 GeoEye, USA
World-View 1 Digital Globe, USA
OrbView-3 OrbImage, USA
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Ikonos
System IkonosOrbit Sun‐synchronous, 681 kmSensor Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA)Swath 11 kmRevisit Time 1‐3 daysSpectral Bands (µm)
0.45‐0.52 (1), 0.52‐0.60 (2), 0.63‐0.69 (3), 0.76‐0.90 (4),0.45‐.90(PAN)
Spatial Resolution
1 m (PAN), 4 m (bands 1‐4)
System Ikonos
Orbit Sun synchronous, 681 km‐Sensor Optical Sensor Assembly (OSA)
Swath 11 km
Revisit Time 1 3 days‐Spectral Bands (µm)
0.45 0.52 (1), 0.52 0.60 (2), 0.63‐ ‐ ‐0.69 (3), 0.76 0.90 ‐(4),0.45 .90(PAN)‐
Spatial Resolution
1 m (PAN), 4 m (bands 1 4)‐
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Ikonos image
1m IKONOS view of Dubai
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Ikonos Image
1m IKONOS pan image of Rome
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SPOT
SPOT (Systeme Pour l’ Observation de la Terre)• SPOT 1 launched 1986, decommissioned and the
reactivated in 1997• SPOT 2 launched 1990, still going • SPOT 3 launched 1993 and stopped functioning 1996• SPOT 4 launched in 1998, still going• SPOT 5 launched in 2002
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SPOT series
Satellite Launched Sensors Revisit(nadir Viewing)
SPOT 1 1 Feb 1986 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days
SPOT 2 Dec 1990 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days
SPOT 3 Sept 1993 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days
SPOT 4 March 1998 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days
SPOT 5 May 2002 HRV1 & HRV 2 26 days
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SPOT
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SPOT 5 Satellite Image - Manchar, Pakistan
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Medium Resolution Satellite Systems and Sensors
Satellite / Sensor
Landsat National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA
MODIS NASA, USA
ASTER NASA, USA
IRS India
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LANDSAT
First started by NASA in 1972 but later turned over to NOAA.
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LANDSAT series
Satellite Launched Status Sensor Revisit
LANDSAT 1 July 23, 1972 expired, January 6, 1978
RBV, MSS 18 days
LANDSAT 2 January 22, 1975 expired, February 5, 1982
RBV, MSS 18 days
LANDSAT 3 March 5,1978 expired, March 31, 1983
RBV, MSS 18 days
LANDSAT 4 July 16 ,1982 decommissioned, June 15, 2001
TM, MSS 16 days
LANDSAT 5 March 1, 1984 TM still operational! MSS instrument decommissioned
TM, MSS 16 days
LANDSAT 6 October 5, 1993 Lost at launch ETM
LANDSAT 7 April 15,1999 operational despite Scan Line Corrector
(SLC) failure May 31, 2003
ETM+ 16 days
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LANDSAT 7
System Landsat‐7Orbit Sun synchronous, 705 km‐Sensor ETM + (Enhanced Thematic Mapper)
Swath 185 km
Revisit Time 16 days
Spectral Band (µm) 0.45 0.52 (1), 0.52 0.60 (2), 0.63‐ ‐ ‐0.69 (3),0.76 0.90 (4), 1.55‐ ‐1.75 (5), 10.4 12.5(6), 2.08‐ ‐2.34(7), 0.50 0.90 (PAN)‐
Spatial Resolution
15 m (PAN), 30 m (bands 1‐5, 7), 60 m (band 6)
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Spectral band of Landsat
1 0.45 0.52 ‐(Blue)
Coastal water mapping, sediment mapping, pollution & haze detection
2 0.52 0.60 ‐(Green)
Chlorophyll reflectance peak, vegetation species mapping, vegetation stress
3 0.63 0.69 ‐(Red)
Chlorophyll absorption, plant species differentiation, biomass content
4 0.76 0.90 ‐(NIR
Vegetation species and stress, biomass content, soil moisture
5 1.55 1.75 ‐(SWIR)
Vegetation soil delineation, urban area mapping, snow cloud differentiation‐ ‐
6 10.4 12.5 ‐(TIR)
Vegetation stress analysis soil moisture and evapotranspiration mapping, surface temperature mapping
7 2.08 2.34 ‐(SWIR
Mineral and rock type mapping, water body delineation, ‐vegetation moisture content mapping
8 0.50 0.90 ‐(PAN)
Medium scale topographic mapping, image sharpening, snow‐ ‐cover classification
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LANDSAT Imagery
shows wetlands, urban, open water, forest
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Low Resolution Satellite Systems
Geostationary
Meteosat European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)
GOES United States' National Weather Service (NWS) operations, NOA
GMS The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) and the Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan
Polar orbiting
NOAA Series NOAA, USA
Feng Yun Series (polar orbiting)
China Meteorological Administration, China
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Meteosat
Meteosat
Geostationary meteorological satellites Operator: EUMETSAT Start of Program: 1977
Three Phases:• –Meteosat Operational Program (MOP) 1977 1995‐• –Meteosat Transition Program(MTP)1995 2004‐• –Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) 2004 onwards Current satellite Meteosat 9 (MSG 2)‐ ‐
Meteosat
System Meteosat 8‐Orbit Geostationary
Sensor SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced VIS and IR Imager)
Swath Full Earth Disc
Revisit Time 15 minutes
Spectral Bands (µm)
0.5 0.9 (PAN), 0.6, 0.8 (VIS), 1.6, 3.9 (IR), 6.2, 7.3 ‐(Water Vapor (WV)), 8.7, 9.7, 10.8, 12.0, 13.4 (TIR)
Spatial Resolution
1 km (PAN), 3 km (all other bands)
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Meteosat imagery
West Africa dust storm
Spatial, Spectral & Temporal Resolution
Spatial, Spectral & Temporal Resolution
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Questions & Discussion