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SANITATION & HYGIENE
PROMOTION IN EMERGENCY
SITUATION - WITH SPECIAL
EMPHASIS ON NWFP IDP’s
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NWFP IDP EMERGENCY
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UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
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Gender wise Distribution
Male,
28960, 51%Female,
28168, 49%
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Age wise distribution
> 6
0 y
ears
, 1231, 2
%
18-59 years,
19964, 35%
< 5 years,
10810, 19%
5-11 years,
17129, 30%
12-17 years,
7987, 14%
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Breakdown by Age
Above 60
2%
B/w 12 and 17
14 %B/w18 and 59
41%
Below 5
16%
B/w 5 and 11
27%
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IDP’s in Camps and Off Camps
IDP’S IN CAMPS 200,000
IDP’S OFF CAMPS 2,400,000
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CAMP ESTABLISHMENT
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WATER SANITATION AND
HYGIENE (WASH) RESPONSE
IN CAMPS
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WASH Cluster
WASH Cluster is activated since August 2008, initially for
the NWFP Flood Emergency response. Later on the IDP
Emergency due to Conflict became the major Focus. So far
35 Coordination meetings have taken place in Peshawar.
There are more than 45 members in the WASH Cluster.
Recently Coordination mechanism has also been activated
in Districts Mardan and Swabi.
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WATER SUPPLY
• It is being ensured that safe drinking water supply, as
per SPHERE guidelines (minimum 15 lpcd), through
Tankering (75% IDPs) and tube wells (25%).
• Tue Wells/Bore holes construction are under process
to minimize Tankering.
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WATER SUPPLY- Response to
Emergency
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Water Supply-Response to
Emergency
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Water Supply Issues
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Sanitation
The means of collecting and disposing of excreta
and community liquid wastes in a hygienic way so
as not to endanger the health of individuals and the
community as a whole (WHO-1987).
Areas to be addressed:
1. To provide adequate excreta disposal for displaced
people.
2. Promotion of good excreta disposal practices
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Latrine – The first barrier
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Sphere Guidelines
Excreta disposal standard 1: access to, and
numbers of, toilets: People have adequate numbers
of toilets, sufficiently close to their dwellings, to allow
them rapid, safe and acceptable access at all times of
the day and night. max. of 20 per toilet.
Excreta disposal standard 2: design, construction
and use of toilets: Toilets are sited, designed,
constructed and maintained in such a way as to be
comfortable, hygienic and safe to use.
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Excreta Control and Disposal: Sanitation
Ladder
Family Latrines
VIP/pour flush Latrines
Direct drop Pit Latrines
Trench Latrines
Controlled Open Defecation Fields
Clean-up Programme through volunteers
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How should our latrine design
be?
1. Culturally acceptable
2. Affordable
3. Rapid construction
4. Maintainable
5. Easy to clean
6. Safety & protection
7. Fly/mosquito/(odour) control
8. Adapted and suitable for children, older folks, people with HIV Aids
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Sanitation- Response to IDP
Emergency.
• Sanitation & Hygiene promotion activities
(Construction of Pit Toilets, Bathing places, Washing
points, Solid Waste Collection points, Health Hygiene
promotion sessions, hygiene kits, buckets jerry cans
and other NFI’s distribution) as per SPHERE
guidelines are being provided.
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Sanitation- Response to
Emergencies
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Issues
1. Sudden and Huge Influx.
2. Operation & Maintenance.
3. Adaptation to the Camp Environment.
4. Behavior Change.
5. Natural Hazards.
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Field Issues
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Field Issues
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Field Issues: Behavior Change
1. The Overall Sanitation Coverage of NWFP is less
than 40 % (People are not used to Toilets!)
2. Since May 1, 2009 influx of IDP’s in Camps have
been more than 4000 persons per day.
3. In the present crisis there are some Camps with
number of IDP’s more than 50,000. Disease
outbreak is very rapid in congested environments.
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Behavior Change
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Results
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Issue.
Number of Acute Watery Diarrhea Cases witnessed a
sudden increase. Hand Pumps Water was highly
contaminated. Ground Water Table was very high.
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Response.
1. Through WHO/PCRWR immediately tested the Hand Pump
Water and found to be highly contaminated.
2. Through Government (LGRDD/TMA Mardan) immediately
removed the Hand Pumps.
3. Through UNICEF support started WASH interventions (Water
Tankering, Chlorination, installation of Solid Waste Collection
Mechanism, Health Hygiene Education etc).
4. TMA Mardan took responsibility for installation of Deep Bore
Hole and Outside Camp Solid Waste collection and disposal.
5. AWD was controlled within one week.
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Proportion of AWD cases at Sheikh
Yaseen IDP Camp, Mardan
Proportion of acute diarrhoea at Sheikh Yaseen IDP Camp, Mardan
(20-Aug to 12 Oct 2008)
27313030302930
25
15
3234
32
252119
14
2324
1919%25%
31%32%
24%
18%
26%26%
19%
8%12%
19%20%
11%
20%22%
41%42%35%
31%27%
62%
31%
16%24%23%21%
15%13%17%
21%
26%26%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Au
g-2
021
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sep
t-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1-O
ct
2-O
ct 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
Date
Pe
rce
nta
ge
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Long Live
Pakistan