Download - Sand Filtration
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Sand Filtration
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Tipe:
• Slow sand filtration• Rapid (gravity) sand filtration• Rapid (pressure) sand filtration
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Pengertian.?
• Sand filtration is a water purification process in which water is passed through a porous bed of filter medium– Slow sand filtration?– Rapid sand filtration?
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Parameter desain SSF
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Perbedaan?• Slow sand filters are distinguished from rapid sand filters by the
biologically active sand medium (including the Biofilm), and slow detention times.
• In a mature sand bed, a thin upper sand layer called a Schmutzedecke (Biofilm) forms. The Biofilm consists of biologically active microorganisms that break down organic matter while suspended inorganic matter is removed by straining.
• Rapid sand filters utilize primarily a physical removal process, are periodically backwashed for cleaning, and operate with long detention times.
• Slow sand filters are cleaned by periodically scraping the existing Biofilm.
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RAPID SAND FILTER SLOW SAND FILTER
• Effective size: 0.35-0.50 mm• Uniformity coefficient: >1.3/1.7• Filtration Rate : ~ 5 m3/m2.jam
• Effective size: 0.15-0.35 mm• Uniformity coefficient: 2-3• Filtration Rate : 0.1-0.2 m3/m2.jam
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Operasi
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Mekasnisme proses..
1. Mechanical, Phisical
2. Biological Lapisan Biofilm
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Backwash.
When is Backwashing Needed?• The head loss is so high that the filter no
longer produces water at the desired rate; (Filter Mampet)
• Floc starts to break through the filter and the turbidity in the filter effluent increases; (Effluent keruh)
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BackWash
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Expansion area = 20-50 % dari ketinggian bed filter