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Visual AnalysisArtist: UnknownTitle: Enthroned Madonna and ChildDate: 13th centuryMedium: tempera on panelCollection: National Gallery of ArtURL: http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/features/slideshows/byzantine-art-and-painting-in-italy-during-the-1200s-and-1300s.html#
THESIS: I found this painting on the National Gallery website, and I think it exemplifies both the Italo-Byzantine and Proto-Renaissance styles of painting.
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The Italo-Byzantine characteristics include the gold background, and the unrealistic sense of space
There is also very little modeling with light and shade: the Virgin's robes are defined by sharp gold linear patterns
The Virgin’s face looks like a typical Byzantine icon with her long thin nose, almond shaped eyes, and tiny mouth
The proportions of the figures are very unrealistic: they are tall, slender, and elongated
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But there is also the beginning of an interest in representing the Virgin more naturalistically, which makes this work Proto-Renaissance
The diagonal lines of the throne create a rudimentary sense of depth
the Virgin's knees project outward from the picture, making her seem more three-dimensional and physically real
There is also some modeling with light and shade on the Virgin's face, as well as on the Christ Child's face
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The painting reminds me of Cimabue's Santa Trinita Madonna, and seems to have a similar blend of old and new.
Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, c. 1280-1290