Download - Safety Awearness 2015 UK
Safety Awareness CourseCourse Instructor: Claus Thorberg Hansen
Agenda
• Introduction
• Break (when needed)
• Theory
• Protection and Escape Equipment
• Muster Exercise
• Course Evaluation and Presentation of Certificates
• Walkways
• Emergency Exit
• Fire and Evacuation Procedure
• Mobile Phones
• Smoking
• Toilet
Information
Short Presentation of Yourselves.
Suggested Topics:
• Your Occupation.
• Your Offshore/Onshore Oilfield
Experience.
Who are you?
• This training course will present the essential facts of the hidden dangers that can occur during work
• You will learn the measures to be taken to protect yourself and others
• Learn how …
Course Objectives
Safety Policies
What is a safety policy?
• A safety policy aims to secure a safe
and well functioning work
environment.
• The goal is to educate and inform the
employees of the company's values
therefore reducing the number of
injuries on the worksite.
• It is MHSS policy to plan and carry out
its jobs in such a way that the greatest
care is taken to ensure the health and
safety for all the employees
performing the task.
• All personal injuries can be prevented
by proactive measures.
• All employees have a responsibility to
ensure that the work area is safe.
• A safe workplace without any incidents
or accidents is an advantage for:
• The employee and his family.
• The entire A.P. Moller-Maersk Group.
• The community.
• There is a clear correlation between
effort and results.
• Experience shows that if the
management gives the employees the
opportunity to act unsafely then
someone will at some point act
unsafely and thereby expose others to
an unneeded, unsafe working
environment.
• All incidents and accidents must be
reported and investigated.
Safety Policy
Why should I care about safety?
At the end of a work day we want to go:
home safe and healthy
• for our self
• for our family
• for our colleagues
A safe & secure work environment will:
• reduce the likelihood of accidents
• allow us to concentrate on our job
without worries
• promote confidence and pride in
our work and company
• We believe in a safe workplace without
any health, safety and security incidents.
• Personal incidents are considered
unacceptable and should at all times be
prevented. It is our policy to ensure and
document that we obtain the highest
achievable level of:
• Product, service and process safety
• Organizational and logistical safety, and
safety experienced by our customers
• Health, safety and security of employees
considering regulatory requirements as a
minimum
Our Health and Safety Policy
What is Safety Awareness?
What is safety awareness?
• That you think before you act. Be proactive
• Good Planning of The Specific Job
• That all involved personnel are aware of
known procedures before commencing any
job
• That you follow and respect the given
procedures for the job
• That you ask questions if in doubt
• All have the right to stop any given
operation if they think is it unsafe or
questionable
Why do we need safety awareness?
1. Raise awareness + influence behavior
2. Change the way we communicate
Safety through giving
orders
“You MUST do it”
Safety through training and
engagement
“This is why we have to do it”
to
Types of Dangerous Occurrences
1. Accident
Somebody was injured or killed
2. Incident
Nobody was injured, but there was
equipment/surrounding damage
3. Near Miss
Nobody was injured, no equipment or
surrounding was damaged, but on another
occasion the hazard could have resulted in
an Accident or Incident
Cost of Accidents
Direct Costs
Indirect Costs
Money-related / short term / 20%
• Medical treatment
• Injury compensation
• Investigation & Insurance
• Down time
• Management time & attention
• Equipment repair
Human & other costs / medium term / 80%
• Reduced quality of life / permanent injury
• Low morale & productivity
• Workarounds & inefficiencies
• Poor customer service / loss of customers
• Brand & Reputation damage
Iceberg Theory
For every visible Accident or Serious Injury,
there are many more unseen Incidents and Near
Misses
VISIBLE (few)
UNSEEN (many)
--------------------------------
• Accident
• Serious Injury
• Incident
• Near Miss
ACCIDENTS & INCIDENTS
In general, the easiest way to find the causing factor to an accident or incident is to find a single event or object that singularly has caused the accident. This is however not always the best procedure when
performing an accident investigation since it is not the investigators job.
The two major angles:
Human factor.
System Failure.
Theories on accidents and incidents
88% Human Factors
Unsafe Acts
10%Environment Factors
Unsafe Conditions
2%Other Factors
Uncontrollable
ACCIDENTS
Causes Of Accidents & Incidents
1. Accident
Somebody was injured or killed
2. Incident
Nobody was injured, but there was equipment/surrounding damage
3. Near Miss
Nobody was injured, no equipment/surrounding was damaged, but on another occasion the hazard could have resulted in an Accident or Incident
Types of Dangerous Occurrences
• An accident is the final event in an unplanned process that results in injury or illness to an employee and possibly property damage. It is the final effect of multiple causes.
• An "event," occurs when one "actor" (one person/thing) performs an "action" (does something). In this definition, a person or thing will do something that results in a change of state. Accidents are processes that culminate in a final event that causes injury or illness. An accident may be the result of many factors (simultaneous, interconnected, cross-linked events) that have interacted in some dynamic way.
What is an accident?
• For simplicity, an incident in general is an individual occurrence or event.
• An incident is a distinct piece of action, or an episode, as in a story or play.
• Usually an incident does not result in a person being injured or harmed.
What is an Incident ?
Accidents cause injuries
and
incidents do not.
We definitely want to avoid accidents
So why do accidents happen?
• Lack of preparation
• Playing around
• Working without authority, approval,
permission, training
• Ignoring the presence of a hazard
e.g. water & oil on floor
• Working under the influence of drugs
& medicines
• Working long hours without rest
breaks
Examples of Unsafe Acts
Human Factors
• Working at height
• Machine without safeguards
• Exposed electrical wiring
• Unshielded sharp object
• Slippery floor
• Walkway obstructed by untidy
power cables or waste paper
baskets
Examples of Unsafe Conditions
Environmental Factors
The cause of an unsafe attitude:
• Standards and safety procedures are not
being followed
• Personal attitude towards authorities and
safety
• Lack of safety training
• Lack of instruction
• It is a routine job and is therefore not
considered dangerous
The Cause of Unsafe Acts Human Factors
All have the right to stop any given operation if
they believe it is unsafe or questionable
The cause of an unsafe condition:
• Standards and safety procedures are not
being followed
• Personal understanding of the importance of
PM checks
• Lack of safety training
• Lack of instruction
• Cost thinking
• Inadequate or wrong equipment for the
job
The Cause of Unsafe ConditionsEnvironment Factors
Risk
Risk Pyramid
1
FATAL
30
ACCIDENTS
300
MINOR INCIDENTS
3.000
Near Miss
30.000
HIDDEN RISK FACTORS
300.000
UNSAFE ACTS
If we can take action on the Near
Misses & Hazards, then we will
reduce the likelihood of Accidents at
the top of the iceberg
Accident and incident trend
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Lost Time Incident (LTI) Frequency per Million Work Exposure Hours1985 - 2015
Maersk Divisions IADC
Equipment
Systems
Culture
RisksIncident
If we do not do anything a risk can result in an incident
To prevent that we put up barriers
Rules and Procedures are an essential part of the Safety Management System
Human Factors Analysis
Risks
There are holes in barriers
They cannot cover every different situation -
By having more barriers we can avoid incidents
Human Factors Analysis
Accident &
Injury
Latent Conditions
Budget cuts
Excess workload
Deficient training program
Improper supervision
Poor training
Mental fatigue
Active Conditions
Loss of situational awareness
Failed or
Absent Defences
Organizational
Factors
Unsafe
Supervision
Preconditio
ns
for
Unsafe
Acts Unsafe
Acts
Accident & Injury
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeActs
UNSAFEACTS
ViolationsErrors
ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual
ErrorsDecision
ErrorsSkill-Based
Errors
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeActs
UNSAFEACTS
ViolationsErrors
ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual
ErrorsDecision
ErrorsSkill-Based
Errors
DECISION ERROR Rule-based Decisions
- Highly Procedural Choice Decisions
- Knowledge-based Structured Decisions - Problem solving
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
SKILL-BASED ERRORSUnsafe
Acts
UNSAFEACTS
ViolationsErrors
ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual
ErrorsDecision
ErrorsSkill-Based
Errors
Attention Failures- Breakdown in visual scan- Inadvertent operation of control
Memory Failure- Omitted item in process- Omitted step in procedure
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeActs
UNSAFEACTS
ViolationsErrors
ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual
ErrorsDecision
ErrorsSkill-Based
Errors
PERCEPTUAL ERRORS
Misjudge Distance, speed, weight, etc. Loss of situational awareness Visual Illusions
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeActs
UNSAFEACTS
ViolationsErrors
ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual
ErrorsDecision
ErrorsSkill-Based
Errors
ROUTINE (COMPLACENCE) Violation of Manuals/Policies
- Failed to Inspect Equipment Prior to Use- Failed to Comply with Tie Down Requirements- Conducted Unauthorized Procedure with Equipment- Risk Assessment not Accomplished
Failed to Adhere to Briefed Requirements Not Current/Qualified for Equipment Improper Procedure
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeActs
UNSAFEACTS
ViolationsErrors
ExceptionalRoutinePerceptual
ErrorsDecision
ErrorsSkill-Based
Errors
EXCEPTIONAL(Isolated deviations from the rules)
Violated Manuals/Policies - Performing Unauthorized Operations - Horseplay with Equipment, Ignored Equipment Malfunction - Allowed Unauthorized Operator, Accepted Unnecessary Risk Not Current/Qualified for Equipment Exceeded Limits of Equipment
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
ADVERSE MENTAL STATE
Substandard Conditions of
Operators
Substandard Practices of Operators
PRECONDITIONSFOR
UNSAFE ACTS
Personal Readiness
Crew Resource Mismanagement
Adverse Physiological
States
Physical/Mental
Limitations
Adverse Mental States
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
UnsafeActs
Loss of Situational Awareness Alertness (Drowsiness) Overconfidence Complacency Task Fixation
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Substandard Conditions of
Operators
Substandard Practices of Operators
Personal Readiness
Crew Resource Mismanagement
Adverse Physiological
States
Physical/Mental
Limitations
Adverse Mental States
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
UnsafeActs ADVERSE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES
Hypothermia Motion Sickness Fatigue Medical Illness Intoxication
PRECONDITIONSFOR
UNSAFE ACTS
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Substandard Conditions of
Operators
Substandard Practices of Operators
PRECONDITIONSFOR
UNSAFE ACTS
Personal Readiness
Crew Resource Mismanagement
Adverse Physiological
States
Physical/Mental
Limitations
Adverse Mental States
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
UnsafeActs PHYSICAL/MENTAL LIMITATIONS
• Lack of Sensory Input• Limited Reaction Time• Incompatible Physical Capabilities• Incompatible Intelligence/Aptitude
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Substandard Conditions of
Operators
Substandard Practices of Operators
Personal Readiness
Crew Resource Mismanagement
Adverse Physiological
States
Physical/Mental
Limitations
Adverse Mental States
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
UnsafeActs CREW RESOURCE
MISMANAGEMENT Not Working as a Team Poor Coordination/Communication Improper or No Tailgate Briefing Inadequate Coordination of Work
PRECONDITIONSFOR
UNSAFE ACTS
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Substandard Conditions of
Operators
Substandard Practices of Operators
PRECONDITIONSFOR
UNSAFE ACTS
Personal Readiness
Crew Resource Mismanagement
Adverse Physiological
States
Physical/Mental
Limitations
Adverse Mental States
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
UnsafeActs
PERSONAL READINESSReadiness Problems Inadequate Rest Excess Alcohol Consumption Self-Medicating
Poor Judgement Overexertion While Off Duty Bad Habits
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
INADEQUATE SUPERVISION
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
InadequateSupervision
Failed toCorrect
Problem
SupervisoryViolations
UNSAFESUPERVISION
PlannedInappropriate
Operations
Failure to Administer Proper Training Lack of Professional Guidance
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
InadequateSupervision
Failed toCorrect
Problem
SupervisoryViolations
UNSAFESUPERVISION
PlannedInappropriate
Operations
PLANNED INAPPROPRIATEOPERATIONS
Risk without Benefit No Risk Assessment Improper Work Tempo Poor Crew Pairing
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
InadequateSupervision
PlannedInappropriate
Operations
SupervisoryViolations
Failed toCorrect
Problem
UNSAFESUPERVISION
FAILIURE TO CORRECT A PROBLEMo Failure to Correct Inappropriate Behavioro Failure to Correct a Safety Hazardo Failure to Enforce Safety Rules
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
InadequateSupervision
PlannedInappropriate
Operations
Failed toCorrect
Problem
SUPERVISORY VIOLATIONS
Not Adhering to Rules and RegulationsWillful Disregard for Authority by Supervisors Failure to Conduct Risk Assessment
SupervisoryViolations
UNSAFESUPERVISION
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
OrganizationalInfluences
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
OrganizationalClimate
ResourceManagement
OperationalProcess
ORGANIZATIONALINFLUENCES
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HR Budget Equipment/Facility
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
OrganizationalInfluences
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
OrganizationalClimate
ResourceManagement
OperationalProcess
ORGANIZATIONALINFLUENCES
ORGANIZATIONALCLIMATE
• Structure• Policies• Culture
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
OrganizationalInfluences
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
OrganizationalClimate
ResourceManagement
OperationalProcess
ORGANIZATIONALINFLUENCES
OPERATIONALPROCESS
OperationsProceduresOversight
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Latent Conditions
Budget cuts
Excess workload
Deficient training program
Improper supervision
Poor training
Mental Fatigue
Active Conditions
Loss of situational awareness
Failed orAbsent Defences
OrganizationalFactors
UnsafeSupervision
Preconditionsfor
Unsafe Acts
UnsafeActs
Accident & Injury
Active versus Latent Failures (Reason, 1990)
The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
Safety Culture
Observe
Communicate
Report
A safer working environment
PAGE 54
Observe
PAGE 55
THIS HAS BEEN REMOVED
Start with an overview of worksite
Look after:
The layout of the worksite.
Unsafe acts.
Unsafe conditions.
Violation of regulations etc.
Talk with the person you observed
• By approaching without criticising the
individual.
• Ask what the plan consists of
• Ask if it is safe enough
• Ask if it could be done in a more safe
or easy way (these are not questions
so require no question mark)
Communicate
PAGE 56
Question and show interest
Communicate
PAGE 57
PERSONALITY TYPES
THE VISUAL PERSON:
• Learning by looking.
• Not disturbed by noise/sounds.
• Difficulties in remembering oral instructions.
• Clear perception - only few details necessary.
THE AUDITIVE PERSON:
• Learning by listening.
• Disturbed by noise/sounds.
• Repeats oral instructions easily.
• A lot of facts necessary for perception.
PERSONALITY TYPES
THE KINESTHETIC PERSON:
• Learning by looking.
• Learning by doing and evaluating.
• Interested when convenient.
• A lot of facts necessary for perception.
• Touch is OK as physical acknowledgement.
THE AUDIATIVELY DIGITAL PERSON:
• Remembers by procedures, steps and
sequences.
• Wants to be sure that the situation is
purposeful and relevant.
• Considers and reflects very much.
PAGE 58
Communicate
Note what you observe
Reporting
PAGE 59
• Note what you think has been done wrong.
• Note also if you observe good things.
• Describe improvements or actions that
need to be taken to prevent future
incidents.
I AM OK / YOU ARE OK
• Open-minded and positive.
• Optimistic view of life and accepts
himself/herself as well as other people.
• Gets on well with other people.
• Well-balanced and positive attitude;
the basis for an independent person
being open-minded and devoted.
The OK/OK principle
PAGE 60
Exercise
• Your job is to inspect the “yard” and see if there is anything to report.
• You have 1 hour for the assignment.
• During the assignment you have….. It is all placed here in the Training Centre.
• One from each group will present the subject.
PAGE 62
Reminders
Reminders
Always ensure that you have the latest updated procedures
Always know your back up plan
Always ask questions if you are in doubt
Always pay attention to other operations that are in the area you are working
Always respect barriers and signs
Reminders
Never use incorrect equipment for the job
Never attempt shortcuts to save time or money
Never question your right to STOP a job