Download - S215 unit 5
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
S-215Fire Operations in the
Wildland/Urban Interface
Unit 5Structure Triage
Slide 5-1
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Unit Objectives• List the four structure triage categories
and the four items in the decision process. • List five factors upon which to base
structure triage decisions, and give three examples of each. • List conditions that may indicate that a
structure cannot be saved. Slide 5-2
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
What is Structure Triage?• Eliminate
the hopeless.• Ignore the
unnecessary.• Deal with
the rest.
Slide 5-3
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Structure Triage Categories• Defensible – Prep and Hold• Defensible – Standalone• Non-Defensible – Prep and Leave• Non-Defensible – Rescue
Drive-by
Slide 5-4
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
How to DecideImagine the greatest potential
threat and temper with the probable threat.
Slide 5-5
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Structure Triage Flow Chart
JP Harris – Los Angels County Fire (Ret.)
Slide 5-6
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
How to Decide?
Slide 5-7
Triage Checklists
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Five Factors to Consider• Firefighter and
public safety• Fire behavior• Surrounding fuels
(Is there defensible space?)
• Available resources• Condition of structure
itself
Slide 5-8
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
House #1
House #2
50’
Slide 5-9
Scenario 1
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
House #1
House #2
500 gal.
Case 1: The fire is burning only the leaf litter, moving progressively past the two houses. You have a full 500-gallon tank of water and are the only engine available. What would you do?
Slide 5-10
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
House #1
House #2
250 gal.
Case 2: The fire is burning the brush, hitting broadside, and threatening both houses at the same time. You have 250 gallons of water left and are the only engine available. House #1 will receive direct flame impingement; house #2 will receive only firebrands. What would you do?
Slide 5-11
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
House #1
House #2
500 gal.5 min. away
Case 3: As in Case 2, the fire is burning the brush and threatening both houses at the same time. This time you have a full tank of water, 500 gallons. You can protect house #1 as the fire hits it and in the process will significantly diminish the intensity at the head of the fire. A second engine will be there in 5 minutes. What would you do?
Slide 5-12
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
What triage category?
Slide 5-13
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
What triage category?
Slide 5-14
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
What triage category?
Slide 5-15
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
What triage category?
Slide 5-16
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
What triage category?
Slide 5-17
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Scenario 2You are sent into an area with four houses. Burning conditions are so severe that you can expect the standing live fuels to burn readily. You have a full tank of water, but no other resources will be available until well after the fire is past.
Slide 5-18
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
The most threatened house (#1) is in heavy fuels. It would require all of your water to save it, and the other houses would be involved by the time you could be free again.
Slide 5-19
# 1
# 2# 3
# 4
500 gal.
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
The second-worst house (#2) is located in moderately heavy fuels; it would require half of your water and 10 to 20 minutes to save it.
Slide 5-20
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
500 gal.
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Houses #3 and 4 are threatened only by firebrands on the roof. What would you do?
Slide 5-21
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
When Structures Cannot Be SavedEvents that affect your triage decisions:• Fire is making significant runs and will
impact the structure.• Spot fires in and around the structure
are exceeding suppression capability.• There is a limited water supply.• Conditions are changing that affect
your safety.• More than 25% of the roof is involved.• Interior rooms are involved.
Slide 5-22
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Consider All the Factors• Use a triage checklist, if
available.• Maintain your situation
awareness.• Be realistic about your
goals and capabilities.• Don’t let emotions
cloud sound judgment.
Slide 5-23
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Conclusion• Evaluate all the factors that will
influence your decision to stay and defend the structure or move to a structure that can be saved.
• Your consideration of not only current fire behavior, but expected fire behavior must be included in the decisionmaking process.
Slide 5-24
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F i r e O p e r a ti o n s i n t h e W i l d l a n d / U r b a n I n t e r f a c e S-215
Unit 5 – Structure Triage
Review Unit Objectives• List the four structure triage categories
and the four items in the decision process. • List five factors upon which to base
structure triage decisions, and give three examples of each. • List conditions that may indicate that a
structure cannot be saved. Slide 5-25