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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 8
TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
IU 0 Jetaew Khdaeuh
8
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JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 9
DAH\WFY 0-8
!8% Fq|bhej Waf Ocbbc~ejn Wfymt *!h%H||bedhwecj Gcmhej !o%Bhjnvhnf Wyhjtbhwcy !k%Fqfdvwecj Gcmhej
!i%Fqfdvwecj Nh| !n%T|fdeoedhwecj Nh| !b%Bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy
!d%Tcvydf |ycnyhm !a%Whynfw |ycnyhm !m%Twhwed Iejgejn
!g%Gujhmed Iejgejn !e%Iejgejn !j%\yf|ycdfttcy
!f%Ocy~hyg Yfofyfjdf !`%Bhjnvhnf \ycdfttcy \htt
H||bedhwecj Gcmhej 0- Hj h||bedhwecj Gcmhej et h mfdahjetm vtfg wc etcbhwf fqfdvwfg
tcow~hyf h||bedhwecjt oycm cjf hjcwafy tc wahw wafu gc jcw yfobfdw fhda cwafy
Fqfdvwecj Gcmhej 0-
Fqfdvwecj Nh|0- Fqfdvwecj Nh| et waf nh| ifw~ffj waf tfmhjwedt co waf |ycnyhmt ~yewwfj
ej geoofyfjw |ycnyhmmejn bhjnvhnft Waf Fqfdvwecj Nh| et iyegnf iu waf gftenjfy co waf
|ycnyhmmejn bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy
T|fdeoedhwecj Nh| 0- T|fdeoedhwecj nh| et waf tfmhjwed nh| ifw~ffj w~c t|fdeoedhwecj co waf
thmf whtk Waf t|fdeoedhwecj nh| et iyegnfg iu waf tcow~hyf gffbc|mfjw wfhm Waf
tfmhjwed nh| ifw~ffj waf h||bedhwecj gcmhej hjg waf fqfdvwecj gcmhej et iyegnf iu waf
tcow~hyf fjnejffyejn twf|t
Bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy 0- H bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy et h tcow~hyf ~aeda iyegnft h t|fdeoedhwecj cy
fqfdvwecj nh| ~f vtf waf wfym bhjnvhnf |ycdfttejn wc gftdyeif waf hdweewu |fyocymfg iu h
bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy
Oen tac~t wahw w~c bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcyt Waf bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy co |hyw !h%
dcjfywt h D++ |ycnyhm ejwc h D |ycnyhm " afjdf ew et h |yf|ycdfttcy waf bhjnvhnf
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 4
wyhjtbhwcy ocy D++ tejdf ew |ycgvdft h mhdaejf bhjnvhnf |ycnyhm ej icwa dhtft waf
|ycnyhm hyf waf D |ycnyhm hjg waf mhdaejf bhjnvhnf |ycnyhm yft|fdwefbu
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dhbbfg h tcvydf |ycnyhm
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ewt cvw|vw ht waf whynfw |ycnyhm Waf bhjnvhnf ej ~aeda |ycnyhm hyf ~yewwfj hyf dhbbfg
tcvydf bhjnvhnf hjg whynfw bhjnvhnf
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bhjnvhnf et httfmibu bhjnvhnf H dcm|ebfy et hju bhjnvhnf wyhjtbhwcy ~aeda et jcw hj
httfmibfy
Twhwed Iejgejn 0- H twhwed iejgejn et h iejgejn |fyocymfg ifocyf waf fqfdvwecj co h |ycnyhm
ifnejt Twhwed iejgejn bfhgt wc mcyf fooedefjw fqfdvwecj co h |ycnyhm wahj gujhmed iejgejn
Gujhmed Iejgejn 0- H gujhmed iejgejn et h iejgejn |fyocymfg howfy waf fqfdvwecj co h
|ycnyhm aht ifnvj
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ivw jcw h bhjnvhnf wyhjtbhwcy
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~aeda |yfdfgft ewt gfoejewecj ej waf |ycnyhm
Bhjnvhnf \ycdfttcy \htt 0- H bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy |htt et waf |ycdfttejn co ffyu
twhwfmfjw ej h tcvydf |ycnyhm" wc |fyocym h bhjnvhnf |ycdfttejn ovjdwecj
9% Geoofyfjwehwf ifw~ffj |ycibfm cyefjwfg hjg |ycdfgvyf cyefjwfg
bhjnvhnf 3
Waf bhjnvhnf ~aeda et cjbu if vtfg ocy T|fdeoed H||bedhwecjt kjc~j ht |ycibfm cyefjwfg
bhjnvhnf Wafu ahf bhynf fqfdvwecj nh| hjg waet nh| et iyegnfg iu waf wyhjtbhwcy cy
ejwfy|yfwfy H |ycnyhm fqfdvwecj hdweewu cynhjepfg waf fqfdvwecj co h |ycnyhm yfwvyj ej h
|ycnyhmmejn bhjnvhnf cj h dcm|vwfy tutwfm
Ewt tcvydf bhjnvhnf dcvbg if h |ycdfgvyf cyefjwfg bhjnvhnf cy h |ycibfm cyefjwfg
bhjnvhnf
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 7
H |ycdfgvyf cyefjwfg bhjnvhnf |ycegft nfjfyhb |vy|ctf ohdebeweft yfxveyfg ej mctw
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|ycnyhm nfjfyhwecj hdweewu hemt hw hvwcmhwed nfjfyhwecj co h |ycnyhm Waf |ycnyhm
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gcmhej hjg waf whynfw \B gcmhej Yfgvdwecj ej waf t|fdeoedhwecj nh| ejdyfhtft waf
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t|fdeoedhwecj co waf |ycnyhm wc if nfjfyhwfg
\ycnyhm
Nfjfyhwcy
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 6
ew et mcyf fdcjcmedhb wc gffbc| h |ycnyhm nfjfyhwcy wahj wc gffbc| h |ycibfm
cyefjwfg bhjnvhnf waet et ifdhvtf h |ycibfm cyefjwfg bhjnvhnf tvoofyt h bhynf fqfdvwecj
nh| ifw~ffj waf \B gcmhej hjg waf fqfdvwecj gcmhej ~afyfht waf |ycnyhm nfjfyhwcy aht
h tmhbbfy tfmhjwed nh| wc waf whynfw \B gcmhej
\ycnyhm Fqfdvwecj 0- W~c |c|vbhy mcgfbt ocy |ycnyhm fqfdvwecj hyf Wyhjtbhwecj hjg
Ejwfy|yfwhwecj
\ycnyhm Wyhjtbhwecj 0 Waf |ycnyhm wyhjtbhwecj mcgfb iyegnft waf fqfdvwecj nh| iu
wyhjtbhwejn h |ycnyhm ~yewwfj ej h \B" dhbbfg waf tcvydf |ycnyhm ejwc hj fxvehbfjw
|ycnyhm ej mhdaejf bhjnvhnf co waf dcm|vwfy tutwfm " dhbbfg waf whynfw |ycnyhm
!Oenvyf% 0-
Dahyhdwfyetwedt co |ycnyhm wyhjtbhwecj mcgfb hyf 0
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|fyocymt hdwecjt ~aeda em|bfmfjw ew waf D\V vtft h |ycnyhm dcvjwfy !\D% wc jcwf waf
hggyftt waf jfqw ejtwyvdwecj wc if fqfdvwfg
!oenvyf%
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf ?
Dahyhdwfyetwedt 0-
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bhjnvhnf ettvft" Afjdf ew et dhbbfg oycjw fjg co waf bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy Waf tfdcjg |htt etdcjdfyjfg ~ewa |ycnyhm tujwaftet ocy h t|fdeoed whynfw bhjnvhnf" afjdf ew et dhbbfg waf ihdk
fjg co waf bhjnvhnf |ycdfttcy
\yc|fyweft co EY 0
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Mfmcyu Fooedefjdu 0- EY mvtw if dcm|hdw
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nyhmmhy dbhtt aht ewt c~j dahyhdwfyetwedt hjg bemewhwecjt*
H nyhmmhy N dcjtetw co waf ocbbc~ejn dcm|cjfjwt
H oejewf tfw J co jcj wfymejhb tumicbt H oejewf tfw co wfymejhb tumicbt H oejewf tfw \ co |ycgvdwecj yvbft
Wafyf hyf ocvy wu|ft co nyhmmhyt
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf >
Wu|f-< nyhmmhy 0- Waftf nyhmmhyt hyf hbtc kjc~j ht |ayhtf twyvdwvyf nyhmmhy " ew
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nyhmmhyt hyf hbtc jcw yfbfhjw ocy \B t|fdeoedhwecj
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H 00 = I w r w
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dhwfncyepfg ejwc bfow-bejfhy hjg yenaw-bejfhy nyhmmhyt
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 1
?% Getdvtt Oycjw Fjg hjg Ihdk Fjg co waf Wcu Dcm|ebfy*
OYCJW FJG 0- Waf oycjw fjg |fyocymt bfqedhb " tujwhq hjg tfmhjwed hjhbutet co waf
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8% Gfwfymejf hbegewu co h tcvydf twhwfmfjw oycm waf ef~ |cejw co waf hjhbutet9% Gfwfymejf waf dcjwfjw co waf tcvydf twhwfmfjw*4% Dcjtwyvdw h Tvewhibf yf|yftfjwhwecj co waf tcvydf twhwfmfjw
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~aebf ej tujwhq hjhbutet ew et waf tujwhdwed twyvdwvyf co h tcvydf twhwfmfjw
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twhwfmfjw ew et waf tfw co hwwyeivwft co h gfdbhyfg hyehibf
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vjewt hjg dcjtwyvdw h yf|yftfjwhwecj ocy waf tujwhdwed twyvdwvyf co waf tcvydf twhwfmfjw
Cvw|vw co waf oycjw fjg 0
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waf yfbfhjw whibf
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bfqedhb hjhbutet wc gfwfymejf waf twhwfmfjw dbhtt ocy fqhm|bf 0- httenjmfjw twhwfmfjw "
eo twhwfmfjw fwd wafj ew ivebgt hj ED ~aeda yf|yftfjw waf twyvdwvyf co waf twhwfmfjw
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 5
IHDK FJG 0- Waf ihdk fjg |fyocymt mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj hjg dcgf nfjfyhwecj
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mcyf wahj cjf |ycgvdwecj ej waf nyhmmhy ew mfhjt wahw waf twyejn dhj ahf mcyf wahj cjf
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2fq|: 00 = 2eg: r 2fq|: + 2fq|: r 2fq|: * 2fq|:
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 8
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JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 96
?%Getwejnveta ifw~ffj tejnbf |htt hjg w~c |htt httfmibfy* Ej ucvyc|ejecj" ~aeda et|yfofyyfg 3 nef yfhtcj *
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ew bcckt ocy bhifb gfoejewecjt hjg ejwycgvdft wafm ej waf tumicb whibf Ej waf tfdcjg
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waf c|fyhwecjt hjg tc cj
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wyhjtbhwecj |ycdftt et gcjf ej w~c |httft
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ocy~hyg yfofyfjdf ej tejnbf |htt et geooedvbw Waf ci`fdw dcgf dhj if |ycgvdfg ej waf
tejnbf |htt httfmibfyt ej w~c geoofyfjw ~hut
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ci`fdw |ycnyhm ~ebb if bchgfg ej waf mhej mfmcyu ocy fqfdvwecj ~afjffyjfdftthyu
Ej W~c-|htt httfmibfy " Gvyejn waf oeytw |htt ew dcbbfdwt hbb bhifbt Hjg gvyejn
waf tfdcjg |htt ew |ycgvdf waf mhdaejf dcgf ocy fhda ejtwyvdwecj hjg httenj hggyftt
wc fhda co wafm ew httenj hggyfttft wc bhifbt iu dcvjwejn wafey |ctewecj oycm waf
twhywejn hggyftt
Waf ocy~hyg yfofyfjdf |ycibfm et hbtc ahjgbfg wc tcmf fqwfjw ej tejnbf |htt
httfmibfyt Waf httfmibfy tdhjt waf tcvydf httfmibu bhjnvhnf |ycnyhm"
ejtwyvdwecj iu ejtwyvdwecj hjg wyhjtbhwf wafm ejwc mhdaejf dcgft
Eo wafyf et hj ejtwyvdwecj ~aeda aht h ocy~hyg yfofyfjdf" waf httfmibfy bfhft
waf hggyftt co wahw |hywedvbhy tumicb hjg |ycdffgt ovywafy Waet tumicb et fjwfyfg
ej tumicb whibf hjg mhykfg ht vjgfoejfg
^afj waf tumicb gfoejewecj et fjdcvjwfyfg waf httfmibfy ejtfywt waf hggyftt
ej waf tumicb whibf Waf httfmibfy hbtc ejtfyw waf hggyftt wc waf ejtwyvdwecjt" ~aeda
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 9?
vtf waet tumicb ej waf betw co ocy~hyg yfofyfjdft Waet et ac~ waf ocy~hyg yfofyfjdf
|ycibfm et ahjgbfg ej |htt cjf httfmibfy
Waf ocy~hyg yfofyfjdf |ycibfm et dcjfjefjwbu ahjgbfg ej w~c |htt
httfmibfyt Eo vjgfoejfg tumicbt hyf fjdcvjwfyfg howfy yfhdaejn waf fjg co waf
twhwfmfjw" wafj waf httfmibfy nfjfyhwft waf fyycy mftthnft
Cjf |htt httfmibfy et ohtwfy ifdhvtf ew tdhjt waf |ycnyhm cjbu cjdf " ew gcft
jcw ahf mhju ofhwvyft tv||cywfg iu w~c |htt httfmibfyt ^afyf w~c |htt
|ycegft mhju ofhwvyft wahj waf cjf |htt httfmibfy tc ew et ~egfbu vtfg
>% Dcm|hyf hjg Dcjwyhtw mhjvhbbu _HYEHJW-E hjg _HYEHJW-EE co
ejwfymfgehwf dcgfnfjfyhwfg iu |htt-E co waf httfmibfy *
^f dcjtegfy w~c hyehjwt co ejwfymfgehwf dcgf ~aeda et geoofyfjw ej waf ejocymhwecj
dcjwhejfg ej wafey c|fyhjg oefbgt
_HYEHJW-E 0- Waf oeytw c|fyhjg et yf|yftfjwfg iu h tejnbf genew jvmify ~aeda et h dcgf ocy
h yfnetwfy Waf tfdcjg c|fyhjg" ~aeda et h mfmcyu c|fyhjg" ~aeda et yf|yftfjwfg iuf waf
ocym
! c|fyhjg dbhtt" dcgf%
^afyf c|fyhjg dbhtt et cjf co waf Dcjtwhjw " Tumicb hjg Bewfyhb ocy h dcjtwhjw" waf dcgf
oefbg dcjwhej waf ejwfyjhb yf|yftfjwhwecj co waf dcjwfjw ewtfbo Ocy fqhm|bf" waf c|fyhjg
gftdye|wcy ocy waf twhwfmfjw TWHYW 9
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 9>
Hj fjwyu et mhgf ej TUMWHI cjbu ~afj tumicb cddvyt ej waf bhifb oefbg co hj
httfmibu twhwfmfjw" fn hj fjwyu !H"476"8% eo tumicb H et hbbcdhwfg cjf ~cyg hw hggyftt
476 ~aebf |ycdfttejn h ocy~hyg yfofyfjdf
MC_FY HYFN " H
Ew et jfdftthyu wc fjwfy H ej TUMWHI * hw waet |cejw" waf hggyftt hjg bfjnwa oefbg co Ht fjwyu
dhjw if oebbfg *waet em|beft wahw w~c kejg co fjwyeft mhu fqetw ej TUMWHI hw hjuwemf ocy
gfoejfg tumicbt hjg ocy ocy~hyg yfofyfjdft
_HYEHJW-EE 0- Waet hyehjw et geoofyfjw oycm hyehjw-E ej wahw waf c|fyhjg oefbgt co waf
tcvydf twhwfmfjwt hyf yf|bhdfg iu wafey |ycdfttfg ocymt ocy gfdbhyhwef twhwfmfjwt hjg
httfmibfy geyfdweft" |ycdfttejn co waf c|fyhjg oefbgt et fttfjwehb wc tv||cyw BD |ycdfttejn
Afjdf waftf ocymt dcjwhej waf |ycdfttfg ocymt Bewfyhbt hyf fjwfyfg ej BEWWHI hjg hyf
yf|yftfjwfg ht !B"m% ej ED
TWHYW 9
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 91
_hyehjw E _hyehjw EE
_hyehjw EE et ~fbb tvewfg eo fq|yfttecjt hyf |fymewwfg ej waf c|fyhjg oefbgt co hj httfmibu
twhwfmfjwt
1% Ac~ bejk betw hjg Ahta whibf ghwh twyvdwvyft hyf vtfg ej nfjfyhwecj co
tumicb whibf 3 Fq|bhej * Waf tumicb whibft hyf mctw em|cywhjw ghwh twyvdwvyft ej waf gftenj co waf wyhjtbhwcyt
bekf Dcm|ebfyt hjg Httfmibfyt Waf tumicb whibf mhejwhej waf hwwyeivwft co waf tumicbt
vtfg ej waf tcvydf |ycnyhm waf mhejwfjhjdf co waf tumicb whibf et dhbbfg tumicb whibf
mhjhnfmfjw Ew et hbtc dhbbfg icck kff|ejn
Wafyf dhj if h tf|hyhwf fjwyu ocy fhda fjwewu waf jhmft dhj if twcyfg ej waf tumicb
whibf vtejn oeqfg tepf hyyhut cy gujhmedhbbu vtejn |cejwfyt waf ghwh twyvdwvyft ocy tumicb
whibft dhj if 0
8 Bejkfg betw9 Ahta Whibft
Bejkfg Betw 0- Waet ghwh twyvdwvyf et vtfg wc em|bfmfjw waf tumicb whibf ej h tem|bf ~hu
waf tumicb whibf kff|t waf jhmft hjg wafey hwwyeivwft Eo jf~ jhmf et fjdcvjwfyfg wahw
hbtc if dcjtegfyfg
Fhda jhmf hjg ewt hwwyeivwft dhj dcbbfdwefbu if dcjtegfyfg ht h tf|hyhwf fjwewu
waftf fjweweft dhj if mhgf hhebhibf ej h betw waf fjg co waf betw et bfow c|fjfg wc hgg jf~
tumicbt
Ahta Whibft 0- Waet ghwh twyvdwvyf dhj hbtc if vtfg wc em|bfmfjw waf tumicb whibf c|fj
ahtaejn wfdajexvf et vtfg ej tumicb whibf" ~afyf c|fj yfofyt wc jc bemew
\htt E
Ghwh
twyvdwvyf
^cyk hyfh
\htt EE
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Ghwh twyvdwvyf
^cyk hyfh
\htt EE
Ghwh twyvdwvyf
^cyk hyfh
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
\htt EE
Ghwh twyvdwvyf
^cyk hyfh
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Jhmf Hwwyeivwft
8Jhmf
9
Hwwyeivwft
9Jhmf
4
Hwwyeivwft
4
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 95
Ej waf em|bfmfjwhwecj co tumicb whibf ahtaejn whibf dhj if vtfg " waf ghwh twyvdwvyf
~ebb ahf 0
8 \cejwfyt wc tumicb whibf fjwyeft9 Tumicb whibf fjwyeft ocy jhmftWaf |cejwfyt ~ebb |cejw waf jhmft ej tumicb whibf fjwyeft Waftf hyf afhgfyt wc waf
jhmft Waftf hyf ciwhejfg iu waf ahta ovjdwecj Waf betw dhj if gujhmedhbbu mhejwhejfg
\8
\9
\4
\7
\6
Waet wu|f co ghwh twyvdwvyf aht ifwwfy |fyocymhjdf cfy waf betw ej ahjgbejn waf
c|fyhwecjt bekf tfhydaejn" ejtfywecj hjg xvfyeft
5% Fq|bhej Tujwaftet \ahtf hjg Hjhbutet \ahtf co hj httfmibfy *
Tujwaftet \ahtf 0- Waf ovjghmfjwhb ejocymhwecj yfxveyfmfjwt hyetf ej waftujwaftet |ahtf co hj httfmibfy
c Dcjtegfy waf httfmibu twhwfmfjwMC_FY IYFN " CJF
Waf oeytw ewfm co waf ejocymhwecj gf|fjgt cj waf tcvydf |ycnyhm Afjdf ew
mvtw if hhebhibf iu hjhbutet |ahtf waf tfdcjg ewfm co ejocymhwecj gcft jcw
gf|fjg cj waf tcvydf |ycnyhm" ew mfyfbu gf|fjgt cj waf httfmibu bhjnvhnf
Tujwaftet |ahtf dhj gfwfymejf waet ejocymhwecj ocy ewtfbo
W~c ghwh twyvdwvyft hyf |bhdfg gvyejn waf tujwaftet |ahtf 0
8 Tumicb whibf9 Mjfmcjed whibfFhda ewfm co waf tumicb whibf aht w~c |yemhyu oefbgt- jhmf hjg hggyftt Waf
whibf et ivebw iu waf hjhbutet |ahtf Hj fjwyu ej waf mjfmcjed whibf aht w~c |yemhyu
oefbgt mjfmcjed hjg c|dcgf Waf tujwaftet |ahtf vtft waftf whibft wc ciwhej waf
mhdaejf hggyftt ~ewa ~aeda h jhmf et httcdehwfg
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 4% Gfoejf waf ghwh twyvdwvyft vtfg ej waf cjf |htt mhdyc |ycdfttcy
hbncyewam* Wafyf hyf wayff Ghwh twyvdwvyft vtfg ej cjf |htt mhdyc |ycdfttcy
8 GFOWHI Mhdyc gfoejewecj whibf9 JHMWHI Mhdyc jhmf whibf4 HYNWHI \hyhmfwfy hbvft whibf
GFOWHI0 ~aeda dcjwhejt waf mhdyc |ycwcwu|f hjg waf twhwfmfjwt wahw mhkf-v| waf mhdyc
icgu
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 4>
JHMWHI0 ~aeda dcjwhejt waf mhdyc jhmft hjg |cejwfyt wc waf ifnejjejn hjg fjg co waf
mhdyc gfoejewecj ej GFOWHI
HYNWHI0 ~aeda dcjwhejt waf hynvmfjw hbvft co waf yft|fdwef |hyhmfwfy ejdbvgfg ej waf
mhdyc |ycwcwu|f twhwfmfjw
1% Fq|bhej waf mhdyc Fq|hjtecj hjg Dcjgewecjhb Mhdyc Fq|hjtecj*
Mhdyc Fq|hjtecj 0- mhdyc dhbb bfhgt wc mhdyc fq|hjtecj Gvyejn mhdyc fq|hjtecj" waf
mhdyc dhbb twhwfmfjw et yf|bhdfg iu h tfxvfjdf co httfmibu twhwfmfjwt Wc geoofyfjwehwf
ifw~ffj waf cyenejhb twhwfmfjwt co h |ycnyhm hjg waf twhwfmfjwt yftvbwejn oycm mhdyc
fq|hjtecj" fhda fq|hjgfg twhwfmfjw et mhykfg ~ewa h + |yfdfgejn ewt bhifb oefbg*
W~c kfu jcwhwecj dcjdfyjejn mhdyc fq|hjtecj hyf 0
Fq|hjtecj wemf dcjwycb obc~ 0 Waet gfwfymejft waf cygfy ej ~aeda mcgfb twhwfmfjwt hyf
etewfg gvyejn mhdyc fq|hjtecj
Bfqedhb tvitwewvwecj0 Bfqedhb Tvitwewvwecj et vtfg wc nfjfyhwf hj httfmibu twhwfmfjw oycm h
mcgfb twhwfmfjw
Dcjgewecjhb Mhdyc Fq|hjtecj 0- ^aebf ~yewejn h nfjfyhb |vy|ctf mhdyc" ew et em|cywhjw wc
fjtvyf fqfdvwecj fooedefjdu co ewt nfjfyhb dcgf Dcjgewecjhb mhdyc fq|hjtecj afb|t ej
nfjfyhwejn httfmibu dcgf tvewfg wc waf |hyhmfwfyt ej h mhdyc dhbb waet et hdaeffg iu
fjtvyejn wahw h mcgfb twhwfmfjw et etewfg cjbu vjgfy t|fdeoed dcjgewecj gvyejn waf
fq|hjtecj co h mhdycWaf HEO hjg HNC twhwfmfjwt hyf vtfg ocy waet |vy|ctf
Ocy fqhm|bf 0 Ew et yfxveyfg wc gffbc| h mhdyc F_HB tvda wahw h dhbb
F_HB H" I" D
Nfjfyhwft fooedefjw dcgf wc fhbvhwf H-I+D ej HYFN ~afj waf oeytw w~c |hyhmfwfyt co h dhbb
hyf egfjwedhb" F_HB tacvbg nfjfyhwf h tejnbf" MC_FY ejtwyvdwecj wc bchg waf 4yg |hyhmfwfy
ejwc HYFN
5% Fq|bhej waf |htt twyvdwvyf co mhdyc-httfmibfy ej gfwhebt*
Wc gftenj waf |htt twyvdwvyf co h mhdyc-httfmibfy ~f egfjweou waf ovjdwecjt co h mhdyc
|yf|ycdfttcy hjg waf dcjfjwecjhb httfmibfy ~aeda dhj if mfynfg wc hghjwhnf
\htt E
8 Mhdyc gfoejewecj |ycdfttejn
9 TUMWHI dcjtwyvdwecj
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 41
\htt EE
8 Mhdyc fq|hjtecj9 Mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj4 \ycdfttejn co bewfyhbt7 Ejwfymfgehwf dcgf nfjfyhwecj
\htt EEE
8 Whynfw Dcgf nfjfyhwecj\htt EE et bhynf ej tepf tejdf ew |fyocymt mhju ovjdwecj hbb waf ghwh twyvdwvyft co
waf mhdyc |yf|ycdfttcy jffgt wc fqew gvyejn waet |htt
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 45
DAH\WFY 0-?8% ^ahw et mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj3 Getdvtt ewt wu|ft ej gfwhebt*
Mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj ejcbft wayff em|cywhjw whtkt 0
8 Gfwfymejf waf hmcvjw co mfmcyu yfxveyfg wc yf|yftfjw waf hbvf co h ghwh ewfm9 Vtf hj h||yc|yehwf mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj mcgfb wc em|bfmfjw waf tdc|f co ghwh4 Gfwfymejf h||yc|yehwf mfmcyu mh||ejn wc hddftt waf hbvft ej h jcj tdhbhy ghwh ewfm
Fn hbvft ej hj hyyhu
Wu|ft co Mfmcyu Hbbcdhwecj 0-
8% Twhwed mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj9% Gujhmed mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj
Gujhmed Iejgejn 0- H mfmcyu iejgejn et hj httcdehwecj ifw~ffj waf mfmcyu hggyftt
hwwyeivwft co ghwh ewfm hjg waf hggyftt co mfmcyu hyfh Mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj et waf
|ycdfgvyf vtfg wc |fyocym mfmcyu iejgejn
Mfmcyu iejgejn dhj if gujhmed cy twhwed ej jhwvyf
Ej twhwed mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj " mfmcyu et hbbcdhwfg wc h hyehibf ifocyf waf fqfdvwecj co h
|ycnyhm ifnejt
Twhwed mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj et |fyocymfg gvyejn dcm|ebhwecj
Jc mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj CY gfhbbcdhwecj hdwecjt hyf |fyocymfg gvyejn waf fqfdvwecj co h
|ycnyhm
Ej gujhmed mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj" mfmcyu iejgejnt hyf ftwhibetafg hjg gftwycufg gvyejn
waf fqfdvwecj co h |ycnyhm wu|edhb fqhm|bft co waf vtf co waftf mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj mcgfbt
hyf OCYWYHJ ocy twhwed hbbcdhwecj hjg ibcdk twyvdwvyfg bhjnvhnf bekf \B#B " |htdhb fwd ocy
gujhmed hbbcdhwecj
Gujhmed mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj aht w~c obhcyt 0
8 Hvwcmhwed hbbcdhwecj9 \ycnyhm dcjwycbbfg hbbcdhwecjEj hvwcmhwed gujhmed hbbcdhwecj " mfmcyu et hbbcdhwfg wc waf hyehibft gfdbhyfg ej h
|ycnyhm vjew et fjwfyfg gvyejn fqfdvwecj hjg et gfhbbcdhwfg ~afj waf |ycnyhm vjew et
fqewfg
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 7#9 dhj if yf|bhdfg iu h 0 = 86>16 fbemejhwejn h
geetecj c|fyhwecj
Fbemejhwecj co Dcmmcj Tvi fq|yfttecjt0- Dcmmcj tvi fq|yfttecjt hyf cddvyyfjdft co
fq|yfttecjt acbgejn waf thmf hbvf tvda fq|yfttecj hyf dhbbfg fxvehbfjw fq|yfttecjt
Ocy fqhm|bf 0- h 0 = i*d w 0 = i*d ;
q 0 = i*d + 69 ==: h 0 = w ;
q 0 = w + 69 ;
Afyf DT " dcjwhejt waf w~c cddvyyfjdft co i*d waf tfdcjg cddvyyfjdft co i*d dhj if
fbemejhwfg ifdhvtf waf oeytw cddvyyfjdft co i*d et hb~hut fhbvhwfg ifocyf waf tfdcjg
cddvyyfjdf et yfhdafg gvyejn fqfdvwecj co waf |ycnyhm
Gfhg Dcgf Fbemejhwecj 0- H dcgf ~aeda dhj if cmewwfg oycm h |ycnyhm ~ewacvw hoofdwejn
et yftvbw et dhbbfg gfhg dcgf Gfhg dcgf et gfwfdwfg iu dafdkejn ~afwafy waf hbvf httenjfg
ej hj httenjmfjw twhwfmfjw et vtfg hju~afyf ej waf |ycnyhm
Ocy fqhm|bf 0- Hj httenjmfjw q 0 = 2 fq| : dcjtwewvwft gfhg dcgf eo waf hbvf
httenjfg wc Q et jcw vtfg ej waf |ycnyhm
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 76
Oyfxvfjdu Yfgvdwecj 0- Fqfdvwecj wemf co h |ycnyhm dhj if yfgvdfg iu mcejn dcgf oycm
h |hyw co h |ycnyhm ~aeda et fqfdvwfg fyu oyfxvfjwbu wc hjcwafy |hyw co h |ycnyhm ~aeda et
fqfdvwfg of~fy wemf
Ocy fqhm|bf 0-
Ocy e 0= 8 wc 8
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 7?
Nbcihb C|wemephwecj 0- Waf c|wemepejn wyhjtocymhwecjt hyf h||befg cfy h |ycnyhm
vjew" ef cfy h ovjdwecj cy h |ycdfgvyf
Dcm|hyfg wc bcdhb c|wemephwecj " nbcihb c|wemephwecj yfxveyft mcyf hjhbutet foocywt
wc ftwhibeta waf ofhteiebewu co hj c|wemephwecj
>% Fq|bhej waf geoofyfjdf ifw~ffj |vyf ejwfy|yfwfy hjg em|vyf
ejwfy|yfwfy*
Waf tdafmhwed co ghwh
Tcvydf |ycnyhm
et dhbbfg h |vyf ejwfy|yfwfy waf
tcvydf |ycnyhm et yfwhejfg ej waf tcvydf oycm hbb waycvna ewt ejwfy|yfwhwecj Waet
hyyhjnfmfjw ejdvyt tvitwhjwehb hjhbutet cfyafhgt ~aebf ejwfy|yfwejn h twhwfmfjw
Hj em|vyf ejwfy|yfwfy |fyocymt tcmf |ycdfttejn co waf tcvydf |ycnyhm wc yfgvdf
waf hjhbutet cfyafhg gvyejn ejwfy|yfwhwecj
Waf |yf|ycdfttcy dcjfywt waf |ycnyhm wc hj ejwfymfgehwf yf|yftfjwhwecj !EY%
~aeda et vtfg gvyejn ejwfy|yfwhwecj GHWH
T\ Yftvbw
Fqhm|bf 0- \ctwoeq jcwhwecj et h |c|vbhy ejwfymfgehwf dcgf ocy ejwfy|yfwfyt Waf
ejwfymfgehwf dcgf ocy h tcvydf twyejn h + i*d dcvbg bcck bekf waf ocbbc~ejn 0
T$8> T$7 T$95 * +
^afyf fhda ED vjew yftfmibft h wckfj
1% Getdvtt waf dcm|ebhwecj co waf fq|yfttecj ej gfwhebt hjg hbtc nef
hyecvt twf|t ej waf dcgf nfjfyhwecj co waf Fq|yfttecj *
Waf mh`cy ettvft ej dcgf nfjfyhwecj ocy fq|yfttecj hyf ht ocbbc~t 0
8 Tfbfdwecj co waf ejtwyvdwecjt wc if vtfg ej waf whynfw dcgf9 Vtf co yfnetwfy hjg ahjgbejn co |hywehb yftvbwt
Ejwfy|yfwfy
\yf|ycdfttcy Ejwfy|yfwfy
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 7>
Waf fhbvhwecj cygfy co c|fyhwcyt gf|fjgt cj c|fyhwcy |yfdfgfjdft
Wafyf hyf w~c wu|ft co gftdye|wcyt
8 C|fyhjg gftdye|wcy9
Yfnetwfy gftdye|wcy
C|fyhjg Gftdye|wcy 0- C|fyhjg gftdye|wcy et vtfg wc mhejwhej waf wu|f " bfjnwa hjg
hggyftthiebewu ejocymhwecj ocy fhda c|fyhjg H \hywehb yftvbw et waf hbvf co tcmf
tvifq|yfttecj dcm|vwfg ~aebf fhbvhwejn hj fq|yfttecj
Hj c|fyhjg gftdye|wcy aht waf ocbbc~ejn oefbgt 0
Hwwyeivwft0 Ew dcjwhej waf tvioefbg wu|f / bfjnwa
Hggyftthiebewu0 Ew t|fdeoeft ~afyf waf c|fyhjg et bcdhwfg hjg ac~ ew dhj if hddfttfg Ew aht
w~c oefbgt
Hggyftthiebewu dcgf 0 Ew Whkft waf hbvft M!c|fyhjg et ej mfmcyu% hjg Y!c|fyhjg
et ej yfnetwfy%
Hggyftt0 Ew dcjwhej waf hggyftt co h D\V yfnetwfy cy mfmcyu ~cyg
Hj c|fyhjg gftdye|wcy et ivebw ocy ffyu c|fyhjg |hywede|hwejn ej hj fq|yfttecj ef
ocy egt " dcjtwhjwt hjg |hywehb yftvbwt H gftdye|wcy et ivebw ocy hj eg~afj waf eget yfgvdfg
gvyejn |hytejn
Ocy fqhm|bf 0- waf dcgf nfjfyhwfg ocy waf fq|yfttecj h*i et ht ocbbc~t 0
MC_FY HYFN" H
MVBW HYFN" I
Wayff c|fyhjg gftdye|wcyt hyf vtfg gvyejn dcgf nfjfyhwecj Httvmejn h"i wc if
ejwfnfyt cddv|uejn 8 mfmcyu ~cyg" waftf hyf 0
Gftdye|wcy ocy h
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Yfnetwfy Gftdye|wcy 0- H yfnetwfy gftdye|wcy aht w~c oefbgt 0
!ejw" 8% M" hggy!h%
!ejw" 8% M"hggy!h%
!ejw" 8% Y"hggy!HYFN%
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 71
Twhwvt 0 ew dcjwhej waf dcgf oyff cy cddv|efgwc ejgedhwf yfnetwfy twhwvt
C|fyhjg gftdye|wcy 0 Eo twhwvt = cddv|efg" waet oefbg dcjwhej waf gftdye|wcy $ ocy waf
c|fyhjg dcjwhejfg ej waf yfnetwfy
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~cvbg if
Waet ejgedhwft wahw yfnetwfy HYFN dcjwhejt waf c|fyhjg gftdyeifg iu gftdye|wcy
$4
5% ^ahw hyf waf hyecvt whtk ejcbft ej mfmcyu hbbcdhwecj |ycdftt*
Hvwcmhwed gujhmed hbbcdhwecj et em|bfmfjwfg vtejn waf fqwfjgfg twhdk mcgfb fhda
yfdcyg ej waf twhdk aht w~c yftfyfg |cejwfyt ejtwfhg co cjf fhda twhdk yfdcyg
hddcmmcghwft waf hyehibf ocy cjf hdwehwecj co h ibcdk " afjdf ~f dhbb ew hj hdwehwecj
yfdcyg !HY% Waf ocbbc~ejn jcwhwecj et vtfg wc yfofy wc waf hdwehwecj yfdcyg co h ibcdk
Gvyejn waf fqfdvwecj co h ibcdk twyvdwvyfg |ycnyhm " h yfnetwfy dhbbfg waf hdwehwecj
yfdcyg ihtf !HYI% hb~hut |cejwt wc waf twhyw hggyftt co waf WCT yfdcyg waet yfdcyg ifbcjnt
wc waf ibcdk ~aeda dcjwhej waf twhwfmfjw ifejn fqfdvwfg
Gujhmed \cejwfy 0-Waf oeytw yftfyfg |cejwfy ej h ibcdkt HY |cejwt wc waf hdwehwecj yfdcyg
co ewt gujhmed |hyfjw waet et dhbbfg gujhmed |cejwfy hjg aht waf hggyftt
gujhmed |cejwfy et vtfg ocy hbbcdhwejn HY
Cddv|efg $4
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 75
Q 0 yfhb ;
H u0 dahy;
I D p "~ 0 ejwfnfy ;
P 0 = 8
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 6" 18%^ahw hyf Fgewcyt 3 Fq|bhej hyecvt wu|ft co fgewcyt* Fgewejn et waf |ycdftt co tfbfdwejn hjg |yf|hyejn bhjnvhnf" emhnft" tcvjg" egfc" cy
oebm waycvna |ycdfttft co dcyyfdwecj" dcjgfjthwecj" cynhjephwecj" hjg cwafy
mcgeoedhwecjt ej hyecvt mfgeh H |fytcj ~ac fgewt et dhbbfg hj fgewcy
Ej cwafy ~hu " waf fgewcy et h |ycnyhm " ~aeda hbbc~t dyfhwejn h oebf" ~aeda dhj
dcjwhej D |ycnyhm" D++ |ycnyhm" httfmibu bhjnvhnf |ycnyhm fwd ew hbbc~t
mcgeouejn hjg v|ghwejn co waf oebf waftf hbb hyf ~cyg |ycdfttejn tcow~hyf
Wafyf hyf mhju wu|ft co fgewcyt " ivw wafu ohbb ejwc w~c nfjfyhb dhwfncyeft 0
8 Bejf fgewcyt9 Ovbb tdyffj fgewcyt
Bejf Fgewcyt 0- Wafyf hyf w~c gfoejewecjt ocy bejf fgewcy Fhybu dcm|vwfy |ycnyhmt
vtfg h bejf fgewcy |ycnyhm" ~aeda fhbvhwfg waf bejft hjg dhvnaw metwhkft
Wu|edhbbu" ac~ffy" waf wfym bejf fgewcy twhjgt ocy h dc|u fgewcy ~ac t|fdeoedhbbu
yfhgt h wfqw bejf iu bejf
Waet wu|f co fgewejn yfxveyft ~cyg ocy ~cyg yfhgejn co h wfqw" hjg h fyu nccg
tfjtf co |yc|fy nyhmmhy hjg vthnf Waf bejf fgewcy mhu mhkf dcmmfjwt wc
em|ycf yfhghiebewu hjg dahjnf hju nyhmmhwedhb metwhkft cy t|fbbejn fyycyt
Waf bejf fgewcy et mcyf oyfxvfjwbu dhbbfg h dc|u fgewcy" tejdf geyfdwbu yfhgejn
hjg fgewejn dc|u et waf mctw em|cywhjw ovjdwecj waf bejf fgewcy mvtw hbtc fhbvhwf
waf wfqw ocy dcjtetwfjdu
Ocy fqhm|bf" h bejf fgewcy menaw fhbvhwf waf ghwft ej h wfqw wc if dfywhej wahw
hbb ghwft hyf dcjtetwfjw Waf bejf fgewcy menaw hbtc yftfhyda hjg dafdk waf ohdwt ej h
gcdvmfjw wc if dfywhej wahw hbb ohdwt hyf hddvyhwf
Ovbb-Tdyffj Fgewcyt 0- H dcm|vwfy |ycnyhm wahw hbbc~t waf vtfy wc ~cyk ~ewa waf
dcm|vwfy ej hj ejwfyhdwef mhjjfy iu vtejn mctw co waf hyfh co h dhwacgf-yhu wvifcy temebhy fbfdwycjed get|bhu
Fqhm|bf
Medyctcow cyg Ej ovbb tdyffj fgewcy wafu hyf tv||cywfg iu mhdyc tv||cyw
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 67
Ew et tv||cywfg iu mcyf mfmcyu t|hdf ht dcm|hyfg wc cwafy ~ejgc~ fgewcy Ovbb tdyffj fgewcy gcftjw tv||cyw mvbwe|bf ~ejgc~* Ovbb tdyffj fgewcy ofhwvyf cj tejnbf ~ejgc~ 9% ^ahw et h Wfqw fgewcy3 Fq|bhej hyecvt wu|ft co wfqw fgewcy 3
H wfqw fgewcy et h tem|bf dcm|vwfy |ycnyhm ~aeda hbbc~t vtfyt wc dyfhwf" dahjnf" cy
fgew |bhej wfqw oebft
Wfqw fgewcyt dhj if vtfg ocy dyfhwejn dcm|vwfy |ycnyhmt" fgewejn waf tcvydf dcgf co
|ycnyhmmejn bhjnvhnft" fgewejn !AWMB%" hjg dyfhwejn ~fi |hnft Wafu hyf mctw
dcmmcjbu vtfg wcghu ocy |ycnyhmmejn |vy|ctft" yhwafy wahj dyfhwejn gcdvmfjwt
Wafyf hyf geoofyfjw wu|ft co wfqw fgewcyt 0
8 Bejf fgewcyt9 Twyfhm fgewcyt4 Tdyffj fgewcyt7 ^cyg |ycdfttcyt6 Twyvdwvyf fgewcytBejf Fgewcyt 0- waf tdc|f co fgew c|fyhwecj ej bejf fgewcy et bemewfg wc h bejf co wfqw
waf bejf et gftenjhwfg |ctewecjhbbu Waf |yemhyu hghjwhnf co bejf fgewcy et ewt
tem|bedewu
Hghjwhnft0-
Tem|bf ocy yfhg hjg ~yewf
Tem|bf ej gftenj hjg em|bfmfjwhwecj
Gethghjwhnft0-
Jcw vtfy oyefjgbu
cjbu tejnbf bejf et vtfg ocy fgewejn
Twyfhm Fgewcyt 0- H twyfhm fgewcyt ef~t waf fjweyf wfqw ht h twyfhm co dahyhdwfyt
Twyfhm fgewcyt wu|edhbbu tv||cywt dahyhdwfy " bejf hjg dcjwfqw cyefjwfg dcmmhjgt
Bejf hjg twyfhm fgewcyt wu|edhbbu mhejwhej mvbwe|bf yf|yftfjwhwecj co wfqw
Tdyffj Fgewcyt 0- H tdyffj fgewcyt vtft waf ~ahw-ucv-tff-et-~ahw-ucv-nfw |yejde|bf
ej fgewcy gftenj waf fgewcy get|bhut h tdyffjovb co wfqw hw h wemf waf vtfy dhj mcf
waf dvytcy cfy waf tdyffj " |ctewecj ew hw waf |cejw ~afyf af gfteyft wc |fyocym
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 66
tcmf fgewejn Ew et |ctteibf wc tff waf foofdw co hj fgew c|fyhwecj cj waf tdyffj Waet et
fyu vtfovb ~aebf |fyocymejn waf wfqw wc |ycgvdf |yejwfg gcdvmfjwt
^cyg \ycdfttcy 0- ^cyg |ycdfttcyt hyf ihtedhbbu gcdvmfjw fgewcyt ~ewa hggewecjhb
ofhwvyft wc |ycgvdf ~fbb ocymhwwfg ahyg dc|u cvw|vw Fttfjwehb ofhwvyft co ~cyg
|ycdfttcyt hyf dcmmhjg ocy mcejn tfdwecjt co wfqw oycm cjf |bhdf wc hjcwafy "mfynejn co wfqw hjg tfhydaejn hjg yf|bhdfmfjw co ~cygt mhju ~cyg |ycdfttcyt
tv||cyw t|fbb-dafdk c|wecj ^cygTwhyet h |c|vbhy fgewcy co waet dbhtt
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co h gcdvmfjw waet et vtfovb ej iyc~tejn waycvna h gcdvmfjw Fn Eo h |ycnyhmmfy
~etaft wc fgew h t|fdeoed ovjdwecj ej h |ycnyhm oebf waf twyvdwvyf et t|fdeoefg iu waf
vtfy ~aebf dyfhwejn waf gcdvmfjw H t|fdehb dbhtt co twyvdwvyf fgewcyt dhbbfg Tujwhq
geyfdwfg fgewcyt hyf vtfg ej h |ycnyhmmejn fjeycjmfjw
4% ^ahw hyf waf Ofhwvyft co wfqw fgewcyt 3
Wafyf hyf geoofyfjw ofhwvyft co wfqw fgewcyt
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c|wecjhbbu yf|bhdejn waf tfhyda twyejn ~ewa h yf|bhdfmfjw twyejn
Dvw" Dc|u hjg \htwf 0- mctw wfqw fgewcyt |ycegf mfwacgt wc gv|bedhwf hjg mcf wfqw
~ewaej waf oebf cy ifw~ffj oebft
Wfqw ocymhwwejn 0- Wfqw fgewcyt cowfj |ycegf wfqw fgewejn ofhwvyft bekf bejf ~yh| "
dcmmfjw ocymhwwejn fwd
Vjgc hjg Yfgc 0- Ht ~ewa ~cyg |ycdfttcyt " wfqw fgewcyt ~ebb |ycegf h ~hu wc vjgc
hjg yfgc ~ewa cbgfy wfqw fgewcyt " wafyf et cjbu cjf bffb co fgew aetwcyu
Em|cywejn 0- yfhgejn waf dcjwfjw co hjcwafy wfqw oebf ejwc waf oebf dvyyfjwbu ifejn
fgewfg tcmf wfqw fgewcyt |ycegf h ~hu wc ejtfyw waf cvw|vw co h dcmmhjg ettvfg wc waf
c|fyhwejn tutwfmt tafbb
Oebwfyejn 0- Tcmf hghjdfg wfqw fgewcyt hbbc~ ucv wc tfjg hbb cy tfdwecj co waf oebf ifejn
fgewfg wc hjcwafy vwebewu hjg yfhg waf yftvbw ihdk ejwc waf oebf ej |bhdf co waf bejf ifejn
oebwfyfg *
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 6?
7% ^ahw gc ucv mfhj iu ci`fdw mcgvbf3 fq|bhej hbb waf dcm|cjfjwtwahwhyf |yftfjw ej ci`fdw mcgvbf *
Waf ci`fdw mcgvbf co h |ycnyhm dcjwhej hbb waf ejocymhwecj jfdftthyu wc yfbcdhwf
hjg bejk waf |ycnyhm ~ewa cwafy |ycnyhm waf ci`fdw mcgvbf co h |ycnyhm \ dcjtetw co
7 dcm|cjfjwt 0
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\ycnyhm 0- waet dcm|cjfjw dcjwhejt waf mhdaejf bhjnvhnf |ycnyhm dcyyft|cjgejn wc
\
Yfbcdhwecj Whibf 0- !YFBCDWHI% waet whibf gftdyeift EYY!Ejtwyvdwecj Yfxveyewu
Yfbcdhwecj%| fhda yfbcdhwecj whibf fjwyu dcjwhej h tejnbf oefbg
Wyhjtbhwfg hggyftt 0 wyhjtbhwfg hggyftt co hj hggyftt tfjtewef ejtwyvdwecj
Bejkejn Whibf 0- !BEJKWHI% waet whibf dcjwhej waf ejocymhwecj dcjdfyjejn waf |vibed
gfoejewecjt cy fqwfyjhb yfofyfjdf
Fhda BEJKWHI fjwyu dcjwhej wayff oefbgt 0
Tumicb 0- Tumicbed jhmf
Wu|f 0- ejgedhwf ~afwafy |vibed gfoejewecj cy fqwfyjhb yfofyfjdf
Wyhjtbhwfg hggyftt 0- Ocy h |vibed gfoejewecj " waet et waf hggyftt co waf oeytw
mfmcyu ~cyg hbbcdhwfg wc waf tumicb Ocy hj fqwfyjhb yfofyfjdft " ew et wafhggyftt co waf mfmcyu ~cyg ~aeda et yfxveyfg wc dcjwhej waf hggyftt co waf
tumicb
6% Nef waf geoofyfjdf Ifw~ffj Bejkfy hjg Bchgfy *
Waf bchgfy et waf |ycnyhm wahw bchgt waf ci`fdw |ycnyhm oycm waf tfdcjghyu mfmcyu
ejwc mhej mfmcyu ocy fqfdvwecj co waf |ycnyhm
Waf bejkfy et waf |ycnyhm wahw bejkt hbb waf ci`fdw mcgvbf co |ycnyhm
Waf mhej geoofyfjdf ifw~ffj bejkfy hjg bchgfy hyf twhwfg ifbc~ 0
Bchgfy 0
8 Mhej whtk co bchgfy et wc bchg h tcvydf |ycnyhm ejwc mfmcyu hjg wafj |yf|hyf ew ocyovywafy fqfdvwecjt
9 Waf wu|f co bchgfy ejdbvgft hitcbvwf bchgfy " yfbcdhwejn hjg gujhmed bejkejn bchgfyt
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JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 6>
4 Bchgfy |ycegft waf hbbcdhwecj co mfmcyu ocy |ycnyhmt7 Ew bchgt waf mcgvbft hjg beiyhyeft ocy ovywafy fqfdvwecj6 Waf bchgfy dhj |fyocym waf bejkejn ovjdwecj
Bejkfy 0
8 Waf |vy|ctf co waf bejkfy et wc bejk hbb ci`fdw mcgvbf |ycnyhmt hjg jfdftthyubeiyhyeft
9 Wafyf hyf w~c wu|ft co bejkfy Twhwed hjg gujhmed4 Ew bejkt cjbu geoofyfjw ci`fdw mcgvbf co wahw |ycnyhmt 7 Ew cjbu bejkt mcgvbft hjg beiyhyeft ocy ovywafy fqfdvwecj6 Ew et hdwvhbbu h |hyw co bchgfyt ovjdwecj*
?% ^ahw et Gfivnnfyt 3 fq|bhej ew wu|ft ej gfwheb*
Gfivnnfyt hyf waf tutwfm |ycnyhmt wahw hyf vtfg wc gfivn waf ej|vw |ycnyhm ew afb|t
waf tutwfm |ycnyhmmfyt wc tfhyda ocy ivnt ej |ycnyhm hjg dcyyfdw hbb co wafm
Ej hggewecj wc waet " gfivnnejn et waf |ycdftt wc oejg hjg yfmcf fyycyt cy ivnt
hhebhibf ej waf |ycnyhm ew mfhjt wahw |hywedvbhy |ycnyhm dhj if gfivnnfg twf| ~etf
Wafyf hyf w~c wu|ft co gfivnnejn wfdajexvft 0
8 Tejnbf twf| dcjwycb mfwacg9 Iyfhk |cejw mfwacgTejnbf Twf| Dcjwycb Mfwacg 0- Ej tejnbf twf| dcjwycb mfwacg " waf vtfy dhj dafdk cvwdcjwfjwt co waf yfnetwfy " mfmcyu hjg hyehibft howfy fqfdvwejn fhda twf| co |ycnyhm ew
afb|t waf |ycnyhmmfy wc oejg waf ivnt hjg yfmcf hbb co wafm " twhwfmfjw iu twhwfmfjw
Waet mfwacg et vtfg cjbu ocy tmhbb tepf |ycnyhm dcgft ew et wemf dcjtvmejn hjg jcw
tvewfg ocy bcjnfy |ycnyhm Waet mfwacg dhjjcw oejg wemejn fyycyt hjg fyycyt ej geyfdw -
mfmcyu hddftt
Iyfhk \cejw Mfwacg 0- Waf iyfhk |cejw mfwacg hbbc~t vtfy wc tfw h iyfhk |cejw ej h
|ycnyhm wc dafdk waf dcjwfjwt co yfnetwfy " mfmcyu " hjg hyehibft
waf |ycnyhm fqfdvwecj et ahbwfg hw waf iyfhk |cejw " ocy vtfy wc fhbvhwf ocy
ejwfymfgehwf yftvbw gvyejn fqfdvwecj ew hbtc afb|t wc bcdhbepf waf fyycyt hjg wc tke| waf
dcgf wahw et fyycy oyff
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 61
>% ^ahw et cfybhu3 ^ahw et cfybhu twyvdwvyfg |ycnyhm 3 Nef |yc|fy
fqhm|bf* CY ^ahw gc ucv mfhj iu cfybhu hjg cfybhu twyvdwvyfg
|ycnyhmt3
Hj cfybhu et h |hyw co h |ycnyhm ~aeda aht waf thmf bchg cyenej ht tcmf cwafy |hywt co
waf |ycnyhm
Cfybhut hyf vtfg wc yfgvdf waf mhej mfmcyu yfxveyfmfjw co h |ycnyhm
Cfybhu twyvdwvyfg |ycnyhmt 0 H cfybhu twyvdwvyfg |ycnyhm dcjtetw co
8 H |fymhjfjwbu yftegfjw |cywecj " dhbbfg yccw 9 H tfw co cfybhut
Fqfdvwecj co hj cfybhu twyvdwvyfg |ycnyhm |ycdffgt ht ocbbc~t 0 Wc twhyw ~ewa waf yccw
et bchgfg ejwc mfmcyu hjg nefj waf dcjwycb ocy waf |vy|ctf co fqfdvwecj Cwafy cfybhuthyf bchgfg ~afjffy jfdftthyu
waet yfgvdf waf mfmcyu yfxveyfmfjw co h |ycnyhm ew et hbtc |ctteibf wc fqfdvwf
|ycnyhmt ~actf tepf fqdffgt waf hmcvjw co mfmcyu ~aeda dhj if hbbcdhwfg wc wafm
Waf cfybhu twyvdwvyf co h |ycnyhm et gftenjfg iu egfjweouejn mvwvhbbu
fqdbvtef mcgvbft- wahw et mcgvbft ~aeda gc jcw dhbb fhda cwafy Tvda mcgvbft gc jcw
yftegf ej mfmcyu Afjdf " wafu hyf bcdhwfg ej geoofyfjw cfybhut ~ewa waf thmf bchg cyenej
Fqhm|bf 0- Dcjtegfy h |ycnyhm ~ewa teq tfdwecjt jhmfg ejew " yfhg " wyhjtSh " wyhjtSi "
wyhjtSd " hjg |yejw *
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tfw co ghwh WyhjtSh" wyhjtSi hjg wyhjtSd hyf mvwvhbbu fqdbvtef wafu dhj if mhgf ejwc
tf|hyhwf cfybhut Yfhg hjg |yejw hyf |vw ej waf yccw co waf |ycnyhm tejdf wafu hyf jffgfg
ocy fhda tfw co ghwh
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TUTWFM TCOW^HYF
JETAEW KHDAEUH \hnf 65
1% Geoofyfjdf ifw~ffj Jcj yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhmt "Yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhmt
hjg tfbo-yfbcdhwejn |ycnyhmt*
H jcj yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhm et h |ycnyhm ~aeda dhjjcw if fqfdvwfg ej hju mfmcyu hyfhcwafy wahj waf hyfh twhywejn cj ewt wyhjtbhwfg cyenej
Waf geoofyfjdf ifw~ffj h yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhm hjg h jcj yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhm et waf
hhebhiebewu co ejocymhwecj dcjdfyjejn waf hggyftt tfjtewef ejtwyvdwecjt ej ew
H yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhm dhj if |ycdfttfg wc yfbcdhwf ew wc h gfteyfg hyfh co mfmcyu
H tfbo-yfbcdhwejn |ycnyhm et h |ycnyhm ~aeda dhj |fyocym waf yfbcdhwecj co ewt c~j
hggyftt tfjtewef ejtwyvdwecjt Ew dcjwhej waf ocbbc~ejn w~c tfdwecj ocy waet |vy|ctf 0
8 H whibf co ejocymhwecj dcjdfyjejn waf hggyftt tfjtewef ejtwyvdwecjt
9Dcgf wc |fyocym waf yfbcdhwecj co hggyftt tfjtewef ejtwyvdwecjt Waet et dhbbfg waf
yfbcdhwejn bcned*
Waf twhyw hggyftt co waf yfbcdhwejn bcned et t|fdeoefg ht waf fqfdvwecj twhyw
hggyftt co waf |ycnyhm ew vtft waf bchg hggyftt wc |fyocym ewt c~j yfbcdhwecj
Fqfdvwecj dcjwycb et jc~ wyhjtofyyfg wc waf yfbcdhwfg |ycnyhm
H tfbo yfbcdhwejn |ycnyhm dhj fqfdvwf ej hju hyfh co waf mfmcyu waet et
fyu em|cywhjw ej wemf tahyejn c|fyhwejn tutwfm
-:Tfbo yfbcdhwejn |ycnyhmt hyf bftt fooedefjw wahj yfbcdhwhibf |ycnyhmt
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8/2/2019 s s Chapter Wise Notes
60/62
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