RussiaRussia
Ivan IVIvan IVAt the age of 3, Ivan IV’s
father dies, making him Crown Prince; his mother serves as a regent, but is assassinated via poison when he is only 8
After this, boyars (nobles) rule until Ivan is old enough to take the throne, but the boyars still intimidate and offend him
Ivan IV (Ivan the Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)Terrible)
To make matters worse, Ivan’s beloved wife dies, and he begins to go crazy
He tells the boyars to swear allegiance to his infant son; they refuse◦So… he kills them◦This is one way that Ivan begins to
take power away from the nobles like any good absolute monarch would
Ivan, already completely mad, beats his pregnant daughter-in-law for wearing immodest clothing… it causes a miscarriage
His son hears of this and confronts Ivan; a fight happens and Ivan kills his own son
As for Ivan? He dies playing chess
So What?So What? Ivan the Terrible is the man who
created Russian feudalism: He passes a law that restricts peasant
movement, essentially making them serfs He introduced local self-
management in rural Russia The first Russian printing press
was created during his reign He wages the Livonian War (against
Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden) which nearly breaks Russia
He expands Russian territory AND… He’s the FIRST to be called a
TSAR
Time of TroublesTime of Troubles The Livonian Wars truly breaks Russia Having a crazy Tsar does not help After a few dynasties that struggle in post-
Ivan times, we find ourselves in the Times of Troubles
This includes continued fighting with the Poles as a disjointed nation led by boyars AND a huge famine that kills off TONS
Cossacks begin to get restless… not good for villages A Cossack is a militaristic community
(don’t mess with them) The Troubles end with boyars fighting
and Michael Romanov gaining control
RomanovsRomanovsMichael is grandnephew of Ivan
the Terrible’s wifeRomanov dynasty rules Russia for 300 years (1613-1917)
Peter the Great (1682-Peter the Great (1682-1725)1725)1696 – Peter
becomes sole ruler of Russia◦ He had a brother,
but he died
Make a Chart like this one for Make a Chart like this one for the next slidethe next slide
Russia Western Europe
Labor
Religion
Geography
Russia vs. EuropeRussia vs. Europe
Russia Western Europe
Labor – Russian landowners treat serfs like property. Serfdom lasts until the mid-1800s
Religion – Orthodox Christian
Geography – Geographically isolated and few seaports
Labor – many serfs have won their freedom and now live in the cities
Religion – Catholic and Protestant
Geography – Helped trade and made political connections possible
Peter The GreatPeter The GreatPeter thought that Russia was
very much behind the timesHe wanted Russia to become more like Western Europe
This meant that he and Russia had to engage in WESTERNIZATION
Westernization Westernization An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western countries (esp. European or American)
Peter did this by◦Introducing potatoes◦Starting the first Russian newspaper◦Raising women’s status◦Ordering nobles to wear Western fashions◦Advancing education
Five Goals towards Five Goals towards WesternizationWesternizationGain land on the Baltic coast and
build a major port city there. Destroy the power of the
Streltsy (Russian guardsmen) so the army could be modernized.
Limit the power of the Boyars, the Russian nobility.
Establish a strong Russian navy, both military and merchant.
Gain acceptance from the rest of Europe that Russia was a major power basically by “modernizing”.
FIRST GOAL: THE SEAFIRST GOAL: THE SEA Russia has a lot of
water access to the North, but what tends to happen to water when it gets cold?
Peter needs a water route to Western Europe
He wants the Baltic Sea
This is probably the most important of Peter’s goals
Thanks to Peter the GreatThanks to Peter the Great
Well He DID Love To Well He DID Love To LearnLearn
Peter went on the famous “European Tour”
He dressed as a regular guy and went around Europe, learning the tools of the trade Blacksmiths,
tradesmen, bankers, sailors, weavers, he saw and did it all
When he returned to Russia, his head was full of ideas of how Russia should run in order for it to be “European”
I swear to God,
Mikhail, he said shave the whole thing off!
Peter orders his boyars to shave their beards and begin to dress in the Western style
Changes in Mother Changes in Mother RussiaRussia
Russia is divided into provinces and run on ‘police-state’ mode
Reformed the Russian Orthodox Church
Created the “Table of Ranks” Boyars no longer get their title by birth,
but by merit and service to the emperor (first their beards and now their titles… not too happy)
All nobles and royalty must go to school and receive an education!
Introduced new taxes Capital moved to St. Petersburg
and in Peterhof
St. Petersburg and St. Petersburg and PeterhofPeterhof
First, Peter liked his nameSt. Petersburg is created in order to look like Paris, a prestigious European city◦St. Petersburg is Peter’s “Window to the West”
Peterhof is the royal palace (completed in 1725), and is called the “Russian Versailles”
PETERHOF OR PETERHOF OR VERSAILLES?VERSAILLES?
VERSAILLES PETERHOF
PETERHOF OR PETERHOF OR VERSAILLES?VERSAILLES?
PETERHOF VERSAILLES
PETERHOF OR PETERHOF OR VERSAILLES?VERSAILLES?
PETERHOF VERSAILLES
ST PETERSBURG OR ST PETERSBURG OR PARIS?PARIS?
ST PETERSBURG PARIS