Biology EOC Review
Lafayette County C-1 High School2013
BIO
LOG
Y B
LUEPR
INT
Roughly there will be between 35-40 multiple choice questions in the First Session. These questions will cover concepts covered throughout this course
Second Session will be a performance event. This is generally a series of questions about experimental design.
Strand 3: Characteristics and interactions of Living Organisms (36%-44%)
Strand 4: Changes in Ecosystems and Interactions of Organisms with their Environments (22% - 27%)
Strand 8: Scientific Inquiry (36%)
So…Basically 36-44% is Cells 22% - 27% is Ecology 36% is Inquiry
Our units we covered this year:› Scientific Method/Experiment› Cell Parts and Function, Homeostasis› Cellular Energy› Cellular Reproduction› DNA, Genetics and Heredity› Ecology
Scientific Inquiry Purpose and research-
what is your question and is there already an answer out there
Hypothesis – If…then… This should be a testable question
Analysis – tables, charts, graphs
Conclusion should support or refute the hypothesis and explain!
Graph needs Title and Labels: Change in plant height over time in different soil.
Your line graph will represent change over time
IV – What you change DV – How you
measure that change Constant – What
stays the same Control – Test subject
that isn’t changed
wee
k 1
wee
k 2
wee
k 3
wee
k 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Soil 1Soil 2Soil 3
Time in different soils
Pla
nt
Heig
ht,
cm
CellsStructure and Function
CELLS: Types of cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Parts No organelles, no nucleus
Has organelles and a nucleus
Examples Bacteria Animals/Plants
DNA for replication Simple, forms a loose circle
Complex, form chromosomes
How to remember Pro = No brain (nucleus)
You are eukaryotic, You have a brain
Cell Parts and Function Cell Parts Animated What are the cell parts and what do they do?
› Cytoplasm/Cytosol› Plasma membrane/cell membrane› Nucleus* & nuclear membrane› Nucleolus› Mitchondria* or Chloroplast*› Ribosomes*› Smooth ER› Rough ER› Lysosomes› Golgi bodies*› Vacuoles
Differences between
Animal Plant
Centrioles --
Small vacuoles Central Vacuole- large
-- Chloroplast w/chlorophyll
-- Cell Wall
Cellular Energy
All energy comes from the sun – converted here on Earth
The chemical equation of: › Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
› Cellular Respiration› C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O and ATP
(cellular energy)
Photosynthesis in action
In depth look at Photosynthesis
In short…› Light Reactions- on thylakoid membrane
Photosystem II Photosystem I makes energy molecules
› Dark Reactions/The Calvin Cycle Products – Glucose (6-Carbon sugar) and O2
Cellular Respiration In action Sum it up:
› Glycolysis- anaerobic, in the cytoplasm › Kreb’s Cycle – aerobic, in the mitochondrial
matrix, makes 4 ATP and uses 2ATP› ETC – in the mitochondria, majority of ATP
made here
-Total of 38 ATP are produced but 2 ATP are used so there is a net gain of 36ATP made.
Cellular Respiration, pt2 If no oxygen is present, the cycle reverts
to anaerobic process of fermentation Two types we studied:
› Lactic Acid – produces a lactic acid; uses include dairy products like cheese and yogurt and what causes cramps in muscles
› Alcoholic – produces an alcohol; such as in wine/beer making and bread making (the CO2 bubbles are what make the bread rise and the smell is from alcohol burning off)
Let’s take a few minutes to see how it all works together
Cellular Reproduction
The reproduction of cells.. They reproduce, often.
› Mitosis› Meiosis› Binary Fission
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
I P M A T Interphase – most of cell life is here, time
of growing, dividing and preparing for division.
Prophase- chromosomes pair up Metaphase – chromosomes meet in middle Anaphase – Spindle fibers pull to ends of
cell Telophase - Two cells are seen
Cytokinesis- completed two cells
Binary Fission – Asexual
DNA, Genetics & Heredity
You find DNA in every cell of living things.
All traits are passed on to offspring though genes
Genes are locations on the chromosome
Chromosomes are made of DNA that is tightly wound
Karyotype is an assembled picture of all the chromosomes.
Key Terms Homozgous – same alelles (TT or tt) Heterozygous – different alelles (Tt) Phenotype – physical appearance (Blue
eyes) Genotype – genetic makeup (homo dom ,
Tt) Dominant – trait that shows (TT or Tt, brown
eyes) Recessive – trait that shows only when no
dominant is present (tt , blue eyes)
Proteins are found in our body as muscle, hair, enzymes, etc.
Protein Synthesis:
› DNA -> RNA -> Protein› Occurs in ribosome
› SO- DNA codes for RNA, RNA travels to ribosome where proteins are assembled
Genes unwind
Ecology
Populations Biomes Communities Food webs/Energy pathways
Key Topics
Growth models Population regulation: limiting and non-
limiting factors Stability and succession: primary,
secondary and climax Niche
Key Topics
Competition Predator + prey, Natural Selection Mimicry Symbiosis:
› Parasitism› Mutualism› Commensalism