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Rothalpy
P M V SubbaraoProfessor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Design variations through Conservation of Rothalpy….
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Blade Velocity Vs Tangential Component of Fluid Velocity
Ub
Ub
Vi
Vai
Vfi
2222
2
1bladebladerx UUVVVhI
Vri
In maridional plane at mean radius of rotor & inlet
bladerx UVVVVhIRothalpy 22
1: 222
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UbV i
Vai
VfiVri
Ub
V i
Vai Vfi
Vri
V iUb
Vai
Vfi
Vri
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22,
22
2
1: bladerelrx UVVVhIRothalpy
22
2
1: bladerel UVhIRothalpy
Relative Angular Velocity
bladeblade
rel UVhU
hIRothalpy 0
2
,0 2:
Constant in an ideal turbo-machine
2222
2
1bladebladerx UUVVVhI
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Evolution of Relative Velocity Along Flow Path
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For stator path : Ublade =0
constant: 0,0 hhEnthalpyStagnation rel
For rotor Paths :
constant2
: 0
2
,0 bladeblade
rel UVhU
hIRothalpy
For a true axial flow rotor paths: Ublade constant
constant: ,0 relhIRothalpy
Classification of Isentropic Expansion Paths
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Turbo-machines working with Vapors/Gas
constant2
: 0
2
,0 bladeblade
rel UVhU
hIRothalpy
constant,2
,0,0
0
2
0
blade
T
pblade
T
p UVdTTpcU
dTTpcIrel
For an ideal gas:
constant2
0,0
0
2
0
blade
T
pblade
T
p UVdTTcU
dTTcIrel
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For simple compressible fluid: Like Inert Gas
constant2
: 0
2
,0 bladepblade
relp UVTcU
TcIRothalpy
constant2
0,0
0
2
0
blade
T
pblade
T
p UVdTcU
dTcIrel
Turbo-machines working with Perfect Gas
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The Fourth Generation Nuclear Power Plants
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An Advanced Nuclear Power Plant
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The Ultimate Importance of Invariant Property : Rothalpy
constant2
:2
,0 bladerel
UhIRothalpy
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Selection of Stator-Rotor Combinations
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From Books of Sir Charles Parson
• In 1884 or four years previously, I dealt with the turbine problem in a different way.
• It seemed to me that moderate surface velocities and speeds of rotation were essential if the turbine motor was to receive general acceptance as a prime mover.
• I therefore decided to split up the fall in pressure of the steam into small fractional expansions over a large number of turbines in series, so that the velocity of the steam nowhere should be great.
• A moderate speed of turbine suffices for the highest economy.
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• This principle of compounding turbines in series is now universally used in all except very small engines, where economy in steam is of secondary importance.
• The arrangement of small falls in pressure at each turbine also appeared to me to be surer to give a high efficiency.
• The steam flowed practically in a non-expansive manner through each individual turbine, and consequently in an analogous way to water in hydraulic turbines whose high efficiency at that date had been proved by accurate tests.
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Classification of Steam Turbine Flow Paths