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Roses
March 20, 2019Presented by: Phyllis Jiacalone
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Rose & AZ- History• 1985 – Rose became “National Floral Emblem of the US”• Oct 7, 1986 –The Rose became the official flower of the US
& signed by President Reagan in a White House Rose Garden ceremony.
• Arizona State Flower is the Saguaro• Cactus blossom since 1931- it• normally blooms in May & June.•
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What We Will Cover• Grades of Roses• Types of Roses• Planting• Fertilizers• Pruning• Safety
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Bare rootPackaged
Containerized
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Bare Root GradesAmerican Nursery Standard Rose Grades
Grade 1: 3 or more canes, about ¾” diameter & large well developed roots;must be 2 yrs old when harvested from field
Grade 1 ½ : 2 strong canes; w/care will catch up to Grade 1-less canesGrade 2: Bargain –often with small canes, substandard
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Types of Roses• Hybrid Teas
Most popular; long stemw/ single flower
• Floribundas Many blooms per stem, shrub rose
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Grandiflora’s - Cross betweenhybrid tea and floribunda; massesof large flowers
Miniature Roses
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Planting Bare-Root Roses
½ cup triple super phosphate½ cup sulfurSoil (50% organic matter & 50%
native soil, e.g. clay)
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Digging the Hole1. Plant roses at least 3 feet apart
in a location with at least 6 hrsof sunlight/day
2. Dig hole at least 18” to 24” deep and same in width
3. Put soil and amendments in the hole in the shape of a cone
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Planting Bare-root 1. Soak entire bush in water – 8 to 24 hrs prior to
planting2. Trim canes back to 8 to 10 inches to outward facing
bud eye3. Cut off damaged roots4. Spread roots over cone when planting5. Keep bud union just under the soil level6. Cover roots with compost/soil mixture7. Water slowly and deeply to remove air pockets & to
keep roots from drying out8. Firm up soil around bush, but don’t compact it9. Top-dress with mulch
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Planting Container-grown 1. Same size hole as bare-root2. No need for cone, but can
still add triple superphosphate and sulfur
3. Carefully remove from container,try not to disturb root ball
4. Carefully straighten coiled roots
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When to Plant & Prune – Yavapai County
Prescott, Prescott Valley, Chino Valley– Plant bare root – February / March– Plant container grown – Start in February– Prune – Start mid March
Sedona, Cottonwood, Verde Valley– Plant bare root – February / March – Plant container grown – Start in January– Prune – Start February
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Fertilizers• Ideal pH for roses is 6.0 to 6.5 –
6.5 to 7.0 is ok for Yavapai County• Fertilize newly planted roses only with
organic products• 1 cup of Epsom salt - good for roots & it
helps stimulates new canes (basil breaks)• Roses love nitrogen ( fish emulsion or alfalfa
pellets)• Organic or chemical fertilizers OK (organic
fertilizers work more slowly than chemical)
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Fertilizing Established RosesMarch – after pruning
– Organic material ( compost)– Mulch or Milorganite
Mid-April through September– ½ to 1 cup Epsom salt in mid-April & twice again this year – Systemic rose food (follow directions )– Fish emulsion monthly
Don’t fertilize after September
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Enjoying Cut RosesEstablished plants
Cut ¼ inch above outward facing five-leaflet; leave as manyleaves as possible onthe plant
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Problems• Aphids• Thrips• Cane Borers• Spider Mites• Leaf Cutter Bees• Powdery Mildew• Crown Gall
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AphidsAphids can be green, yellow, brown, red,
or black
Potential damage: curled, yellow, & distorted leaves, stunted shoots, honeydew which turns black w/ growth of sooty mold fungus. Ants are attracted to honeydew.
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Thrips
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Managing Aphids & Thrips• Check your garden for beneficials (lady
bugs, lacewings, etc.)• Cut off infected buds & blooms• Use high pressure hose• Hang yellow sticky traps (thrips)• Spray
– insecticidal soap– Neem – Organocide (Example-of an Organic spray)
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Cane Borers• Tunnels into canes
soon after winter pruning
• If hole present, cut back until cane is healthy
• Use wood glue to seal wound if desired
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Spider Mites• Real sticky, real small
on leaves• Sometimes webbing• Hot, dry weather
Manage with strong stream of (soapy) water
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Leaf Cutter Bees• Circular leaf cuts• Damage only cosmetic
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Powdery Mildew• Cool damp nights, warm days,
spread by wind; poor air circulation• Mostly on leaves as small blisters
followed by white or gray powderyspots
• Manage with good gardening practices, cleanup old leaves & pruned material, hard spray of water; spray with fungicide or just water
Preventative: 1 Tbsp baking soda, ½ tsp liquid soap, 1 tsp horticulture oil,
1 gal water
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Crown Gall• Infects through wounds (weed
trimmer, lawn mower etc.)• Plant gradually declines as gall
develops at base of plant• Remove and destroy infected
plants• Don’t replant
roses in this soil
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Beneficial Insects
Larva eats aphids
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Egg casing
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Similar Cane Symptoms
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Pruning
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Why Prune• Winter pruning (when
dormant) - to stimulate new growth
• Dead-heading (through growing season) to stimulate more flowers
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Late Winter PruningRemove: • crossing branches• dead canes• diseased canes• suckers below graft union• stems less than pencil size• all leaves
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Cut canes above a bud, slanting away from bud
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• Use wire brush to scrub old gray crusty wood
• Put 1 cup Epsom salt on soil and water in
To generate new growth on old wood -
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Hybrid Teas• Leave 5 to 8 canes on vigorous
bushes; can leave up to 12 canes if good spread
• Amount to prune varies w/ available space as plants grow older; general rule – cut back new cane growth about 1/3 to 1/2
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Grandiflora
• 4-8 ft tall• Leave 3-5 canes• Cut height back by 1/3 to 1/2
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Floribunda
• Often needthinning in center
• Can leave more canes thanHydrid Tea and Grandiflora
• Take less than 1/3 off the top
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Carpet Roses
Shear off or cut back so that it is about a foot tall or cut off the top 2/3 of the
plant (can use hedge shears or a hedge trimmer)
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Climbers• Leave major canes to support desired shape• Cut side branches off major canes to
encourage more new growth (flowers)• Remove all leaves• Cut crossing, dead canes from base
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Safety• Wear sunblock to protect from UV rays• Get tetanus shot every 10 yrs – working with soil• Wear long sleeves, gloves, eye protection• If spraying chemicals, wear mask and wash clothing separate
from other laundry• Wear closed shoes – no open toes when gardening• Never spray chemicals if wind is blowing• Best to spray in early morning (cool and air is still) – don’t
spray if over 80°• Try to use organic sprays to protect the good bugs• Be environmentally friendly!!!!
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Resources• American Rose Society
http://www.ars.org/
• Rose diseases & pestshttp://sactorose.org/rosebug/
Created by Yavapai County Master Gardeners: Phyllis Jiacalone & Mary Barnes
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Questions??????