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ROOSEVELT
1912
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“BULLY”Very Good!
Well Done!
Excellent!
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A MAN OF ACTION
@ HOMESQUARE DEAL
COAL MINERS’ STRIKE
RAILROAD REGULATION(Elkins and Hepburn Acts)
CLEAN FOOD
TRUST-BUSTING
THE ENVIRONMENT
ABROADTHE BIG STICK
PANAMA CANAL
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
GREAT WHITE FLEET
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ANEW
NATIONALISM
TR and The Progressive Party PRESENT
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• direct primaries for all state and national offices
• direct election of senators
• ballot initiative, referendum, and recall
• an easier method for amending the Constitution
• women’s suffrage
• limits on individual campaign contributions
• registration of lobbyists
• opening congressional committee hearings to the public
• permitting Supreme Court decisions to be reversed by national referendum
• a ban on labor injunctions
• national occupational safety standards
• prohibition of child labor
• a minimum wage for women
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• a six-day workweek and an 8-hour day
• workmen’s compensation insurance
• a social security system
• improved educational standards
• creation of a national health service
• strengthening the ICC
• currency reform
• maintenance of the protective tariff only to the extent that it benefits labor
• graduated inheritance and income taxes
• greater assimilation of the immigrant population away from the central cities
• federal securities commission to supervise public offerings of stocks and bonds
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TAFT 1912
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A MORE CONSERVATIVE APPROACH?
CORPORATE REGULATIONMann-Elkins Act (1910)(Strengthens ICC power over RR, Telephone, Telegraph)
TRUST BUSTING x90(Standard Oil, American Tobacco, U.S. Steel)
POLITICAL IN-FIGHTINGInsurgents vs. Old Guard
TARIFF(Payne-Aldrich Act)
“Uncle Joe” Cannon
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
A Divided Party and Congress
Shadow of TR
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• I’m NOT Theodore Roosevelt – the “mad messiah.”
• No meddling in the legislative process (respect of checks and balances).
• Legalistic approach to the presidency with a judicial temperament (no bending the rules).
• Thorough and painstaking decision making (thoughtful use of presidential powers).
• Experience in world affairs (Governor of the Philippines).
• Arbitration of international disputes and “dollars for bullets.”
• A non-aggressive approach to conservation.
• Hopefully, a less politically divided Washington, D.C.
GIVE TAFT A SECOND CHANCE!
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WILSON 1912
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THENEW FREEDOM
Woodrow Wilson and The Democratic Party PRESENT
• A temporary expansion of the power of the federal government.
• Restore competition rather than regulate monopolies.
• Eliminate ALL trusts, lower tariffs, and break up concentrated financial power on Wall Street.
• Turn over most social programs to the states and cities.
• Once completed, government reverts to Jeffersonian vision (SMALL GOV’T = stay out of people’s lives).
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What I Will Do…FOR THE ECONOMY…• Lower the tariff and include an income tax.
Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1916)
• Create a new banking system that will improve our currency with “banker’s banks.” *Federal Reserve Act (1913)
• Create a Federal Trade Commission to define unfair trade practices and issue “cease and desist” orders.Federal Trade Commission (1914)
• Strengthen anti-trust laws.Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
• Support low-interest loans for farmers and internal improvements at federal expense.Federal Farm Loan Act, Warehouse Act, and the Federal Highways Act (1916)
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What I Will Do…
FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE…• Endorse state action for women’s suffrage.
No national amendment.
• Support state action on child labor.No national legislation at first.
• Support an 8-hour workday for railroad employees.Only with the Election of 1916 looming.
• Eliminate “possible friction” in the workplace by racially segregating federal employees.Opposition to black voting rights (dumb whites, too).
• Appoint Louis D. Brandeis to the Supreme Court.Champion of social justice and 1st Jewish member.
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SOCIALISM
Eugene V. DebsWANTS
• An assault on capitalism (Overthrow?).Legal seizure of political power by the working class.
• Change the present social order.
• Progressivism is simply an apology for the crimes of capitalism.
* By far, Debs was the most RADICAL candidate in the Election of 1912!