Download - Roman Art: Pompeii and Herculaneum
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Roman Art: Pompeii and Herculaneum
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August 24, 79 AD
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A Real City with Real People:
The Everyday
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Roads & Stepping Stones
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Thermopolia
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…hot food stands
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Pistrina
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Pistrina = bakery
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Aerial view of the forum (looking northeast), Pompeii, Italy, second century BCE and later. (1) forum, (2) Temple of Jupiter (Capitolium), (3) basilica.
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The Forum
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Aerial view of the amphitheater, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 70 BCE.
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Brawl in the Pompeii
amphitheater, wall painting from House
I,3,23, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60–79 CE. Fresco, 5’ 7” x 6’ 1”. Museo Archeologico
Nazionale, Naples.
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Pompeii was surrounded by a wall about 2 miles long
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Outside the Wall
• Pompeians buried their dead outside the city wall.
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Inside the Walls
• Buildings are packed close together
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Houses
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Restored view and plan of a typical Roman house of the Late Republic and Early Empire (John Burge). (1) fauces, (2) atrium, (3) impluvium, (4)
cubiculum, (5) ala, (6) tablinum, (7) triclinium, (8) peristyle.
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Floor Plan – Villa of the Mysteries
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• The main
entrance often included mosaics
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“CAVE CANEM” House of the Tragic Poet
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Atrium
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An atrium had a compluvium and an
impluvium
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What was the purpose of these features?
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Purposes:
• Collect rain water
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• Allow light to come in
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Reconstruction of the atrium at the Villa of the Faun
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Peristyles (court yards)
House of the Vettii
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Villa of the Mysteries
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Wall Paintings
• Generally, elaborate paintings covered the walls of every room
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Studious Girl, Fresco from a Pompeii Home. Not a portrait of an individual. Its purpose is too show that the inhabitants of the house were literate and
cultured people.
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The Four Pompeian Styles
• Division = Based on differences in treatment of wall and painted space
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First Pompeian Style
• began 2nd century BCE
• Goal: imitate expensive marble
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House of Sallust
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Samnite House, Herculaneum
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Second Pompeian Style
• Began early 1st century BCE
• Goal: create a 3D world on a 2D surface
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Villa of the Mysteries
(oecus – banquet hall)
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Dionysiac mystery frieze, Second Style wall paintings in Room 5 of the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60–50 BCE. Fresco, frieze 5’ 4” high. 48
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Second Pompeian Style (cont.)
• Realistic depiction of architecture
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From cubiculum M of the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale (House of P. Fannius) , Italy, ca. 50 40 BCE. Fresco, 8’ 9” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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House of P. Fannius (cubiculum)
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Gardenscape, Second Style wall painting, from the Villa of Livia, Primaporta, Italy, ca. 30–20 BCE. Fresco, 6’ 7” high. Museo Nazionale
Romano-Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome.
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Third Pompeian Style
• Began late 1st century BCE
• Goal: delicate designs on monochrome backgrounds
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Detail of a Third Style wall painting, from cubiculum 15 of the Villa of Agrippa Postumus, Boscotrecase, Italy, ca. 10 BCE. Fresco, 7’ 8” high. Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York.
56
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Third Pompeian Style (cont.)
• Wall surface treated as flat space
• Unrealistic, delicate architecture
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Villa of Agrippina Postumus
Thin, wispy columns
Tiny landscape
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Fourth Pompeian Style
• Begins after 63 C.E.
• Goal: Unites elements of previous styles
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Fourth Pompeian Style (cont.)
• Intricate
• Combines realistic architecture (2nd style) and fantasy (3rd style)
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Fourth Style wall paintings in Room 78 of the Domus Aurea (Golden House) of Nero, Rome, Italy, 64–68 CE.
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Fourth Style wall paintings in the
Ixion Room (triclinium P) of
the House of the Vettii,
Pompeii, Italy, ca. 70–79 CE.
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Fantasy scene Architecture
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Portrait of a
husband and wife, wall painting from
House VII,2,6, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 70–79 CE. Fresco, 1’ 11” X 1’ 8 1/2”.
Museo Archeologico
Nazionale, Naples.
65
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Still life with peaches, detail of a Fourth Style wall painting, from Herculaneum, Italy, ca. 62–79 CE. Fresco, 1’ 2” x 1’ 1 1/2”. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. 66
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Mosaic
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Alexander Mosaic
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Alexander Mosaic (cont.)
•Originally in the House of the Faun
•9 X 17 Feet
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Alexander the Great
King Darius (Persian King)
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Alexander Mosaic (cont.)
• Copy of late 4th century BC painting by Greek artist Philoxenos
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• Tiny tesserae give the work the unusually subtle gradations of colors
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Neptune and Amphitrite, wall mosaic in the summer triclinium of the House of Neptune and Amphitrite, Herculaneum, Italy, ca. 62–79 CE.
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Cat & Quail Mosaic
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Which Style is it?
A.
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B.
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C.
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D.
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E.