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Role of Technology Enhancing Transport Korea’s Case!
Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Gyeng Chul Kim Ph.D., P.E., Prof.!! President, Korea Transport Institute!
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Role of Technology Enhancing Transport Korea’s Cases: ICT based transport reform.
World Bank, Transforming Transportation Jan. 2014
Korea's Challenges:
ICT-‐based Transport Transforming
Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E., Prof. President, Korea Transport Institute
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Shanty Towns
After the Korean War (1953-1970)
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2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
(1,000 Persons)
1942, 1M
1959, 2M
1963, 3M
1970, 5M
1976, 7M
1988, 10M
1992, 10.92M
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Bus and Tram Sta@ons : Insufficient capacity
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Gyengbu Expressway opened in 1970
l Number of vehicles in Korea ! 127,000 in 1970
7
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§ Registered vehicles: 50 @mes 1970: 60 thousand ! 2010 : 2.98 million
[Registered Vehicles in Seoul]
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year No. of Registered Vehicles
! Seoul’s challenges? -‐ Vehicles : Up by 50x
-‐ Road : 4 %/y only
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From 7am to 11pm Entire area of Seoul
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Air Pollution Cancer Occurrence
Energy Consumption Increase Discomfort
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Deaths per year: 13,000 (1992) → 5,200 (2012)
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1) Severe car congestion: Public transport improvement -‐ BMS, BIS, Bus rerouting,
Bus Median Lane, etc.
2) Poor Connectivity: Integration for modes and fare system, Bus rerouting
3) High Fatalities: Black box, surveillance camera
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l Physical (between modes (Station + Stop)) l Network (Railway, Bus, and others) l Fare (Equity, Providing incentives ) l Information (Seamless transfer) l Institutional (Custom-‐based)
PUSH & PULL Strategy -‐ Transit System: Integration for Multi-‐Modal
Integration for modes and fare system
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KOTI-WPI
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
26Jan12 GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)
Public transport improvement -‐ BMS
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KOTI-WPI
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
26Jan12 GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)
Public transport improvement -‐ Bus Interval Management
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KOTI-WPI
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
26Jan12 GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)
Public transport improvement -‐ T-‐ Money Card Data
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KOTI-WPI
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
26Jan12 GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)
Scientific Administration Public transport improvement -‐ Scienti]ic Administration
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Connectivity: Bus Rerouting
Increase Decrease -‐ Network Capacity (new Bus Route & BRT) -‐ Bus ridership -‐ Bus Frequency (Keep Interval) -‐ Bus Company Revenue
-‐ Total Bus Operation Cost -‐ Subsidy of SMG
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Priority Median Bus Lane
│AVer the Priority Bus Lane │Before
– Introduced in 2004 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government
– Provides faster and reliable travel
Connectivity: BRT
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Connectivity: Fare integration
§ Distance based fare Subway single trips: fare by distance-‐traveled (base of 800 KRW up to 12km, addi@onal 100 won per 6km) Bus single trips: single fare of 800 KRW § Free of charge for transfers For transferring trips: accumulated distance-‐based fare → basic fare up to 10km; addi@onal fare per 5km
20
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Before
Transport Right : Equity
After
Close to Station - High Price of Asset: Richer - Lower Fare for Transport
Away from Station - Low Price of Asset: more poor - Double Fare for Transport
Result of (Fare) Integration by ICT
New Fare System - Distance-based - Unified among modes
Equity
BMS
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Credit card
22
Mobile Phone
Payment for Public transport
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Information Displayed at Bus Stops Smart Phone Application
Public transport improvement -‐ Real-‐Time Based BIS
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ICT-based Safety Policies in Korea High Fatalities: Speed Cameras & Intersection Cameras
Total 4,901 cameras installed nationwide (2010) Total 9.97 million tickets issued in 2010 -‐ Speeding: 82% -‐ Traf]ic light violation: 17% -‐ Others: Bus lane, Shoulder lane
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! All Korean company taxis have installed car black boxes between 2008~2012 (total 91,532 taxis)
! Accidents: decreased by 17.2%, fatalities by 22.0%
! Local gov. subsidize 50% of the taxi black box cost
! Insurance companies reduce prices by 3~5%
High Fatalities: Car black box (Drive recorder)
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High Fatalities: Car black box (Drive recorder)
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Outcome of ICT based Reform
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Outcome 1) Saving fuel consumption
2003 2004 2005
Diesel Usage(1,000ℓ) 148,059 126,485 118,783
CNG Usage(1,000㎥) 33,955 41,731 44,671
Total Fuel Cost (KRW M) 64,816 58,685 56,033
Difference of Cost(%) - 9.5 4.5
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2003 2004 2005 Ratio (’03 -> ’05)
CO(Ton) 748.3 623.8 488.0 34.8%
NOx(Ton) 2,074.6 1,799.7 1,694.1 18.3%
HC(Ton) 356.6 358.6 332.4 6.8%
PM(Ton) 45.1 36.2 27.3 39.5%
Outcome 2) Air Pollution Reduction
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Outcome 3) Public Transport Ridership
※ Subway ridership excludes free-pass holders. Source : Seoul Year Book
5,174
5,911 6,112 6,162
6,286 6,239 6,218 6,213 6,267 6,282 6,437
4,293 4,192 4,180 4,006 3,992
4,544 4,655 4,583 4,615 4,605 4,595
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Num
ber o
f Passengers
(tho
usan
d pe
ople/day)
Year
Subway Bus
14% ↑
□ PT mode share : 65%,Trend of Ridership
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Outcome 4) Lessened Bus Accidents The number of accidents in July, 2004 decreased 26.9% than the July of 2003
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
(Number of Accidents)
142 accidents per month has been
decreased
658
516
2004 2003
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Outcome 4) Lessened Children Fatalities
1537
1566
1180
998 890 809
932
753
592
572
588 489
468 394 296
284
276 202
161
154
126 80
83
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Fatalities under 14 years of age
Remarkable children fatality decrease from 1,566/year to 83/year (95% decrease in 10years)
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Socio-economic Consequences of Collisions In 2013, KOTI researchers* surveyed 188 disabled traffic crash victims
! Job Loss: 70.7%
! Income Reduction: 71.8%
! Housing Change**: 49.5%
! Divorce: 21.8%
! Diminishing of social life: 53.2% * This research was conducted by Dr. Jae-Hoon Seol and Dr. Namji Jung **Owner-occupied housing / lease → monthly rental / welfare house
World Bank’s goal: Ending poverty To end poverty, traffic safety should be considered with a top priority.
Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety 2009 (WHO)
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Lessons from Korea: How do we make the ICT-‐based transport
transforming to work?
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Building capacity ICT vocational training (1980s) ICT industry promotion Establishing knowledge hubs (i.e. KOTI, 1986) -‐ R&D investment (World’s second ratio) Political Leadership Promoting ICT industries (1990s) Seoul Bus Reform (2004) Zeroing Traf]ic Fatalities
Lessons from Korea:
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1) Lessons from Korea: Capacity Building
<The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)>
l Role: National Think Tank l Funding: 100% government-‐established institute l Staff: 300 personal (93 Ph.D., 200 MA & MSc) l Contribution: Economic Growth and Transport Strategies Infrastructure Master Plans Transport and Logistics Technology Development
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1
KOTI’s Relationship with the Korean Government
The Korea Transport Institute
Commissioned Research
Prime Minister’s Offi
ce
KOTI Local
Government MOLIT
Policy Support Commissioned
Research
Policy Support
NRCS
1) Lessons from Korea: Capacity Building
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l Highway l Railway l Aviation
l Logistics l Public Transport l ITS
1) Lessons from Korea: Capacity Building
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2) Lessons from Korea:Political Leadership Innovation Leaders in KOREA
M.B. Lee
Ken Livingstone, London
Junghee Park
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Transforming Transport
Solution for : GHG, Air Pollution, Car-Crash, Congestion
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Transforming Transport
Before AVer (Sep. 2005) Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon (6km) Decrease of car-‐traffic volume: 125,000 veh/day
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□ Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon Demonstration Against CRP, November, 2003
It took leadership, broad communication program to resolve conflicts
It was not easy! Political support and communications were critical
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Transforming Transport
We should not deprive our children of their future
People oriented policy, not car
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Transforming Transport Thermal image July 27, 2005
28o 36o
37o 36o
Average 32.7oC Cheonggye Cheon
Average 36.3oC Nearby street
-‐3.6oC
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I am very SORRY!
45
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1955, After Korean war Extreme Poverty
2012, Seoul
Thanks to IBRD/WB -‐ To developing countries – Can-‐DO spirit -‐ We are ready to share our experience
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http//:english.koti.re.kr/lutp2014/
Aug. 20 – Sep. 27, 2014 (Workshop Sep. 21-‐27)
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Break the pattern, Think differently
NOT for Vehicles, BUT for People
[email protected] [email protected] (Take Transit, Enjoy more 2me of your Life)
Mike Gyeng Chul Kim, Ph.D., P.E., Prof., President
The Korea Transport Institute
48
It is TIME to change to sustainable Transport
What time is it for …..?