The Role ofThe Role of Biomechanics in golfBiomechanics in golfTheRoleofTheRoleofBiomechanicsingolfBiomechanicsingolf
RivetJean Jacques HeadofBiomechanicsandSportPerformance European TourPerformanceInstituteead o o ec a cs a d Spo t e o a ce u opea ou e o a ce st tute
Research Associate InstituteofMovement Science University oftheMediterranean Marseille HeadofEuropean UnderArmour InnovationCenter
Applied Biomechanics in sportAppliedBiomechanicsinsport
Biomechanicsisthesciencethatstudiestheforcesactingonandinthebiologicalstructureg gaswellastheeffectsproducedbytheseforces (Nigg 1998)forces (Nigg,1998)
History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf
Fromtheknowledgeofthestructurestotheknowledgeofthestrengthwhich are applied to it
LeonardodaVinci(14521515)whichareappliedtoit
GalileoGalilei(15641642)
GiovanniBorelii(16081679)
Newton(16421727)
History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf
Movementanalysishistory/endofthe19th century
Movementphotography,kinematics,MUYBRIDGE(1878),MAREY(18873
t1st clothesforwalkanalysis,1882chronophotography)
Anthropometry,Militaryergonomic,BRAUNEETFISHER(1889,centerofmasse;1895,analysisofhuman; , ylocomotion)
History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf
Movementanalysishistory/20th century
1955:Dempster tableboard,andconceptofkinematicchains.
60s:ArielGideoncreatestheFirstDigitizerintheWorldinterfacetothefirst Time Sharing in the World forfirstTimeSharingintheWorldforBiomechanicalAnalysis
70s: A Gideon makes 3d analysis70 s:A.Gideonmakes3danalysiscoupledwithEMGandwithforcePlatforms.
History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf
Bobby Jones 1934Bobby Jones 1934
World Scientific Congres of St Andrews 1990
Dr Jobe Electromyography PGA Tour 1994 Dr Jobe Electromyography PGA Tour 1994
PGA Teaching Manual G Wiren 1995
Ralph Man 1998Ralph Man 1998
Delacave-Rivet PGA European Tour 1998
Creation of Biomecaswing Lab at D Leadbetter 1998 Cration Biomecaswing Lab chez D g gLeadbetter 1998
2004 : St Andrews / Titleist Perf Institute California / PGA Kinematic LabQueensland Aus / Biomecaswing Asia Honk Kong / Sheffield University / Biomecaswing Asia Honk Kong / Sheffield University / .
2011 : ETPI is following the PGA European Tour players. First time in the world an applied biomechanical service is used on the Pro Tour
Applied Biomechanics in sportAppliedBiomechanicsinsport
Bio Mechanics:
Anatomy Biology
Physics Mathematicsgy
Biochemistry Physiology Physiology Medicine Psychology
Applied Biomechanics in sportAppliedBiomechanicsinsport
B i th ti l t d i bi h i Basicmathematicalconceptusedinbiomechanics: Vectors:describesforces,accelerations Derivative function: position to velocity velocity toDerivativefunction:positiontovelocity,velocitytoacceleration.Integralfunctionintheoppositeway.
Kinematics:partofmechanicswhichdescribesthedi l t f i t bj tdisplacementofapointoranobject.
Kinetic:introducesfactoroflength,timeandmasstothedescriptionofmovement(kinematics).Notionofenergy!p ( ) gy
Forces:Newton'slawsandcreationofmovement!i.e.:Fi =m.a(inlinemovementequation)Internal and external forces: the body product and resist to Internalandexternalforces:thebodyproductandresisttomanyforces(skeletonjoint,musclesproductiongravity,contactwithenvironment)
Derivative / integral functionDerivative/integralfunction
Th d i ti i f h Thederivativeisameasureofhowafunctionchangesasitsinputchanges (tangent of each point ofchanges(tangentofeachpointofthecurve).
The derivative of the position of aThederivativeofthepositionofamovingobjectwithrespecttotimeistheobject'sinstantaneousvelocity.Derivativeofvelocityfunctionistheacceleration.h f d h Theoppositeofderivativeistheintegral(areaunderthecurve).
Kinematics and kineticsKinematicsandkinetics
Ki ti i th b h f l i l h i Kinematics: isthebranchofclassicalmechanicsthatdescribesthemotionofpoints,bodies(objects) and systems of bodies (groups of(objects)andsystemsofbodies(groupsofobjects)withoutconsiderationoftheforcesthatcauseit.
Kinetics: isatermforthebranchofclassicalmechanicsthatisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthemotionofbodiesanditscauses,namelyforcesandtorques.
h h d d d f Inmechanics,theKineticsisdeducedfromKinematicsbytheintroductionoftheconceptofmassmass.
Forces (physics)Forces(physics)
h i f i i fl h Inphysics,aforce isanyinfluencethatcausesanobjecttoundergoacertainchange,eitherconcerningitsmovement,direction,orgeometricalconstruction.Inotherwords,aforceisthatwhichcancauseanobjectwithmasstochangeitsvelocity(whichincludestobeginmovingfromastateofrest),i.e.,toaccelerate,orwhichcancauseaflexibleobjecttodeform.Forcecanalsobedescribedbyintuitiveconceptssuchasapushorpull.
Forces: Newton lawsForces:Newtonlaws LawI:Everybodypersistsinitsstateofbeing
atrestorofmovinguniformlystraightforward,exceptinsofarasitiscompelledtochangeitsstatebyforceimpressedg y f p(ConservationofLinearMomentum)
L II Th h f i i i l LawII:Thechangeofmotionisproportionaltotheforceimpressed;andisinthedirectionofthestraightlinesinwhichthatforceisf g fimpressed.
=> Force=massxacceleration
LawIII:Toeveryactionthereisalwaysanequalandoppositereaction;or,themutualactions of two bodies upon each other areactionsoftwobodiesuponeachotherarealwaysequalandactinoppositedirections.
Body biomechanicsBodybiomechanics
Bi h i b d Biomechanicsbodyanalysiswillconsiderdisplacement / velocitydisplacement/velocityofbodypart/members,jointsangles,forcej g ,appliedtotheskeletonandthebody,force
d d b th b dproducedbythebodyinordertopreventdamages and optimizedamagesandoptimizethemotionmostefficiently!y
ItisallaboutRotationandcontrolRotation
f i d l f h Freerangeofmotionandcontroloftherotationaroundthehumanbodyjoints
Harmonyofthekinematicmuscularchainsplayingaroundthehumanbodysjointp y g y j
Synchronizationofsegmentwhichresiststorotation or which starts/stops rotation in arotation,orwhichstarts/stopsrotationinacertaindirectionC bi t ti t t l b l Combinerotationtocreateaglobaltranslation
Thecenterofgravityofabodyisthebarycenterofalltheparticles making up this body every particle is balanced by itsparticlesmakingupthisbody,everyparticleisbalancedbyitsownmass.
Gestion du CGGestion du CG
AppliedBiomechanicsinsportpp p
Applied Biomechanics for the golf swingAppliedBiomechanicsforthegolfswing
Golfkinematicsanalysiswith3Dkinematicsystemy y
Applied Biomechanics for the golf swingAppliedBiomechanicsforthegolfswing
Fromthe1930stotoday
Mechanicsoftheclub
Mechanics of the ballMechanicsoftheball
Mechanicsofthegolferg6 Keys Areas of Performance
Kinetic Energy Transfer (CORE Power)
SYNCHRONISATION/ Co-ordination
RANGE of MOTION (Flexibility)RANGE of MOTION (Flexibility)
COG ManagementCOG Management
EXPLOSIVENESSEXPLOSIVENESS
MAX SEPARATIONMAX SEPARATION
Itis ALLaQUESTIONofcontrolling theRotationandMaintaining the COG stableMaintaining theCOGstable
Evaluationofmuscular coordination
Fl iFlexion
ClosingChainChain
(anterior)
Extension
OpeningChain
(posterior)
Itis ALLaQUESTIONofclosing thekinematic muscular chains engagement
Conclusion:FactorstoEnhanceandMaintaintheKEYAREASofPERFORMANCE
Explosiveness&Accuracy
BiomechanicalFactors
EvaluateEvaluate thegolfswingandball flight
Discussionofthetechnicalcharacteristicsof theswingincollaboration with the coachcollaborationwiththecoach
Theswingevaluationprocessusescuttingedgemotionanalysistechnology.
Evaluationoftheswingaccordingtothecriteriaoftheappliedbiomechanics.ThiswillbedonewithHighspeedcamera(Mikrotron) motion analysis software such as the analysis in 3D(Mikrotron),motionanalysissoftwaresuchastheanalysisin3DwiththeAPASsoftwarefromARIELKINEMATICS,andtheaGBalanceProForceplatesandaG StudiofromaboutGolf totracktheclubandtheball.
TakeTake thedata
Assessbiomechanicalandphysiologicalf d d lcapacitiesofeveryindividual
Fillinadetailedphysio/medicalquestionnairep y / q Testflexibility,coordinationandmuscularstrengthstrength
Collectingbiomechanicaldatausingsystemssuch as SpineForce PostureWin MyotestsuchasSpineForce,PostureWin,Myotest
ProbeProbethedata
Theobjectivewhenprobingthedatacollectedistot bli h li d b l h t l i thestablishapersonalizedbalancesheetplacingthe
golferstechnicalproblemsinrelationwithhis/herbiomechanical problems and the functioning ofbiomechanicalproblemsandthefunctioningofhis/herbody.Probinginvolves: Analysisoftheelementsexertinganinfluenceonthe
ifi i tispecificswingmotion Examiningthecorrelationbetweenthebiomechanical
dysfunctionsandthetechnicalweaknesses.y
IdentifyIdentifythesolution
Tailoredsolutionsaredevelopedtoaddresstheindividualproblems The solutions are fitted to the individuals bodyproblems.Thesolutionsarefittedtotheindividual sbodyspecificsandphysiologicalcapabilities.
The program is based on 4 axes:Theprogramisbasedon4axes:
Axis1:posturalOptimisation Axis 2: myofascial stretching Axis2:myofascial stretching Axis3:muscularstrengthening Axis4:muscularcoordination
Atailoredprogramisdesignedforeverygolfer.
Maintain & EvolveMaintain&Evolvethegolfswing