Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-20 7th Ed.
Histology of Chronic Inflammation
Maturation of Monocytes into Macrophages
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-21
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-22
Macrophage/Lymphocyte Stimulation
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3-16 7th Ed
Responses to Injury
Phases of Wound Healing
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3-14
Cellular Adaptation to Injury
• Atrophy
• Hypertrophy
• Hyperplasia
• Metaplasia
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-4
Atrophy
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-3
Hypertrophy (increase in cell size)
• Uterus during pregnancy
Hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
• Thyroid Adenoma
Robbins’ Pathologic Basis for Disease 8-6
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-19 7th Ed.
• Irreversible– plasma membrane damage– Damaged mitochondria– damage lysosomes
Reversible vs. Irreversible Cell Injury
• Reversible– Loss of ATP= cell swelling– glycolysis=lactic acid= decreased pH– decreased protein production
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-6 7th Ed.
Transition from Reversible to Irreversible
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-6
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis
Chromatin clumping
Organelle swelling
Membrane Damage
Necrosis
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-12
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis
Chromatin condensation and fragmentation.
Cytoplasmic budding.
Phagocytosis of extruded apoptotic bodies.
Apoptosis
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-23
Apoptosis
1. Stimulus of apoptosis. (Death ligands, lack of growth factors or hormones, Injury).
2. Regulatory cytoplasmic proteins. (BCL-2 family) (Some promote some inhibit apoptosis)
3. Execution caspases. (Activate endonucleases and proteinases).
4. Formation of Apoptotic Bodies. (contain organelles and cytosolic components).
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-25 7th Ed.
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Next Time
• Introduction to the immune system
• Readings: Abbas & Lichtman, Chapter 1
Objectives
1. Describe the pathophysiology of acute inflammation.1. Chronology, vascular changes, cellular events, histology,
resolution.2. Differences from chronic inflammation
2. Describe the response and the cellular adaptations to injury.
1. Phases of wound healing2. Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia
3. Describe the differences between reversible and irreversible injury.
4. Describe the differences between apoptosis and necrosis.