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RIT University
Gravure DayMarch 24, 2009
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Biography – Tim Flynn
� Manufacturing Manager, Gravure Process
RR Donnelley - Lancaster Facility, Lancaster, PA
� 30 years of service with RR Donnelley, serving in several management positions over the years, almost exclusively in Lancaster, PA. My experiences also include two years in Warsaw, IN. My areas of responsibilities during the 30 years include Premedia Services, Gravure Manufacturing, and Finishing Services, in addition to Materials Management.
� My current responsibilities include the gravure oper ation in Lancaster PA along with materials (paper and ink), by-products and maintenance.
� I received a BA degree in Mathematics in 1978 from F ranklin and Marshall College, Lancaster PA.
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Today’s Presentation
� Meeting the challenges of providing gravure print product for today's magazine, catalog and retail insert markets.
� This topic will include brief comments on RR Donnelley, North America's largest supplier of print and print related services. In addition, we will cover the basic differences between the gravure and offset print processes with a focus on the technology available in the gravure industry today that enables RR Donnelley to offer competitive prices and exceed customer expectations in today's challenging economy.
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RR Donnelley Quick Profile
RR Donnelley Corporate Headquarters
Headquarters: 111 South Wacker DriveChicago, Illinois 60606-4301312-326-8000www.rrdonnelley.com
2008 sales: $11,581 million
Locations: Worldwide locations, with operations in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia and United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Stock trading symbol: RRD (NYSE)
Year Founded: 1864
Employees: Nearly 60,000 worldwide
Fortune 500: 229th
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Plants with Gravure
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RRD provides a Portfolio of Print and Non-Print Products and Services
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Blue Chip Customer Relationships
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Catalogs
RR Donnelley prints
� 9 of the top 15 catalogers
� Business-to-business & consumer
� Provide targeting tools such as CustomMessenger, which matches a preprinted customized offer with the customer’s catalog
� From photography and premedia through logistics
• Demographic binding • Custom covers and imprints • Personalized messages • Dot-whacking • Blow-ins • Bind-ins • Mail trace and track • Postal monitoring
All RR Donnelley North American Catalog Facilities
are Forest Stewardship Council Certified
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Magazines
� RR Donnelley prints:
• The top 5 consumer magazines
• For 8 of the top 10 consumer magazine publishers
• Over 1,300 consumer, trade and association publications
� Highest U.S. circulation magazine at 23
million copies per issue
� We provide end-to-end solutions for
prepress/preflight, premedia, paper
management, print and bind, creative print
options and distribution
� Innovative programs to reduce cycle time,
waste, and cost
All RR Donnelley North American Magazine Facilities are Forest Stewardship Council
Certified
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Retail Inserts
� RR Donnelley prints:
• For the top 15 retailers
• For a variety of retail sectors including big box discounters, department stores, specialty retailers and drug stores
� Flexible formats
� Robust printing infrastructure and logistics network
� Responsive print schedules and consistently reliable quality All RR Donnelley North
American Retail Inserts Facilities are Forest Stewardship Council
Certified
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The Gravure Challenge – The RRD Solution
Gravure Challenge:
� How to translate customer data files to a competitively priced printed product achieving a minimum cycle time that meets the customer’s color and mechanical reproduction requirements.
RR Donnelley solution:
� Industry leading craftspeople possessing the knowledge and tools needed to provide for excellent control of the print process resulting in a faithful reproduction of color and mechanics of product.
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Gravure/Offset Overview
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The Major Printing Processes
Gravure
OffsetScreen
Relief
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Recognizing the Printing Processes
GravureOffsetScreenRelief
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25 %
50 %
75 %
Offset Dot Structure
100 %
Offset
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Coarse
Compressed
Elongated
Fine
Gravure Dot Structure
Gravure
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Copper Plate & Polish
Engrave
Chrome Plate & Polish
Strip Shell
Pre-Press Process
GravureCylinder Making
Offset Plate Making
Bake
Develop
Expose
Gum
Bend
PressPress
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Gravure Press versus Offset Press
Offset
Gravure
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Printing Units
Gravure Offset
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Offset vs. Gravure Process Comparison
Offset Advantages� Short runs (cycle time)
� Make-ready time
� Makeovers
� Color Corrections (within Zone)
� Highlight detail
� Sharp type
� Cycle time
� Heavy weight stock
� Cost of equipment
� Cost of support areas
Gravure Advantages � Long runs (throughput)
� Make-ready waste
� Run waste
� Color Consistency (across all pages)
� Shadow detail
� Color saturation
� Ink trap
� Variable cut-off
� Light weight stock
� Thick Pagination Product
� Press Delivered Product (Stitch & Trim)
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What’s that all mean ?
• Length of run, versioning/demographics
• Gravure: high initial cost, lower LOR cost, version s changes more costly
• Offset: lower initial cost, higher LOR cost, ver sions changes less costly
• Paper consumption
• Gravure: 1-web
• Offset: 2-web, more WBs, blanket washes
• Reproduction
• Gravure: Superb colors and high gloss on lower-grad e paper
• Offset: Excellent reproduction on high-grade pap er
• Variables in reproduction
• Gravure: Head balance Offset: inking keys
• Gravure: Ink adjustments by side Offset: in-line co mpromises
Offset vs. Gravure Process Comparison
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Lancaster’s Gravure Customer Base
� Target Stores
� The New York Times Magazine
� American Media (National
Enquirer, Globe)
� Harriet Carter Catalog
� JC Penney
� Kohl’s
� Best Buy
� Walgreen’s
� Reader’s Digest
� Soap Opera Digest
� Guideposts
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The Making of a Gravure Cylinder
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Electronic page information is received in our Digital Prep areaand processed for cylinder engraving on Donnelley’s NKI System.
NKI PREP STATION
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Thumbnail Proof of NKI Ribbon Data
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Lancaster’s Fully Automated
Cylinder Storage and Handling System
Automation
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Cylinders are delivered to Buffer area by Shuttles
Automation
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Cylinders are reused by “popping” the copper/chrome shell at the ends and then stripping the shell off the base cylinder. Once complete, the cylinder is ready for re-plating a fresh shell of
copper.
Stripping
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The cylinder is sent to a degrease tank, degreased and then a separating solution is applied to the cylinder.
Next step is to a Copper tank.
Copper Plating
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We then electroplate a new copper shell onto the base cylinder. The shell is about 80 microns thick (about the same thickness as
a sheet of paper).
Copper Plating
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Copper Plating
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The cylinder is polished to a smooth finish. Measurements are taken to qualify copper hardness, roughness, and final size are recorded.
Also a visual inspection for any defects.
The cylinder is now ready for Engrave
Copper Polish
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K6 Engraver
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The K6 has many operator functions automated. Loading and Docking of Cylinder. Lateral head placement, test cut engrave and measurement, amplifier calculations, adjustment of amplifier, and engrave start.
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Helio/Klischograph Engraving From HELL
During engraving the copper cylinder rotates as the Helio engraves the cells. A diamond stylus vibrates to produce the cells at speeds up to 7500 per second.
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Vacuum – The copper chips are gathered by the vacuum system below in bags for easy emptying.
Sliding Shoe – The shoe rides on the cylinder surface, it keeps the diamond the
proper distance from the cylinder.
Burr Cutter – The burr caused by engraving is shaved off with this
diamond.
Diamond Stylus – The stylus cuts the cells into the cylinder as the cylinder rotates. The stylus receives electrical impulses that cause the stylus to vibrate. This vibration is what engraves the cells. Each head is capable of
engraving 7500 cells per second.
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Each color engraves at different speeds to achieve different cell shapes. Therefore each color takes a different amount of time to complete. The average cylinder takes about 50 minutes to engrave. Two standard Screen Angle and Raster configurations are used.
63 L/cm or 160 L/in for Uncoated work 70 L/cm or 177 L/in for Coated work
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This picture demonstrates the different shapes for each color. The top two rows of each picture are the maximum cell size for each color. The middle row is the mid-tone, bottom rows are the minimum. These cells are measured and adjusted to within 1 micron of goal.
Black
Magenta
Cyan
Yellow
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Set Cutting Distance to Cylinder
1.Distance of Cutting Tip set for Production
2.Angle of diamond measured
3.Saved in Engrave Head memory
Measure Diamond Cutting Angle
Sprint Easy II
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The CellGuard System Measures Width / Length
Using the stored angle along with the length / width, the system calculates a volume for each head
System engraves and measures all required heads until goal tolerance is achieved
CellGuard III®
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After test cuts are complete a CellGuard Certificate is printed for a record of each cylinder engraved
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Helio/Klischograph Engraving From HELL
K6 Engraver
Upon completion of the engraving, each cylinder is visually inspected for defects. The cylinder is then ready for the final
step, Chrome Plating.
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Chrome Plating
The final step in the process is Chrome Plating. This places a 6 micron hard protective finish of chrome on the engraved cylinderand protects the softer copper from extended production runs.
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After Chrome Plate the cylinder is paper polished.
One final quality check and our cylinder is ready to go to press.
Chrome Polishing
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The automation takes over once again and delivers the cylinder to the rack. The process is now complete and cylinders are ready for press.
Automation
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The Making of a Gravure Cylinder
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Gravure Process Overview
Incoming Page Data andContract Proof
Gradations
Color CorrectionTable
Paper Roll
Running Ink
ESA
Impression Roller
Cylindermaking and Engraving
Prepress Color Processing
Pressroom
IncomingFile
IncomingFile
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
Engraved Cylinder
The gravure process is divided into four sectionsThe gravure process is divided into four sections
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1. Incoming Data and Color Guidance
Note: Digital file, no “color”
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
Specific to a given:•Proofer type,•Ink/Toner/Donor type,•Substrate,•Target Color Space
L*a*b*
•Ink/Toner•Paper / substrate
Color CorrectionTable
Digital Color Proofer
Final proof•Measure Pass/Fail•Should match Target Color Space (TR001 for example)
Raster ImageProcessor
Color Processor
From RRD Premedia or other outside supplier
Page Data
Process Map
to proofer
to prepress
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2. Prepress Color Processing
IncomingFile
IncomingFile
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
Incoming page data from supplier
CVC4Program which uses correction tables to do transformation
Color correction table•ICC standard color correction table•Maps YMCK(proof)->YMCK(press)•Specific to:
• Proof standard• Ink type• Paper type
ProcessedFile
ProcessedFile
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
ApplyGradations
Engrave-ReadyFile
Engrave-ReadyFile
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
Gradations
Gradations• Maps CMYK tones to engraved gravure CMYK tones• Match weight and color of C=M=Y• Match weight of K
Color CorrectionTable
Process Map
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RRDGCT RRDVIG100RRDVIG20
RRDKOD
RRD Digital Test Pages - Samples
RRDKOD
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Evaluation of Output - GCT
Listing for the GCT Only Table Y=0 Y=51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 21 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -3 -5 -7 -9 0 -2 1 10 15 0 0 -1 3 12 22 0 0 3 3 3 -1 -9 -2 -1 1 3 -1 -9 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 -1 -3 -5 -6 -9 0 -3 -1 7 13 0 0 -2 1 10 13 0 0 5 8 8 4 -4 1 3 3 7 4 -7 0 9 7 6 5 4 5 2 1 -3 -5 -7 0 -3 -3 5 10 0 2 -3 -1 6 11 0 0 5 6 9 8 2 -1 1 4 7 7 -2 0 11 10 10 7 6 10 8 5 -1 -3 -5 0 -3 -2 -2 10 0 2 -3 -3 -1 9 -1 0 10 11 12 13 12 8 9 9 11 10 9 0 4 0 0 0 0 -2 -3 -4 -7 -10 -12 0 -4 -5 -7 -3 -2 0 -5 -7 -10 -5 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -14 -15 -17 -21 -23 -24 Y=102 Y=153 0 6 8 15 24 0 0 8 10 14 25 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -7 -11 -12 -13 0 -2 -7 -11 -10 -9 3 1 5 12 22 0 5 3 5 11 15 0 -3 -2 -2 1 -2 -14 -5 -4 -4 -2 -5 -18 -2 2 -4 -9 -11 -14 -3 -4 -6 -11 -12 -15 1 -1 -1 9 13 0 2 -1 -1 7 11 0 -2 -1 -1 3 2 -10 -4 -4 -3 -1 -2 -13 6 5 -1 -4 -7 -11 -1 1 -2 -7 -11 -12 2 -3 -2 5 10 0 4 -3 -2 -2 10 0 -3 -1 -1 4 4 -3 -7 -6 -3 -1 1 -6 9 9 6 3 -2 -5 7 6 4 -1 -2 -5 1 -3 -3 -2 8 0 3 -3 -3 -4 7 -1 -1 7 8 10 10 9 -4 -4 -1 7 10 7 6 3 -1 -7 -10 -11 5 4 3 -3 -4 -8 0 -5 -7 -10 -5 -1 0 -5 -6 -8 -5 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -14 -15 -17 -21 -23 -25 -8 -11 -12 -15 -17 -19 Y=204 Y=255 0 10 9 15 23 0 0 13 12 15 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -6 -8 -7 -11 0 -4 -8 -9 -7 -6 4 1 2 9 13 0 8 4 6 10 13 0 -7 -8 -6 -4 -7 -20 -12 -12 -11 -9 -13 -25 -3 -5 -5 -8 -9 -12 -9 -8 -9 -9 -10 -14 4 -1 -1 5 10 0 8 -1 2 6 10 0 -9 -10 -7 -4 -4 -17 -12 -13 -12 -8 -9 -18 -2 -2 -3 -4 -6 -9 -3 -6 -5 -6 -7 -11 3 -2 -2 -3 8 -1 7 -1 -1 -3 7 -1 -13 -12 -10 -6 -4 -13 -15 -17 -14 -11 -9 -14 6 7 6 -1 -3 -2 0 0 0 -1 -3 -5 4 -2 -3 -5 -2 -1 5 -2 -2 -4 -2 -1 -8 -6 -5 -3 -2 -3 -19 -18 -10 -8 -7 -8 8 9 6 -1 -2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -5 -6 -8 -5 -3 4 -2 -3 -6 -4 -1 -1 -2 -1 0 0 0 -4 -4 -3 -3 -2 -2 -3 -5 -6 -9 -9 -11 0 0 -1 -2 -4 -2
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Helio gradations
� Function• Four, 1-dimensional “look-up”
tables to map input data to engrave data
• Converts prepress YMCK to engraving YMCK so that
• C=M=Y will match proof in weight and color
• K will match proof in weight only
C=M=YY “Brown scale”
K-only scale
Engraving Gradations
0
17
34
51
68
85
102
119
136
153
170
187
204
221
238
255
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Input Dot %
Out
put E
ngra
ve D
V
CyanMagentaYellowKey
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3. Cylindermaking and Engraving
Engrave-ReadyFile
Engrave-ReadyFile
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
CMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYKCMYK
From Prepress Color Processing
Helio Variables • Raster• Highlights• Mid-tones• Shadow
• Width, Channel, Length•Diamond age, wear
After amplifiers are adjusted, YMCK separations are sent to engraver
Copper plating and polishing
Chrome plating
Cylinders to pressroom
Engraving
Process MapCylindermaking Variables• Copper hardness, ductility• Surface roughness• Chrome hardness, roughness, thickness
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Gravure Engraved Cell Shapes
100% (Shadow)
Coarse Elongated Compressed Fine
Channel
Space
Cell Shapes
Y CM
K
50% (Midtone)
5% (Highlight orLight-end)
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Color Measurement Review
� Two systems used for measuring reflective objects
• Densitometry (densitometer)– Useful for quality control, statistical process control– Not useful for comparing two colors of different materials
• Colorimetry (colorimeter/spectrophotometer)– Designed to take into account human vision, standard lighting
sources– Can be used to compare colors of two different materials
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Densitometers vs. Spectrophotometers
DENSITOMETERS• Measure density (the amount of colorant on a proof/print)• Good tool for -
– bring presses up to color at the start of a run, – keep printers/proofers within targets
• Numbers are not related to visual perception• Cannot compare numbers of two different types of proofs or prints
SPECTROPHOTOMETERS• Useful for measuring colors the way we see them
– Calculated numbers are related to visual perception under a standard illuminant, such as D5000
• Good tool to compare proof to swatch, press to proof, etc..
• System of color matching is called Colorimetry
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Colorimetry - System
D5000 Viewing BoothD5000 Viewing Booth
Object Object -- Cyan Ink on paperCyan Ink on paper
SpectrophotometerSpectrophotometer+ +
Model of Human VisionModel of Human Vision
L* a* b*L* a* b*
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CIELAB Color Space
• 3 Values, L* , a*, b* – L* - Lightness (White/Black)– a* - Greeness/Redness– b* - Blueness/Yellowness– C*, colorfullness is the distance from
0,0 on the a*b* plot
• Colors arranged in an intuitive Hue circle from R->Y->G->B
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4. Pressroom
Cylinders from Chrome Plating
Paper Roll
Running Ink
Paper Variables•Basis Wt•Surface finish•Gloss•Absorbtivity•Color•Compressibility
Ink Variables•Color•Hue•Print curve•Temperature
Ink Formulation Variables•Ink:Varnish
•Controls strength of ink•Viscosity
•Ink flow, print smoothness•Strength•Printout
•Temperature
Varnish (Extender)•Unpigmented Ink•Reduces ink strength•Dilution ratio
Solvent•Thins ink•Improves flow
ESA (Electro-static assist.Assists printout and improves smoothness in light to mid-tones
Process Map
ESA
Impression Roller
Dr. BladeDr. Blade
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Pressroom
� Pressroom• Where cylinders : ink : paper : press all come
together• The area with the most potential variation
� Paper is also a variable: but one that is assumed to be controlled, consistent
� Ink formulation is variable: controllable
� Printing nip , press variables: assumed to be controlled
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Production Press – Three Color Controls
� Ink Formula• Ink set used (pigment hues, fillers, wax content, etc.)• Ink cut % (varnish / (ink+varnish))%• Varnish/extender used• Other additives (hardeners, waxes, defoamers, etc.)
� Ink Viscosity• Needs to be regularly measured with GS cup• Maintained by viscometer on press
� ESA (electro-static assist)• Electrical charge to draw ink from wells• Must be properly adjusted to get smooth printing highlight
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Ink Formulation
Function
� To achieve target color saturation and weight at desired viscosity throughout the entire scale
Shadow Hi-Lite
Ink
Varnish
100% 75% 50% 25% 5%
Solvent
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Effects of Varnish Adjustment
Shadow Hi-Lite
Ink
Varnish
100% 75% 50% 25% 5%
� Varnish adjusts the color strength of the ink
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Proper Viscosity Adjustment
Dry Normal Wet
75% Screening
5% Not
Printing
25%
Printing rough (skip dot)
50% Screening
100% Flowing
75% Flowing
50% Flowing, visually
stronger
25% Printing a solid dot
5%
Printing, a solid edge is visible
� Solvent used to adjust the viscosity of the ink• Affects the flow of ink from the cells and the drying of the ink
5%
Printing, a solid edge is visible
25%
Printing a solid dot
75%
Flowing
100% Flowing
100% Starting to
screen
50% Screening
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Establishing Color OK
Press Crews:� Verify that all ink temperatures are to standards
� Adjust all starting ink formulas to targets
� Adjust press to target speed for color
� Keep records of ink meter readings • Track additions, record final formulas
� Warm up press, hone in doctor blades, verify ESA
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Press Crews� Examine the tone scales for
proper screening and flow, make viscosity adjustments as necessary
� Verify mechanics (register, folds, slitter trim, cropping, scratches, skew, ESA problems, bleeding dragging, dirty impression rollers, etc.)
� Evaluate guidance, make minor ink formula adjustments
Establishing Color OK
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Maintaining Color
1) Input the proper batching formula• Use Ink, Varnish in same proportions as at
Color OK
2) Control batching viscosity• Add proper solvent for Ink, Varnish to
maintain target viscosity
3) Track print densities with the Density Collection System
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Register controls
Eyemarker readers Eyemarks Register control system
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Viscosity controls
ink cut viscosity temperature
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Density Collection System
� Records density readings in database (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 5%)
� Ink cut
� Ink viscosity
� Ink temperature
� All time/date stamped
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The end result
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