Download - Risks to Human Health from a Changing Arctic
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Risks to Human Health from a Changing Arctic
Jay Van Oostdam BSc, DVM, MPHHealth Canada, HECSBr
For Canadian Public Health Association
Annual Conference
June 12, 2012
Edmonton
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Outline
• Arctic – health perspectives
• Arctic – population health
• NCP – contaminant monitoring
• Climate change
• Socio-economic changes
• Dietary change
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Human Health
• Indicators – infant mortality
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Table 7.2.3: Circumpolar Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births) Russian Federation (2003) 12.4 USA (2003) 6.9
Murmansk Oblast 8.9 Alaska (2003) 7.0 Kareliya Republic 8.1 Arkhangelsk Oblast 12.4 Norway (2000-2004) 3.6 [Nenets AO] 29.3 Nordland 3.9 Komi Republic 9.4 Troms 4.0 Yamal-Nenets AO 12.7 Finnmark 4.7 Khanty-Mansi AO 7.8 Taymyr AO 26 Finland (2000-2004) 3.3 Evenky AO 10.9 Lapland (2000-2004) 3.8 Sakha Republic 13.2 Magadan Oblast 11.9 Sweden (2000-2004) 3.3 Kamchatka Oblast 14.3 Norrbotten 4.6 [Koryak AO] 11.2 Denmark 4.7 Chukchi AO 28.0 Greenland (2000-2004) 12.7
Canada (2003) 5.3 Greenland (2001-2005) 16.9 Yukon 6.0 Faroe Islands (2001-2005) 3.2 Northwest Territories 5.7 Nunavut 19.8 Iceland (2001-2005) 2.5
Sources: ArcticStat Circumpolar Database (http://www.arcticstat.org/searchregion.aspx), Statistics Canada, Russian Fed. State Statistics Service, Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics, NOMESKO, Statistics Norway. Young TK., Circumpolar Health Indicators, Circumpolar Health Supplements 2008; 3
births)
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Trends in Infant Mortality
Bjerregard and Young 1998
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Northern Contaminants Program
One Health
Maternal Blood Contaminant Monitoring
J. Van Oostdam, E. Dewailly, P. Ayotte, G. Muckle, A. Gilman, J.P. Weber, M. Potyrala, B. Armstrong, J. Walker ,
K. Tofflemire, M. Demers, S. Moss
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Total Hg
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NCP / AMAP – Effects studies
• PCBs, Hg – Infant Development - subtle– Foetal growth
– Neurobehaviour - learning
– Immune system
• Pb – Neurobehaviour - attention, neuromotor
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NCP / AMAP – Effect studies
Cardiovascular risk -Hg – present levels of exposure-Blood pressure-Oxidative stress
-Population Impact
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Climate Change - Contaminants
• Climate, weather, ocean, atmospheric – Complex patterns – interactions– Redistribution of contaminants – POPs, Hg
• Monitor – validate models
– Hg – bacteria – increase methylation, • MeHg – toxic
• Traditional foods – new dietary advice
AMAP 2009
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Climate Change / Variability Direct Impacts
• Extreme precipitation– Natural disasters – landslides
• Unpredictable weather– Strandings– Traditional hunt / travel
• Temperature related – temp
• Change in disease patterns
Canada 2008, ACIA 2005
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Climate Change / Variability Indirect Impacts
UVB - stratospheric ozone– Immunosuppression, skin cancer,
• New / Emerging diseases– Zoonotic – spread temperature related events
• Parasites, Salmonella, Campylobacter
– Insect vectors - survival, spread north• Lyme disease, tick borne encephalitis
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Climate Change / Variability Indirect Impacts
• Food security– Traditional foods
• Water Security– Quality, access,
• Permafrost – community infrastructure
• Social, psychological, cultural well being– Interactions
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Socio-economic Change
• Industrial development– Eg. Oil and Gas, Diamonds,
– Positive Impacts• Employment, health care,
– Negative Impacts• Social disruption, pollution
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Traditional Foods – Arctic Dilemma
• Risks – Contaminant Exposure
• Benefits – Economic - $– Nutritional – key nutrients
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Traditional Foods – Social, cultural values
.
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Dietary Transition
• Arctic – social, economic, cultural change
• Dietary transition – traditional foods– Benefits – social, cultural, spiritual, economic– Nutrition – change in fat / sugar intake– Chronic disease - impacts
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Food Security
• Food Access – nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate
• Food security – aboriginal peoples– Canada – insecure - 50% - 1-2 times per month– Arctic – vulnerability magnified
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Percentage of households with food insecurity, by province/territory, Canada, 2007–2008.
Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007–2008.
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Conclusions
• Climate – change - faster
• Contaminants – human exposure - changing
• Socioeconomic – resources– Arctic populations - Resilience
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Thank youThank you