Download - Revolution A war that changes a government
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Revolution-
A war that changes a
government
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Musket Bayonet
Weapons of the Revolution
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• Well trained, experienced army
• World’s best navy
• Wealth
• Established government
• More weapons
• More supplies
• Knowledge of the land
• Good cause to fight for
• Allies
• Rifles
• Short lines of supply and communication
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Patriots:
Loyalists (Tories):
Americans who supported Independence
Americans who supported the British
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense
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The Second Continental Congress
• All 13 colonies represented • Met in Philadelphia
• Included some brilliant men
The first two things they did were contradictory…
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1. Created the Continental Army and Chose George Washington to be the Commander-in-Chief
He was chosen because he was:
• Experienced • Wealthy • Trusted • From Virginia
2. They Wrote the Olive Branch Petition
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Fort Ticonderoga The Americans capture
much needed cannons there
May 10, 1775
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Bunker Hill
Americans take position overlooking
Boston
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The British attack
three times…
When the American
ammunition runs out.
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Britain wins a “costly” victory
Casualties American : 450 British: 1054
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The Siege of Boston
Washington tricks the
British into leaving
Boston
Without firing a shot!
This gives the
Americans hope!
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The Declaration of Independence
The Committee:
Robert Livingston Roger Sherman
John Adams Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson
Their Task:
Declare Independence And
Explain why
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The Declaration has 4 main parts 1. Introduction
2. The Purpose of Government Government gets power from
THE PEOPLE
The government must protect basic rights
LIFE LIBERTY
PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS
If a government does NOT do this, the people must get a new one that does.
“The Social Contract” The people and their government
have “a deal”
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3. The Indictment A list of things the king did wrong
For Example:
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4. The Declaration
Congress votes to accept the Declaration on July 4, 1776
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Britain takes New York City
G.W. forced
to retreat through 3 states
for several months
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Washington is desperate – needs a victory
Battle of Trenton
American victory over Hessians – hope is restored!
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General Burgoyne’s Plan: Divide and Conquer!
Control the
Hudson Valley
Cut off New
England
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General John Burgoyne “Gentleman Johnny”
VS.
General Horatio Gates “Granny Gates”
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One British Army
Stopped at Ft.
Stanwix By
Benedict Arnold
A second Never goes
further than
Kingston
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The Battle of Saratoga
Huge American victory – called the “Turning Point”
Casualties
U.S. - 330
Britain – 1135 6222 captured
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Results of the Battle:
Burgoyne and his army surrenders British threat to New England is over France agrees to be our ally!
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The Hero of the Battle was Benedict Arnold
He would later become a traitor – and join the British side.
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-`- Benedict Arnold and West Point
Arnold agreed to give West Point to the British
for £ 20,000 and a command in
the British Army
The plot was exposed – and
Arnold escaped to join the British
Army
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The British attack the South –
hoping for Loyalist support
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The Battle of Yorktown
VS
…and the French Army and Navy!
General George Washington
General Charles Cornwallis
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The British get trapped on the peninsula at Yorktown The French Navy defeats the British Navy –
so Britain is totally cut off!
Cornwallis surrenders!
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• War is over • U.S. is an independent nation • U.S. gets all the land East of the Mississippi (except Florida)