REVIEW OF KNOTS MOTIONS MEASUREMENTS
IN SOLAR PROMINENCES IN SELECTED PAPERS
PART 1 (1954 – 1998)
Rothschild, 1954
Rothschild, 1954
Rothschild, 1954
Rothschild, 1954
Palus, 1972
3D analytic methods:
Palus (1972)Makhmudov et al. (1980)Bellester and Kleczek (1983)
Uddin et al. 1994
Uddin et al. 1994
paperno. of knots
life time
size [km]
velocity [km/s]
accel [km/s2]
helical structure
l
[km]
r
[km]
[deg]
remarks
Rothschild
(1954)49
15-20 mins
up to 174analytic formulae
up to 0.131 analytic formulae
suggestedpolynomials
up to 3rd degree
McCabe
(1970)22 20-593 spray
Palus
(1972)1
analytic formula
analytic formula
hyperbolic spiral
3D
Rompolt
(1975)18 yes
36 000 –
160 000
1 000 –
9 000sprays
Makhmudov
(1980)13 22-150
-2.6 – 0.9 (assumed constant)
Loop, mean velocity method
Kim
(1990)11
~7
mins
600 - 5000 3-37 0 - 0.33 QP
Aurass
(1991)10 30-470 2 sprays
Vrsnak
(1992)up to 600 EP
Uddin
(1994)9 22-410 yes
18 900 –
78 900
3 200 –
15 8008010 EP
Rudawy
(1998)356
<360 -~5000 PFLs, EP, spray
paperno. of knots
life time
size [km]
velocity [km/s]
accel [km/s2]
helical structure
l
[km]
r
[km]
[deg]
remarks
Rothschild
(1954)49
15-20 mins
up to 174analytic formulae
up to 0.131 analytic formulae
suggestedpolynomials
up to 3rd degree
McCabe
(1970)22 20-593 spray
Palus
(1972)1
analytic formula
analytic formula
hyperbolic spiral
3D
Rompolt
(1975)18 yes
36 000 –
160 000
1 000 –
9 000sprays
Makhmudov
(1980)13 22-150
-2.6 – 0.9 (assumed constant)
Loop, mean velocity method
Kim
(1990)11
~7
mins
600 - 5000 3-37 0 - 0.33 QP
Aurass
(1991)10 30-470 2 sprays
Vrsnak
(1992)up to 600 EP
Uddin
(1994)9 22-410 yes
18 900 –
78 900
3 200 –
15 8008010 EP
Rudawy
(1998)356
<360 -~5000 PFLs, EP, spray
Zapior
(2006)14
~5-30 mins
~1000-10000 up to 150 up to ~1.0 EP, PFL, surge
REFERENCES
1954 Rothschild, Pecker, Roberts The Prominence of July 25, 1951, ApJ 121, 224
1970 McCabe, Fisher HCoronograph Observations of a Flare Spray, March 1, 1969, SoPh 14, 212
1972 Palus I. Kinematics of the Solar Prominences, Bull. Astr. Inst. Csl. 23, 60
1975 Rompolt Rotational Motions in Fine Solar Structures, Acta Univ. Wratisl. No 252
1980 Makhmudov, Nikolsky, Zhugzhda Motions in a Loop Prominence, SoPh 66, 89
1983 Ballester, Kleczek Kinematics of Solar Prominences, SoPh 87, 261
1990 Kim Fine Structure of Quiescent Prominence, Journ. Korean Astron. Soc. 22, 31
1991 Aurass, Kruger, Rompolt, Garczynska and 4 co-authors Radio signature and Hlimb features of the 1979 March and 1982 July 9 flares, Astron. Nachr. 312, 245
1993 Vrsnak, Ruzdjak, Rompolt, Rosa, Zlobec Kinematics and Evolution of Twist in the Eruptive Prominence of August 18, 1980, SoPh 146, 147
1994 Uddin, Gaur, Pande Evolution of the helical prominence of December 15, 1992, Bull. Astr. Soc. India 23, 159
1998 Rudawy, Madjarska Small-scale Structure in Loops and Prominences Threads, ASPC 150, 63
THE END OF PART 1
PART 2 (CONTEMPORARY PAPERS)
2008 Chen, Innes, Solanki SOHO/SUMER Observations of Prominence Oscillation Before EruptionAstro-ph (A&A)
Chen et al. 1991
SUMER data:= 1098-1138 A
C I (1118.45 A)(~10000 K)SIII/SiIII (1113 A)(~50000 K)
cadence = 169 sslit: 4” x 300”
BBSO data:full-disc Ha imagesresolution = 1”
vflow = ~60 km/s
vsurge = ~30 km/s
surges:initially red shift vrad = +24 km/sthen blue shift
v = ~216 km/s
2D
kink
HINODE Solar Optical Telescope (SOT)
Time cadence: 15-30 secSpatial resolution: 0.16-0.27 arcsecSpectral range: H-alpha, Ca II HLong time observations
2008 Berger et al. HINODE SOT Observations of Solar Quiescent Prominence DynamicsApJ 676, 89
2006 Nov 30N50 west limbNearly perpendicular to the line of sight5.8 h of observationsMigration of northern end with velocity approx. 825 m/s
(4 times velocity of supergranulaion)
Downflows:velocity: 10 km/slifetime: 10 minswidth: 200-700 kmvortices
Upflows:constant velocity approx. 20 km/salways at the base of the structureaccidentally initiatedconstant intensityfade into the prominence sheet at some heights
Oscillations:Period: 20-40 mins1-2 cyclesAmplitude: 2-5 MmVertical propagation speed: approx.10 km/s
Authors examined 13 QPs7 vertical structure4 mixed structure2 horizontal structure
Dark upflows:all vertical QPsone mixed QP
Vertical QPs:constant motion, downflows, vortices, oscillations
Horizontal QPs:relatively small motions
Upflows:v = 20 km/s
earlier doppler measurements of filaments:v = 3 km/s (Matres et al. 1981)v = 5 – 20 km/s (Zirker et al. 1998)
„buoyant starting plumes”
constant velocity => buoyancy / drag balance forces
Tgas = 10 000 K v = 20 km/sdrag coeff = 1
then
Tplume = 60 000 K
cooling time = approx 10 mins
THE END OF PART 2
THE END OF SPEECH