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Review of current macro network site types and designs
Andy Sutton
Principal Network Architect
Architecture and Strategy, BT Technology
9th May 2019
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Contents
• High-level macro-cell design consideration
• Macro-cell site evolution:
• GSM
• Space and polarisation diversity
• UMTS
• Introduction of network sharing
• LTE
• Adding even more frequency bands
• 5G macro-cell trials and site design
• 5G demos
• Summary
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
High-level macro cell site design considerations
3
Site acquisition and lease agreement
Structure
Antenna system
Electricity supply
Cabin / enclosure
Feeder system*
Mobile backhaul
Earthingsystem
EMFICNIRP
* Includes fibre and DC power in addition to coaxial transmission line - dictated by location of Radio Units
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
GSM - a massive civil engineering programme
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Single band GSM antenna system
5
• Space diversity receive systems and tower mounted low noise amplifiers
improved the uplink (prior to polarisation diversity systems)
• Prior to the Bias-T implementation, a separate DC power cable would be
installed between a power distribution unit in the cabin and each amplifier
•Single transmit antenna illustrated however dual duplex configuration was
implemented by some vendors/operators to scale capacity
•Antennas had fixed electrical tilt, mechanical tilt was a common RF
optimisation technique, early sector antennas had wide beam-width
Duplex Filter
RF Combiner Rx Multi-Coupler
Transmitter(s) Receiver(s) - Primary
Bias T
MHA
-
LNA
Duplex Filter
Duplex Filter
Amp
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Space and polarisation diversity systems
6
≥10λ
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Space and polarisation diversity systems
7
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
UMTS - different approaches - single band or dual band antennas…
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Structures and antenna systems
9 Dual band single polarisation
(space diversity)
Dual band cross polarisation
(polarisation diversity)
Dual band cross polarisation
(polarisation diversity)
Single band cross polarisation
(polarisation diversity)
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
GSM 1800 and UMTS 2100 antenna system
• Dual band cross polarisation antennas
• 1800MHz
• 2100MHz
• Single port MHA for UMTS 2100
• Dual port MHA for GSM 1800
• 4 Coaxial feeder cables per cell sector
• Microwave radio for backhaul connection
10
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Example site configurations for shared GSM/UMTS site
11
#1 – MNO
with 2G & 3G
#2 – MNO
with 3G only
Combiner
3G#2
3G#1
2G#1
Single MHADual MHA
1800 MHz 2100 MHz
1800 MHz
Cross
polarisation
antenna
2100 MHz
Cross
polarisation
antenna
Combiner
3G#2
3G#1
2G#1
Dual port
dual band
MHA
1800 MHz 2100 MHz
Wide-band
Cross
polarisation
antenna
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Adding 4G LTE…
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Providing DC power and fibre (fronthaul) to external remote radio units
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
LTE adds more frequency bands
14
• Antenna systems must support
the following frequency bands:
• 800 MHZ
• 1800 MHz
• 2100 MHz
• 2600 MHz
• Note the misalignment between
antenna ports colour scheme and
feeder tags, this is by design, our
(MBNL) colour scheme came
first…
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Multi-band, multi-RAT, multi-operator antenna system
15
LNA
Combiner
3G#2
3G#1
4G#2
1800MHz 2100MHz
4G#1
LNA
4G#1
2600MHz800MHz
RRH
4G#2
Combiner
2G/4G
#1
LNA
Dip.
1800MHz
Optical fibre cables
and DC power
Note: There are
many possible
solutions to this
radio configuration,
including separate
antennas.
Could be 2T2R,
2T4R as implied in
this diagram, or 4T4R
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Introducing 5G @ 3500 MHz - radio trials with 8T8R and 64T64R systems
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
5G demo at Canary Wharf
17
Highlights• 1.3Gbps to test equipment (30 MHz LTE + 40 MHz NR)• 600Mbps to Huawei 5G CPE (5 MHz LTE + 40 MHz NR)• 4T4R LTE (15 MHz 2100 + 15 MHz 2600) with 64T64R NR
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Summary
• Macro-cells have provided the vast majority of cellular coverage and capacity for many
years - a trend which will continue with 5G• Small cells will have a significant role to play in the fulness of time
• Macro-cells are a cost optimised solution for delivering 5G to a large geographically
dispersed subscriber base
• Site solutions need to be plug and play, simple installation requirements results in less
errors - get it right in one visit!
• Solutions between 8T8R and 64T64R are required, 16T16R and 32T32R use cases
• Single passive antenna for all radios is required on some sites
• Hybrid active/passive antennas will be a solution for some sites
• More than two antennas per sector is a challenge - 1 x active and 1 x passive at most
• This presentation has focused on one aspect of macro-cell design, there are many
other considerations…
• 5G TDD radio interface requires frequency and phase sync, this must be resilient
• 5G will drive significant upgrades to transmission - fronthaul, midhaul and/or backhaul
• BT/EE is actively upgrading its macro-cell footprint in accordance with our 5G rollout
plans
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British Telecommunications plc 2018
Thank YouAny questions?
19