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EDITORS NOTEDITORS NOTEDITORS NOTEDITORS NOT
Seest thou not, God sends down
colors. And in mountains are trac
tinge. And so amongst men a
In outer nature we can, th
gradations but in spiritual wo
comprehensive. Who can truly u
themselves; can come to know the
Creativity flows from a sen
together. To create something yo
need to take a step towards your
own true identities. One step back
Discovering the person in y
the purpose for which you have b
you can. Run! Run! Run! And achi
mean you have to! Doesnt mean
filled with dusty and rusty memor
played in fast forward.
Polish yourself. Put your knapply the knowledge you have ac
this we provide you the intitial pl
of this magazine is a step towards
the engineer inside us to excel in b
This is the POWER stroke.
in FLYWHEEL. The urge and mo
legacy. Together we can overcom
keep this momentum and add
Presistence! Thats all we need. S
into expressive words that will mo
Let there be a change.. a
BE TH
4
rain from the sky? With it we then bring out
es white and red, of various shades of color an
nd crawling creatures and cattle are they of v
ough colors, understand and appreciate th
ld that variation or gradation is even
derstand it? Only those who are daring
answers.
e of inquistiveness,imagination and critical
need to believe in your own imagination
own dreams,your own ideas about life; on
to yourself.
ou and nourishing your own soul is the ult
een created. Learn! Learn! Learn! And gath
ve all you can. But just becuase you can do
you should! It will just turn you attic-brain
ies which are of no use. STOP living you lif
owledge to test by trying to do something nuired and bridge the gap between your dre
tform i.e. an e-zine THE REVERSE GEAR.
finding the new ways to flourish our intern
oth the professional and social life.
e have provided the initial push. All the e
entum to bring about the change is UNV
all the friction and power fluctuations. All
ur own power strokes to it. Presistence
, we urge all of you to collect your though
tivate others to think, learn and remain aliv
nd let it began with US!
DIFFERENCE..!! BE THE DAWN...
roduce of various
d black intense in
rious colors.(Fatir 27-28)
e finest shades and
more subtle and
nough to question
hinking,all blended
nd will power. You
e step back to your
imate step to serve
er all the knowlege
something dosesnt
into a lumber room
like a movie being
ew everyday. Try toms and reality. For
he commencement
al creative soul and
ergy is now stored
IELD. Lets create a
we need to do is to
! Presistence! And
ts and mould them
.
!
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5
BEYOND A POINTAli Safdar Cheema 2006-MECH-169
Man has been called a social animal
mainly because of his logical thinking &
reasonable social traits. WHAT IFthis
tamed, trained, social & logical animal
fails to define logic?? What if this
animal does something that is beyond
the comprehension of logic or reason..??
Can any cause be so worthwhile, so
logical or so reasonable to demerit logic
itself??
What is it inside a man that causes a
soldier to tie grenades to his chest& lie
beneath a tank & explode himself..??
What is it inside a man to happily throw
away the most precious gift of nature to
him..?? HIS VERY EXISTANCE...!! Does any
logic in this world define the extinction of
the survival instinct in this social
animal..??Even an animal is supposed to
do anything & everything for its survival.
What is that state, in which man seizes to
be a HUMANor anANIMAL..??
What is it that forces a father to donate
his own organs to his child..??What is it
that state when Aurangzeb prays to GOD
to take his life & spare Humayuns..??
What is that the lap of a love one
provides all the happiness in the
world..??What is it that someones touch
eliminates all pain, all fear..?? I always
think of the saying that
Promises made in happiness & sorrows
are usually the weakest ones
Have you ever thought of this saying aslogical or reasonable..??
What is it about Happiness or Sorrow,
Love or Hatred that steals away your
identity from you..??
Is this really illogical or perfectly
logical..??
Is it just a sudden rush of adrenaline
through your veins..?? Or for that matter
what causes this adrenaline to flow
though you and every inch of you
existence so powerfully that every part o
your body just subordinates itself to this
sudden rush..?? What is it with Love or
Happiness that causes man to act so
unexplainably illogical &
unreasonable..?? Whether its the Love of
your flesh or the Love of your child, the
Love of your motherland or the Love of
one Loved one..??
There is but one conclusion.
There is a point beyond which, every
logic, every reason just vanishes& from
then on starts The Perfect Logic, The
Perfect Reason of the creation of
Mankind
JUST IN TIME MANUFACTURINGQuratulain Shakoor 8th Semester Industrial Engineering, UET Peshawar
Just-in-time manufacturing is a strategy
used in the business manufacturing
process to reduce costs by reducing the
in-process inventory level. It is driven by
a series of signals that tell the
production line to make the next piece
for the product as and when it is
needed. The signals used are usually
simple visual signals, such as the
absence or presence of a piece needed
in the manufacturing process.
Just-in-time manufacturing can lead to
huge improvements in quality and
efficiency. It can also lead to higher
profits and a larger return in
investment. A reorder level is set and
new stock is ordered when that level is
reached. There is no overstocking of
parts. This saves on space in
the warehouse.
JIT manufacturing was first used by
Henry Ford of the Ford Motor Company.
Ford only bought materials for his
immediate needs in the manufacturing
process. He bought only the amount of
material needed to fit into his plan of
production. He planned transportation
of materials so the flow of his product
would be smooth. This gave him a rapid
turnover and decreased the amount of
money tied up in raw materials.
Ford's JIT process was adopted by many
other car manufacturers. Toyota in
Japan used the process with very
satisfactory results.
There seems to be only one problem
with JIT manufacturing, and that is that
the whole process lies in historical
demand.
Manufacturers need to gauge the levels
of materials and parts needed from
their past or current sales figures. If
there is a rise or fall in demand for the
product, it could have serious effects on
the inventory process. Manufacturers
have to make sure they have a sales
forecast or reference in place to allow
for these fluctuations in sales. If they do
not have these figures, it could cause a
serious problem for the just-in-time
manufacturing process.
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6
The New type of Hydel Power Generation
Syed Muhammad Haider Jafri 2009-Mechanical
Pakistan has been suffering from an
enormous energy crisis since 2007.
This is partially because of the overpopulation, rapid industrial
expansion, lack of investments in
energy sector, our excessive use of
Air Conditioners, or anything else.
In the need of hour, we at Jafri
Research Facility have developed a
unique, inexpensive, easy to set-up
and cheap to maintain power plant
that runs entirely on running water.
The idea of this type of power plant
came to my mind when I was in Azad
Kashmir, enjoying my vacation there
on the bank of River Neelum. This
river is very fast flowing and I thought
of utilizing that energy in the form of
electricity. As the Neelum-Jehlum
power project is underway, giving a
total of 960 MW of electricity, I
thought of making more versatile
source of energy for conversion into
electricity, i.e. the converting the
canal water into raw power.
The running water is 1000 times more
energetic than the wind blowing with
the same velocity, so the idea of
Wind Power Plant seems ridiculous to
me.
As JRF conducted the survey of
Lahore Canal water, I found out that
the water velocity is about 0.8 m/s.
Further research revealed the facts
that at the depth of about 6 foot, and
the width of 12 foot, if a rectangular
pipe (preferably of a composite
material e.g. Fiber Glass, as it has
enormous ultimate tensile strength,
and Carbon Fiber is much betteroption as it is almost invincible
material when treated properly)
having curved edges on the inside, to
reduce the water energy losses as it
travels through it, will make the
running of the water more
streamline, making it closer to the
ideal fluid.
Our goal is to make the flow of water
as smooth as possible so that all the
energy contained in it can easily be
extracted.
Another major goal is to increase the
velocity of water, so that it will turn
the turbine faster thus generating
more power. The problem of torque
is overcome by increasing the amount
of water that enters the composite
duct through one end and leaves the
other end.
To do this, we reduced the area of
the second end of the duct that is
directly connected to the intake of
the turbine. We used Francis Turbine
in developing the design of this
power plant as power conversion of
this type of water turbine is more
that 75% of the energy of water,which is very high as compared to the
other turbines of its class.
The most important thing in
the power conversion of the Francis
Turbine is the design of the blades
that extract the actual energy from
water. The angle of the blades is
variable, and its actual value is still a
classified fact and is not to bereleased publically for some time.
The material of the blade selection is
another major factor in increasing the
efficiency of the turbine. The materia
should be as light as possible and it
should not be tough as to absorb the
impact load that the water delivers to
it, rather it should transmit this
energy to the rotor directly without
any losses. For this application, we
again preferred the use of Carbon
Composite Materials, as thei
properties can be molded to the
desired specific needs of its
applications.
The most important thing in the
designing of this type of turbine was
to increase the velocity of the wate
running through it. So instead o
having only a turn of 360 degree, we
altered the standard design of the
turbine and gave it another twist of
360 degrees, increasing the velocity
water.
The number of turbine blades was
also doubled and the final set of
blades had to be made of certain
special material, whose material is aclassified secret.
The generator is connected
perpendicular to the flow of water
making the system as compact as
possible.
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7
According to our research, this single
system is quite capable of delivering
at least 600-800 KW of electricity, or
if some alterations are made to the
design, it can do well above 1.2MW
of electricity. Combining a number of
such units would yield a total
ofenormous amount of energy.
Even if the same system is connected
to a fast flowing river with some
modifications, it would yield
enormous amount of energy.
That was one of the first researches
done by JRF and we have a number of
researches in the field of alternate
energy, and these would be coming in
the next issues.
Biodiesel, a Renewable Source of EnergyMuhammad Zubair Amjad 2008-Mechanica
Biodiesel is a non-petroleum and
environmentally-friendly alternative
to petroleum-based diesel fuel. Made
from vegetable oil, biodiesel is non-
toxic and carbon-neutral, providing
almost completely clean emissions. It
is also good for engines, its
composition providing a greater
degree of natural lubricity than
current ultra-low sulphur diesel
fuels(ULSD), and has shown to help
keep engines clean, preventing the
buildup of deposits that can take
place with traditional diesel fuel. As a
result of being made directly from
plants that can be regrown on the
same land, biodiesel is considered a
renewable source of energy. This is
an obvious contrast to fossil fuels
which can never be renewed.
Biodiesel production is essentially
quite a simple process, and although
requiring a fairly high degree of
precision requires only simple
chemicals and equipment.
Vegetable oils are made up of
triglyceride esters- a combination of 3
fatty acid chains, held together with a
glyceride molecule. To convert the
vegetable oil into biodiesel, glycerin
has to be detached and replaced with
methanol, and the 3 fatty acid chains
need to be separated into 3 separate
methyl ester molecules. This is
accomplished by the addition of
methanol and a catalyst to the
vegetable oil. The volume of
methanol added should be 20% of
the volume of vegetable oil, and the
catalyst can be one of the 2
substances, both of which produce
acceptable results:
Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide
The amount of catalyst required is
calculated beforehand based on the
results of titration test that isperformed on the vegetable oil. The
required amount of
sodium/potassium hydroxide is then
added to methanol, which is pumped
through the oil to thoroughly mix the
2 liquids and initiate the reaction.
Once the reaction is complete, the
triglyceride esters will be separated
from the glycerine and will mix with
the methanol to produce mono alkyl
esters, or biodiesel.
At this stage the glycerine being
heavier, will have sunk to the bottom
of the tank and can be drained off for
disposal or future use. The process is
now almost complete. The resulting
biodiesel after purifying is then ready
for storage or use, and should be
equal in volume to the origina
vegetable oil, with the methano
having directly replaced the glycerin
by volume.
Biodiesels benefits fall into 3
categories:
Environmental Reduced Engine Wear Long-Term Cost
Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel:
The environmental benefits of
biodiesel are threefold:
Biodiesel is carbon-neutral. Thismeans that emissions of CO2 equa
the CO2 that was absorbed by the
plants the oil was made from
Thus biodiesel is said not to
contribute any CO2 to the
environment--- a good thing. This
is in contrast to the consumptionof fossil fuels, which release large
amounts of CO2 into the
environment that have been
locked away for millions of years
Thus use of fossil fuels results in a
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net contribution of CO2 to the
environment.
Emissions from vehicles usingbiodiesel fuel are much lower and
more environmentally-friendly
than from vehicles using mineral
diesel. Biodiesel emissions are:
Up to 60% lower in CO2 Lower in CO(Carbon Monoxide)
emissions
O
ul
th
h
so
bl
th
Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds
are caused by the uneven heating of
the atmosphere by the sun, theirregularities of the earth's surface,
and rotation of the earth. Wind flow
patterns are modified by the earth's
terrain, bodies of water, and
vegetation. Humans use this wind
flow, or motion energy, for many
purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and
even generating electricity.
Wind energy or wind power
describes the process by which the
wind is used to generate mechanical
power or electricity. Wind turbines
convert the kinetic energy in the
wind into mechanical power. This
mechanical power can be used for
sp
or
coel
th
lin
a
So
el
tu
8
Lower in particulate emissions
Lower hydrocarbon emissions
Completely free of sulphur oxide
emissionsBiodiesel does not
contain sulphur.
Biodiesel does have very slightly
higher emissions of nitrogen oxide(NOx) than petrodiesel, although
these can be reduced by use of a
catalytic converter.
Reduced Engine Wear
e of the side effects of the move to
tra-low sulphur diesel has been that
e lubricating properties of the fuel
ve been reduced. Biodiesel offers a
lution to this even in 2%-5%
ends, it has been proven to replace
e lubricity and provide cleansing
solvent pro
reduce we
system, inj
deposits.
Biodiesel o
term oppor
to individu
choose to
machinery
Although at
available
biodiesel/p
at approxi
100% petro
potential f
biodiesel r
future.
Wind TurbinesEhtisham Ahmad Bhutt
ecific tasks (such as grinding grain
pumping water) or a generator can
nvert this mechanical power intoectricity. The electricity is sent
rough transmission and distribution
es to homes, businesses, schools,
d so on.
how do wind turbines make
ectricity? Simply stated, a wind
rbine works the opposite of a fan.
Instead of
wind, like
wind to mturns the b
which conn
makes elect
wind turbin
Technically
wind turbi
rotation
direction
When air fl
turbine a f
blades an
turbine in t
Because of
rotor blad
created fo
perties that will help to
ar and keep the fue
ctors and engine free of
ffers medium and long
tunities for cost benefits
als and businesses that
run their vehicles and
n a biodiesel-based fuel
present, the most readily
5% blends of
troleum-diesel are priced
ately the same price as
leum diesel fuels, there is
r the cost per liter of
ad fuels to fall in the
i 2008-Mechanica
using electricity to make
fan, wind turbines use
ke electricity. The windlades, which spin a shaft
ects to a generator and
ricity. Take a look inside a
to see the various parts.
speaking, Horizontal axis
nes have a plane of
perpendicular to the
f the incoming wind
ows past the blades of a
orce is exerted onto the
tail fin, pushing the
he direction of the wind
the special shape of the
s, a lift force is also
rcing rotor to revolve
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about the central axis in the familiar
way.
The rotor is connected to a shaft
which drives a generator directly,
producing the electrical output from
the machine. Larger machines can
make use of a gearbox to maintain a
fixed generator speed for different
wind conditions.
Turbine design depends largely upon
whether it is horizontal axis or
vertical axis, with horizontal axis
machines by far the most common.
The axis is defined by the direction of
the rotor shaft. They can also be
either free standing on a pole or
mast, or more recently, building
mounted.
Vertical axis machines (VAWT) do notneed to point in the direction of the
wind and so may be more suitable for
areas of turbulent wind conditions.
One drawback with vertical axis
machines is that they might not be
capable of self-starting and are
generally less efficient.
Horizontal axis machines (HAWT) are
by far the most commonly installedand typically have three or more
rotor blades. They automatically
orientate themselves with the
direction of incoming wind, but turn
a
sp
P
st
to
m
g
m
th
th
o
M
d
w
of
e
T
di
b
st
sa
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ty
co
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tu
L
us
b
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fr
sidi
vi
is
it
9
ay from it in times of high wind
eed to prevent damage.
le mountings consist either of a
eel or composite material (tubular
wer), a lattice tower, or a guyed
ast on top of which the turbine and
nerator are located. Building
ountings are designed for attaching
e machine to a building, such as on
e gable end of a house ranging in
tput from around 0.5kW 2.5kW.
ost large wind turbines are
livered with tubular steel towers,
hich are manufactured in sections
20-30 meters with flanges at either
d, and bolted together on the site.
e towers are conical (i.e. with their
ameter increasing towards the
se) in order to increase their
rength and to save materials at the
me time.
ubular towers are the most used
pe because they are easy to
nstruct, their simplicity, and low
st. These kinds of towers permitodify its height just adding new
bes trams and adding guy cables.
ttice towers are manufactured
ing welded steel profiles. The
sic advantage of lattice towers is
st, since a lattice tower requires
ly half as much material as a
ely standing tubular tower with a
ilar stiffness. The basicsadvantage of lattice towers is their
ual appearance, (although that
ue is clearly debatable). Be that as
may, for aesthetic reasons lattice
towers hav
use for larg
Many small
with narro
by guy w
towers. Th
savings,
disadvantag
around th
towers
which mak
them les
suitable i
farm area
Finally, this
prone t
compromisi
Some towe
combinatio
mentioned
Hybrid To
tower wh
photograph
a hybrid be
a tubular to
The best sit
be a place
most cons
speed pos
depends
landscape
almost all l
increases, a
ground;
nearby builand produc
The best pl
obstruction
highest pos
almost disappeared from
, modern wind turbines.
wind turbines are built
pole towers supported
ires called Guyed pole
e advantage is weight
nd thus cost. The
es are difficult access
e
e
s
n
.
type of tower is more
o vandalism, thus
ng overall safety.
rs are made in different
s of the techniques
above and are known as
ers. One example is the
ich you see in the
which may be said to be
ween a lattice tower and
er.
e to install a windmill wil
here it is exposed to the
tant and highest wind
sible. The wind speed
enormously on the
the air moves over. In
ocations the wind speed
s you get higher off the
vegetation, landscape
dings, etc. stop the windturbulences.
ce for a wind tower, is an
free area, and the
ible.
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H
Being the most efficient braking
system, Hydraulic systems of brakes
are used nowadays instead of the
mechanical brakes system. In this
system, the brake pedal is connected
to pistons in master cylinders and by
steel tubing with flexible sections to
individual cylinders at the wheels.
Front and rear hydraulic circuits from
the main cylinder are separated. The
wheel cylinders are located between
the mutable ends of the brake shoes,
and each is en suite with two pistons
that are forced outward.
Ensuring the braking efficient
especially of the rear wheels is very
significant. For this purpose hydraulic
control valves are used. To control
the rear brake pressure is necessary
due to inertia because when brakes
are applied, the total weight ofvehicle shifts toward front. Rear
wheel can skid out of control because
they have less weight during braking,
they can lock up easily and cause the
vehicle to lose traction.
A
a
gr
th
th
th
D
fr
fri
r
l
a
t
r
c
T
t
l
d
of
A
fo
di
o
ca
e
cr
10
draulic System of Brakes
we know that when the brakes are
plied on the vehicle, its center of
avity tends to move forward due to
e inertia of the body. Thus causing
e front wheels to become heavier
an the rear wheel.
e to the engine presence on the
nt of the car, the load is larger thus
ction is larger on the front than the
ear assembly. So, rear wheels will
ck-up earlier when brakes are
pplied. This will cause the rear tires
o lose traction/ skid. Friction
educes and tire will have very less
ontact with the road.
he braking force of the rear tires
ust be reduced as compared with
he front wheels to prevent early
ck up which can be very much
angerous. This is done by the help
proportioning valve.
proportioning valve is a valve that,
llowing the laws of fluid pressure,
spenses input forces to one or more
tput lines. A proportioning valve
n amplify or dwindle forces for
ch production, depending on the
oss-sectional surface areas of those
output lines.
Proportioning valve
is designed such as
to bring actual
pressure curves as
close to the ideal as
technically possible.
This reduces the
pressure to
increase t
cylinder
proportioni
the pressur
increases.
It autom
hydraulic p
cylinder. H
of any kind
two pisto
connected
further pist
stop the car
is usually
bronze.
Bypass
incorporate
front brake
pressure, it
pressure to
proportioni
because ov
the valve i
pushes rigpushes lef
supply is c
brake then
bypass valv
pressure to
M . S 08-Mechanica
rear brakes. This should
he pressure to main
ut the process of
g occurs very fast, thus
e on main cylinder not
atically reduces the
ressure for rear whee
draulic cylinder consists
of fluid filled in pipe and
s. Brake pedals are
o the main cylinder and
ns attached will work to
. Material for the cylinde
Al, steel, cast iron o
valve is generally
d in valve body. When the
circuit has loss of brake
ensures maximum brake
rear brakes. Spring in
g valve holds it to the left
erall hydraulic effect on
s neutral as rear brake
tward and front brakeward. If the hydraulic
t off to the front whee
the rear brake will move
e to right causing abrupt
apply rear brakes.
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11
All FWD use double proportioning
valve, one for controlling the front
brake and the other for rear brake.
Tension on one spring controls the
movement of both the valves. As
previously described in the function
of the bypass valve, if front wheelbrake fails, all the hydraulic pressure
is transmitted to the rear wheel
cylinder causing it to be fully braked
at exact timings i.e. rear wheel and
front wheel will be fully braked at
same timings.
Greater the load, greater braking
force is required for rear brakes. Thus
load sensing proportioning valves can
be used with bypass circuit, known as
load sensing proportioning bypass
valve. Vehicle height senses the load
which is transmitted to PV, by the
help of leaf spring attached to the
sensor .It gets compressed as the
vehicle load increases and lessens the
height of the body.
But load sensing s (LSPVs) have two
drawbacks, one is that the
mechanical linkage in LSPV mounted
on the drivers side frame rail and
other side axle housing is not
physically capable of the range of
motion that our long travel
suspension provides. Second is, if the
ride height alters which is
approximately 3" lift and load
distribution varies abruptly then LSPV
does not provide its proper line
pressure to the rear brakes.
It will be more favorable to replace
LSPV altogether with a racing type
adjustable proportioning valve . Then
input will be of drivers choice that
how much change in percentage of
line pressure to the rear brakes is
required.
It should always be ensured that the
brake system is fully functional and
has been properly tested and
adjusted for performance and safety
As, safety is not a gadget but a state
of mind.
Climate Change and Green Development
Ahmed Hassan Tariq 2006-Mechanica
If the lifespan of the earth, from its
birth to its end, is converted into a
scale of a year i.e. 365 days, Homo
sapiens came on its face on 31st
December, 15 minutes to midnight.
But this is not that daunts the
environmentalist. The fight, economy
versus environment, has proved
deleterious for Mother Nature,
reducing the precious 15 minutes.
Oceans are dumped with garbage;
rivers with overrun fertilizers, forests
are stripped off, air is poisoned by
chemicals. We face water shortage,
squandered acres of land, depleted
natural resources, global warming,
even according to some, global
cooling but more importantly, a
drastic climatic change.
Why we face all this? Now this is one
perspective of it. This is all linked with
the discovery of fossil fuels being
converted into a more efficient
energy source. Before the advent of
fossil fuels being our primary source
of energy, we relied on the sun, the
universal source of energy and thus,
the total population of the world had
remained constant as with the sun
being the only source of energy, a
limited number of plants were grown
which could feed a certain number of
a population. Then, the discovery of
fossil fuels, gave a more efficient
power source which could be
harnessed in many ways. And with
industrial revolution, the life of a
common man changed. More
luxuries, more food could be grown,
more water could be pumped out
Yes, it did have many benefits but
using the fossil fuels irresponsibly has
in time for us some great difficulties.
The use of fossil fuels generated
gases, such as carbon dioxide
nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides etc
which as in a phenomenon of a
greenhouse, trap the heat and does
not let it radiate out, raising the
overall temperature of the earth. This
is one common thing we all, I am
sure, know. Approximately, 80% o
the greenhouse gases released isfrom the industrial sector. Levels of
several important greenhouse gases
have increased by about 25% since
large-scale industrialization which
began 150 years back. In compute
based models, rising concentrations
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of greenhouse gases produce an
increase in the average surface
temperature of the Earth over time.
Rising temperatures may, in turn,
produce changes in precipitation
patterns, storm severity, and sea level
commonly referred to as climatechange. Variance of several degrees
of temperature could disrupt the
whole ecosystem.
This shows us the consequences of
using fossil fuels without proper
techniques. But if, let us imagine, this
all continues and all the fossil fuels
have deplete and none alternative
sources of energy is found, mankind
would go back to relying on the sun,
the universal source of energy. What
could this do to us? Firstly, energy
fr
d
p
w
su
w
dr
T
n
so
to
sa
p
di
a
m
h
e
p
Being an engineer, I have so many
times played with efficiency curves,characteristic curves, stress-strain
curves etc increasing the retention of
my knowledge every time. A few
seconds ago, I was just thinking
why I dont do something to let
children provide an opportunity to
shoot out their LEARNING
CURVES!!!
In this real battle of BRAINSTORMwe can let our new generation
learn technology and physical
phenomenon through prototypes
developed by little efforts of
engineers that can provide
opportunity for kids to understand
sc
ast
pr
p
It
of
u
12
m the sun could only meet the
mands for a certain number of
ople as said above. Meaning, it
ould not be capable enough to
pport a population of 10 billion,
hich would then decrease
astically to very small number!
ere is only one solution for us. We
ed to find efficient alternative
urces of energy and build a greener
morrow, as most environmentalist
y. But none of this could be
ssible unless governments of
ferent countries join in. First of all,
international committee should be
ade, similar to the United Nations,
ving ultimate power on
vironment related matters. A
rfect example of this is the Kyoto
Protocol.
deforestatio
should be m
illegal and
and to
Waste dis
created, todumped int
should be i
as propose
And a speci
made to inv
to produce
the natur
sunlight, ti
that is n
alternativebe equally
Learning with ProtosSyeda Zahra Shujah Ka
ientific things and it might even be
golden chance for engineeringudents to learn more by developing
ototypes for different
enomenon.
would be my pleasure to share one
my prototypes for letting others to
derstand what I am trying to say.
This protot
concept ofsuperpositi
prototype
cancellation
This de
of supe
when t
from dif
and the
of shift,would b
out eac
there
Basically
wave in
compresses
The problem o
n should be met. Policies
ade and laws enforced on
xcessive cutting of trees
ncourage reforestation
osal plants should be
ensure that no waste iso fresh water. Industries
posed with a carbon tax
in the Kyoto Protocol
ic organization should be
ent and explore new ways
enewable efficiency using
l resources such as
al waves, wind etc. But
ot the problem; the
ources of energy have toefficient and economical
mi 2008-Mechanica
pe works on the simple
oise cancellation throughn; so basically its a
ircuit of a simple noise
device.
ice uses the phenomena
rposition of waves that
o or more sound waves
erent sources are present
sound waves are180 out
the sum of the waveformse zero. They would cance
h other and ultimately
ould be no sound
sound is a compression
ir so the wave first
to an amount greate
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13
than normal air pressure; hence
adding the positive and negative
pressure will ultimately give you the
normal air pressure.
You can develop prototype of such a
simple active noise cancellation
device. All you need to do is to follow
the circuit shown.
In this circuit we use a step down
transformer to reduce 240V to 12V.
Oscillator provides us with the pure-
tone (simplest periodic sound) sound
which is fed to the first speaker.
Oscillator is further connected to
Audio-inverter like 741 operational
amplifier, which inverts the sound
and the shift of the sound, is decided
by using adjuster attached with the
inverter. This inverted sound is
further amplified and fed to the
second speaker. When we switch onthe device and rotate adjuster to give
a 180 shift then no sound would be
heard but you can feel the vibrations
by putting your finger on any of the
speaker.
To teach anyone anything let that
person think and move him by
CREATING CUROSITIES. If engineering
students unlock their minds and also
work out on these miniature things
then it can offer a chance for them to
think and invent new things. Learning
through developing prototypes would
definitely provide an opportunity to
young learners to understand things
and intrigue them towardstechnology.
References:
Noise and Vibration Control byLeo L. Beranek
www.faqs.org www.school-for-champions.com www.wikipedia.com
Environmental Benefits of using BiogasSara Naeem 2008-Mechanical
The world community uses up in a
minute what it took Earth a
millennium to create. World will, at
this pace, soon run out of its
conventional energy sources.
Pakistan is an agricultural country and
being a developing country, it is
facing a number of challenges in
meeting its energy requirements
through conventional sources. Some
of the most common renewable
energy resources that are available
in Pakistan and have great feasibility
according to countrys geographic
location, geological conditions and
climatological cycle are hydroenergy, solar, tidal, wind,
geothermal energy and biomass or
solid wastes energy.
Its time for us to Go Green. Biogas
is a mixture of methane and carbon
dioxide and generating it from solid
waste or animal dung can prove to be
vital in solving energy and waste
management crisis in Pakistan. Some
of the major positive environmental
impacts of using biogas are:
Development of a benign and safe
waste management system,
Municipal waste is often not properly
disposed off. It is compacted in
sanitary landfills so natural anaerobic
digestion occurs. The biogas thus
produced can migrate from landfil
causing fires and killing vegetation
But by capturing it on site or
processing it in digesters these
environmental problems can be
solved providing energy to society.
Pollution and odor control of organic
putrescible wastes the fermentation
of manure in biogas production
greatly reduces the pathogen
content of the manure. It also
greatly reduces the odour of the
manure, as in the end, all the
volatile gases have been removed.
Reduction in the need for the use ofartificial fertilizers Microbial action
in the lagoon substantially reduces
chemical and biological oxygen
demands (COD and BOD
respectively), total solids (TS), volatile
solids (VS), nitrate nitrogen, and
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14
organic nitrogen in the waste stream.
The liquid from digester is also used
as a fertilizer.
Control of pathogenic bacteria and
viruses, Coliform acteria, other
pathogens, insect eggs and internal
parasites also are destroyed or
reduced to acceptable levels by
anaerobic treatment.
Production of renewable energy,
Conversion of animal waste to biogas
through anaerobic digestion
processes can provide added value to
manure as an energy resource and
reduce environmental problems
associated with animal wastes. One
approach to increasing the value of
waste is to use it as an energy
resource.
Reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions The conversion of biomass
to biogas has a very positive impact
on environment. Methane is released
from the biomass as a result of
natural decay which is many timesstronger greenhouse gas than carbon
dioxide.
Carbon neutral process, The
sustainable application of biomass
presents a scenario for reduction in
global CO2 emissions which might be
achieved by the substitution. Biomass
could offset much of man-made
emissions of CO2 and play a
significant role in stabilizing the global
climate while allowing the increase in
energy use which is essential if the
people from developing countries areto have a good life.
Help urban areas. Biogas plants will
provide more opportunities to rural
businesses there by reducing the
urban mitigation that is taxing the
abilities of cities to cope with their
own environmental problems.
Biogas is sustainable. It is not like
other conventional sources of energy
which are running out due to
excessive use. The amount of waste
produced varies with the type of
animal, but generally ranges from 60
to 85 kg (wet basis) per 1, 000 kg live
animal mass per day in intensive
production systems. The energy
potential of these wastes is given by
the volatile solids (organic matter)
content, which ranges from 10 to 18%
of the total wet waste or 75 to 85% of
the dry weight. These wastes are
renewable source thus making
production of gaseous fuels
sustainable.
Usually rural areas do not have the
electrification facilities because they
are either too remote and/or too
expensive to connect to nationa
grids. The expansive electricity
produced in Pakistan has a huge
impact on industrial sector and is noteconomic at all. To sustain our
industrial progress and agricultura
development, we need to develop
and use alternative energy sources on
priority basis that would ensure eco-
friendly sustainable development
thus, solving the power crisis
providing energy security and saving
our environment from pollution. This
would provide good incentives foinvestors to invest in Pakistan
bringing about industrial and
agricultural reforms and economic
stability. But it also needs a continuity
of government policies, politica
stability, social peace and investment
in research and development sector.
Biogas energy has a great potentia
and feasibility in Pakistan. It can helpto solve some of our basic powe
needs in rural areas where anima
waste is easily available. But it has
not been adequately explored
exploited or developed yet.
Water EnginesFaizan Arif 2008-Mechanica
Running cars, fueled by water used to
be just a figment of science fiction
flicks...well, not anymore. This
article will unveil the nitty-gritty of
the technology which was kept under
wraps for years. My aim is to obtain
hydrogen gas from water to produce
power on economical basis and to
highlight different methods employed
to extract hydrogen from water. In
addition to, the complications, I,
faced during the working of the
engine are being transformed into
proficient solutions to synthesize a
profitable engine. Research reveals
that as compared to conventiona
engines water engine is the most
economical and efficient engine and
this analysis will mark the beginning
of an automotive revolution.
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15
Water, as seen by a common man is a
source of quenching his thirst but
when it comes to engineering, the
approach drastically changes.
Engineers are born with the talent to
find something out of nothing, and
continuing this maxim they havecome up with a peculiar result, using
water as a source of fuel. Seems
anomalous, however that is the way
it is. Water when decomposes
generates hydrogen and oxygen
which when recombined generates
highly appreciated power without the
emission of harmful gases. Well, had
the phenomenon been that much
trouble free then all the chiefmanufacturers of car would have
installed it in their cars but the
scenario is totally opposite. This is
primarily because of the
inappropriate methods employed to
decompose water into its
components and if they ever
achieved the results of
decomposition, the problem
remained how to combine thecomponents again so that we get
something to cheer for.
According to the invention a method
of generating hydrogen comprises the
steps of exposing a fresh metal
surface to water and heating the
interface between the metal surface
and the water at least to the lowest
temperature at which the metalreacts with water to form a metal
oxide and hydrogen, the metal being
chosen from metals which are higher
in the electromotive series than
hydrogen and having stable and safe
handling characteristics. Preferably
the metal surface is exposed and the
interface heated by pressing an
electrode of the relevant metal
against a second electrode under
water and applying a high voltage
between the electrodes whilepreferably moving the electrode
surfaces relatively to one another.
In other words in the preferred form
of the invention hydrogen is formed
by creating an underwater electrical
discharge between two electrodes at
least one of which is made of a metal
as defined above.
The electrical discharge and the
relative movement between theelectrode surfaces ensure that fresh
metal surfaces are exposed to the
water while at the same time the
discharge heats the interface
between the electrodes and the
water to the required temperature at
which the metal reacts with water to
form its oxide and to liberate
hydrogen.
Also in the preferred form of the
invention the metal is aluminum
which has the advantage that it is in
relatively abundant supply, relatively
cheap, is formed with a protective
oxide layer on its exposed surfaces
and reacts with water at a relatively
low temperature. Aluminum wire fed
against a rotating aluminum drum has
been found to give excellent results
to provide hydrogen for powering
small internal combustion engines.
A convenient way of securing the high
voltage required is to employ the
conventional distributor and coi
arrangement which provides the
sparking for an internal combustion
engine. Two coils in parallel fed from
a common distributor have been
found to give excellent results. Other
methods of generating high voltages
from the battery or the drive shaft of
an internal combustion engine may
also be used. The method of the
invention lends itself in an excellent
manner to supply hydrogen on
demand. In this case hydrogen is fed
to a small buffer store and as the
pressure in the store exceeds a
predetermined level, the electrodes
are separated so that hydrogengeneration is interrupted. As the
pressure drops to a certain level the
electrodes are again fed towards one
another.
The story of this eccentric
mysterious, unfamiliar and relatively
unknown engine still mystifies leading
car manufacturing companies
because they do not have faith and
self-reliance in its efficient working
However, I am still buoyant that one
day I will own a water fueled car.
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Renewable e
Pakistan, despite the enormous
potential of its energy resources,
remains energy deficient and has to
rely heavily on imports to satisfy
hardly its needs. Moreover a very
large part of the rural areas does not
have the electrification facilities
because they are either too remote
and/or too expensive to connect to
the national grid. Pakistan obtains its
energy requirements from a variety
of traditional and commercial
sources.
Share of various primary energy
sources in energy supply mix
remained during last few years as oil:
43.5%, gas: 41.5%, LPG: 0.3%, coal:
4.5%, hydroelectricity: 9.2%, and
nuclear electricity: 1.1%. The electric
power generation included 71.9%
thermal, 25.2% hydel and 2.9%
nuclear.
While there is no prospect for
Pakistan to reach self-sufficiency in
hydrocarbons, the good option is the
exploitation and utilization of the
huge coal reserves of Thar and the
other renewable energy sources.
Pakistan has wide spectrum of high
potential renewable energy sources,
conventional and as well non-
conventional, which have not beenadequately explored, exploited and
developed.
When it comes to Pakistan, an entire
gambut of renewable energy sources
can be considered plausible. Solar
(P
a
to
th
as
te
c
fi
fr
bi
s
all
re
T
toth
lik
re
e
th
pl
ch
b
se
clia
ac
pr
va
w
h
16
nergy resources in Pakistan
Zainab Nadee
V and concentrator PV/thermal)
d (onshore-off-shore) wind appear
make most sense, primarily given
e geography and climatic conditions
well as the maturity of the
chnology worldwide, but biofuels,
al-to-gas and coal-to-liquid fuels,
cher-tropsch synthesis of fuels
m converting biomass and
owaste to syn-gas, tidal power,
all hydro, and thermoelectrics are
l valid technologies to be
searched and looked into.
us, the primary energy supplies
day are not enough to meet evene present demand. So, Pakistan,
e other developing countries of the
gion, is facing a serious challenge of
ergy deficit. The development of
e renewable energy sources can
ay an important role in meeting this
allenge. Present observations
sed on reviewing the geological
tup, geographical position,
matological cycles and thericultural/industrial/urbanization
tivities reveal that there are bright
ospects for the exploitation of
rious renewable energy sources,
hich include mega & macro/micro-
del, biomass, biogas, wind, solar,
co-generati
wastes, util
levels, se
geothermal
Technologic
energy so
consequent
poverty a
environmen
can be ben
options of
substitute
sources ex
agricultural
population l
electricity
sources wil
thereby red
that is taxi
cope with
problems.
There is n
derive as m
solar conce
wind farms
natural gas
hydro-elect
The gover
energy in t
a centralize
must un
productionany change
have majo
investors
money (an
an infrastru
2008-Mechanica
n, city and other solid
ization of low-head cana
wave & tide and
energies etc
ally, all these renewable
urces are viable and
ly suit to efforts fo
lleviation and cleane
t in Pakistan. The country
fited by harnessing these
energy generation as
energy in areas where
ist. As Pakistan is the
country and major part of
ives in the rural areas, the
enerated by renewable
l also improve rural life
ucing the urban migration
g the ability of cities to
their own environmenta
reason why we cannot
uch or more energy from
trators, tidal waves, and
than we already do from
power plants and large
ric dams.
ment, having managed
e country for so long via
d organization (WAPDA)
erstand that energy
is a long-term play andto the energy policy can
r ramifications for the
ho may put up their
time) into building out
cture.
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As the availability of adequate
supplies of energy is a pre-requisite
to generate economic activities, the
energy sector plays a vital role in
ensuring all-round development and
growth of economy of a nation.
Energy is considered as one of thefour major drivers of growth in
strategic planning of Pakistan
Government (FD, 2001). The other
three drivers are agriculture, small &
medium enterprises, and information
technology. Since the inception of
Pakistan, the primary power supplies
from the conventional energy sources
were (and are still today) not enough
to meet the countrys demand.Pakistan, despite the enormous
potential of its indigenous energy
resources, remains energy deficient
and has to rely heavily on the imports
of the petroleum products to satisfy
its present day need.
Efforts have also been made to
exploit the existing conventional
energy resources to build a strongindigenous exploration and
production base. In spite of all these
efforts, the achieved results so far are
not cost effective, helpful in
reduction of import dependence,
promotion of self-reliance through
accelerated exploitation of
co
m
d
p
in
ye
Inb
in
e
d
sy
C
T
fo
p
m
rech
N
re
re
co
ec
th
17
nventional energy resources with
inimum environmental
gradation. Though the thermal
wer generating capacity has
creased rapidly during last few
ars due to foreign investment in
dependent Power Producers (IPPs),t at the same time, it has caused
creased air pollution and GHG
issions with the result of
gradation of health and eco-
stems.
nclusion:
e conventional energy sources, i.e.
ssil fuels (such as coal and
troleum and biofuels like wood),
ega-hydel, and nuclear plants have
mained the energy sources ofoice of the world for centuries.
w, there has been a growing
cognition, for more than one
ason, of the dangers inherent in
ntinuing with the model of
onomic development based on
ese sources, particularly the
excessive c
One reason
fossil fuels
the present
would not
community
minute whmillennium
prophesized
before th
millennium,
convention
Moreover,
proved tha
has been re
is mainly c
emissionssystems ba
another as
sharp focu
countries c
excessively
marked as
fluctuations
indiscrimina
to defores
environmenburning of
increase in
consequent
for women
the other
energy gen
impacts on
nsumption of fossil fuels
is that the reserves o
are not unlimited and at
rate of consumption they
last very long. The world
today uses up in one
at it took the earth ato create. It is
that at this rate, wel
e end of the new
the world will run out of
l energy sources
it has been conclusively
t climate change, which
sulting in global warming
used by greenhouse gas
rom energy generatingsed on fossil fuels. Yet
ect that has come into
is that the developing
an ill afford to depend
upon petroleum imports
they are by volatile price
. Moreover
te use of fuel wood leads
tation with consequent
tal hazards and inefficientfuel wood leads to an
indoor air pollution and
health hazards especially
and children. Similarly
conventional sources o
ration have their adverse
nvironment.
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18
WATCH PHONES
Tooba Aziz 08-Computer Science
Today, technology is starting to
advance even more than ever before.
It is not just getting bigger day by day,
but also getting slimmer and
portable. With these technology
advancements come many great
things, such as the watch cell phones.
Do you have a tendency to lose your
mobile phone?
Do you find it hard to carry that bulky
phone around? If so, then this wrist
cell phone watch is something you
should look into. One of the watch
phone owners said:
"It is the most innovative gadget of
the world"
Scientists have managed to pack an
amazing amount of technology into a
watch, which speaks volumes for
their technical capabilities. The
phone, or watch, whichever way you
perceive it, comes with touch screen
capabilities as well as internet access,
in addition to speech recognition. As
with all watches, the front face is the
central element of the unit, only in
this case it happens to be a TFT touch
screen which is 1.43 inches in size.
Utilizing Flash user interface
technology, navigation around its
integrated functionality is seamless.
The display screen is colorful in
nature due to its ability to display up
to 256,000 colors, which is unheard
of within a watch.
Short for thin film transistor, TFT is a
type of LCD touchscreen in which
each pixel is controlled by one to four
transistors. TFT-based displays have a
transistor for each pixel on the
screen. This allows the electrical
current that illuminates the display to
be turned on and off at a faster rate,
which makes the display brighter and
shows motion smoother. The TFT
technology provides the best
resolution of all the flat-panel
techniques, but it is also the most
expensive. TFT screens are
sometimes called active-matrix LCDs.
The circuit layout of a TFT-LCD is very
similar to that of a DRAM memory
(Dynamic Random Access Memory).However, rather than fabricating the
transistors from silicon formed into a
crystalline wafer, they are made from
a thin film of silicon deposited on a
glass panel. Transistors take up only a
small fraction of the area of each
pixel; the rest of the silicon film is
etched away to allow light to pass
through. This technology is used in all
watch phones these days.
FINGERNAIL AS STYLUS Pointed nail
for easier typing is shown in the
figure
The concept is to use a fingernai
trimmed to form a point, to be
specifically used as a stylus for a
watch phone for communication
Rather than pressing with the soft
skin of an outstretched fingertip, the
finger is curled over, so that the top
of the forward edge of a fingernai
can be used instead. The thumb is
optionally used to provide support fo
the finger or for a long fingernail
from underneath. The human
fingernail consists of keratin which
has a hardness and smoothness
similar to the tip of a stylus (and so
will not typically scratch a
touchscreen). Alternately, very short
stylus tips are available, which slipright onto the end of a finger; this
increases visibility of the contact
point with the screen.
FEATURES OF THE WATCH PHONE
In addition to making calls with this
watch, there are a couple of othe
applications found in the menu. For
example, an MP3 player and a voice
recording function. Especially the
latter is very useful, for instance to
record an important conversation, or
to record a voice memo. In addition
to these features, you can also insert
text memos and keep your agenda
up-to-date. The dialer was tiny, but
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19
not too small to dial a phone number
accurately. Watch phone will even
get voice recognition, so you can skip
the dialer altogether. The phone has
a speaker onboard so you can talk
directly to your wrist, or you can use
Bluetooth for a wireless headphonesetup. Something you usually hardly
ever do, is make video-calls, however,
the Watch Phone did tempt you to do
so more often. It is the icing on the
cake for this gadget. A small VGA
camera ensures that you can see each
other during the call. You can also use
the VGA camera to take pictures,
although the quality simply does not
suffice, and moreover; the lens is
placed on the same side as theviewfinder.
So, watch phones provide complete
facilities of wrist watch, calendar,
camera, calculator and cell phone. It
is designed to appear like any top end
quality timepiece. Watch Phone is
stylish, sophisticated and the height
of technology, but its also undeniably
fun. Watch Phone demonstrates ou
technological leadership, proving thatcomputer scientists can bring all the
components in todays most
advanced mobile phones down to a
very small scale.
Self-Righting Buildings
Numair Farooq (08-Civil
A new earthquake-resistant structural
system for buildings, just successfully
tested in Japan, will not only help a multi-
story building hold itself together during
a violent earthquake, but also return it to
standing up straight on its foundation
afterward, true and plumb, with damage
confined to a few easily replaceable
parts.
The team that designed the system was
led by researchers at Stanford University
and the University of Illinois. During
testing on a massive shake table, the
system survived simulated earthquakes in
excess of magnitude 7 on Richter scale of
earthquake measurement.
This new structural system has the
potential to make buildings far more
damage resistant and easier to repair, so
people could reoccupy buildings a lot
faster after a major earthquake than they
can now.
The system dissipates energy through the
movement of steel frames that are
situated around the building's core or
along exterior walls. The frames can be
part of a building's initial design or could
be incorporated into an existing building
undergoing seismic retrofitting. They are
economically feasible to build, as all the
materials employed are commonly used
in construction today and all the parts
can be made using existing fabrication
methods.
The unique thing about these frames is
that, unlike conventional systems, they
actually rock off their foundation under
large earthquakes.
The rocking frames are steel braced-
frames, the columns of which are free torock up and down within steel shoes
secured at their base. To control the
rocking and return the frame to vertical
when the shaking stops, steel tendons
run down the center of the frame from
top to bottom. These tendons are made
of high-strength steel cable strands
twisted together and designed to remain
elastic during shaking. When shaking is
over, they rebound to their norma
length, pulling the building back into
proper alignment.
At the bottom of the frame sit stee
fuses designed keep the rest of the
building from sustaining damage.
The idea of this structural system is that
we concentrate the damage inreplaceable fuses. The fuses are built to
flex and dissipate the shaking energy
induced by the earthquake, thereby
confining the damage. Like electrica
fuses, the steel fuses are easily replaced
when they blow out.
The team conducted shake-testing of the
new system in the last few months at the
Hyogo Earthquake Engineering Research
Center in Miki City, Japan. Using differenttypes of fuses and various shaking
parameters, they conducted four majo
tests, the last on Aug. 24 2009. They had
previously developed and tested the
individual components of the system and
performed computational analyses to
simulate the system's performance at
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laboratories at Stanford and the
University of Illinois.
This was the first time the whole system
was tested to check how it responded
dynamically in a building, the test was
performed under extreme earthquake
shaking.
How the tests were done
The tests of the new system were
conducted using a three-quarters size
model of a standard modern three-story
office building with a footprint 120 by
180 feet. The 26-foot tall model sat on a
massive vibrating shake table the
largest in the world, measuring over
3,000 square feet in size that is
designed to reproduce the shaking from
different earthquakes. Each of the three
stories weighed 100 metric tons.
System survived even extreme shaking
The rocking frame was undamaged after
the test but the steel fuses were yielded
and deformed because they absorbed all
the energy. This test demonstrated that
the rocking frame is a reliable and
effective system.
Buildings that survive earthquakes often
have to be torn down because they are
too deformed or damaged during the
shaking for it to be economical or even
physically possible, to repair them. So thebuilding sacrifices to save the occupants.
In this design the damage is minimized
and limited to the steel fuses.
The elastic behavior of the steel tendons,
each of which consists of seven steel
wires similar to the wire used in modern
suspension bridges, is particularly critical
to preventing residual deformation of the
building by pulling it back into plumb
when the shaking stops.
Other economic advantages and
sustainability benefits
In addition to saving lives and minimizing
repair costs, widespread use of the new
techniques could offer other benefits.
If more buildings are habitable right afte
an earthquake, you will have less
disruption to society. That could greatly
reduce how long economic downturns
and social disruptions linger after a major
earthquake. And there are potentia
environmental benefits.
If you think of the sustainability issues
imagine if you have a city where you have
to end up tearing down large numbers o
buildings. In terms of the environmenta
issues, there are tremendous costs fo
disposing of construction materials in
landfills, coupled with the impacts o
manufacturing the materials used fo
rebuilding. By prolonging the longevity o
buildings, you have a really positive
sustainability impact.
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Tech Magazine review
Reading good technical
literature, having an update on
technology market and knowing about
latest gadgets is what every technology
enthusiast wants. But finding all of this
in a single package can prove to be an
annoyingly difficult task. So, for all of
those who speak IT & Computers, I
recommend a wonderful companion
SPIDER- a magazine for those who
live their life on web.
Rightfully claimed as Pakistans
ultimate digital resource, SPIDER is a
monthly magazine started in 1998 as a
joint venture of Dawn Newspaper and
Xiber.com. It carries cover stories and
feature articles on the development of
the Internet and how it affects
Pakistanis. Every issue of Spider
explores new technologies and
provides an insight into latest trends in
the tech world. Cover stories on
In
h
re
u
m
In
se
pr
an
ch
yo
pr
or
Sp
ha
A
m
st
fe
re
q
Tech Book Review
Do you need help
with thermo lab?
Want to
understand Car
ENGINE? Feeling
perplexed on
reading confusing
theory? Or have to prepare a thermo
lab report and viva? Then take no
tension, be relaxed, take three deep
breaths because here is your problem
solved. All you need is AUTOMOTIVE
MECHANICS. Written by William A.
Crouse and Donald L. Anglin and
published by McGraw Hill International,
this book is undoubtedly the most
useful book I have come across while
pr
re
u
h
te
10
la
d
di
cosy
el
ig
dr
su
sh
21
Sara Naeem
ernet and IT expand the digital
rizons of the readers. News bytes
lated to tech world help us keep
dated. Personally I wait a whole
onth for Spider to go through its
spect a gadget and buyers guide
ction. Best features and reasonable
ices of the recommended gadgets
d hardware have always helped me
oose what suits me and my budget. If
u want a gaming console, a
ofessional PC or a simple computer
whatever you want, every issue of
ider provides an excellent insight on
w to upgrade your computer withinpecific budget.
nother amazing part of SPIDER is the
onthly review of latest PC and play
tion games describing their plot,
atures, ratings and system
quirements. Tech tips, answers to
eries from readers, website reviews,
book review
lot of ad
technology
offline link t
continuing
developmen
SPIDER
started a re
column to
readers u
date on m
computing.
also regul
includes an
and Wi-Fi ho
Spider can
for just 37
monthly fro
Rs 50. Visit
information.
Sara Naeem
eparing for my Thermodynamics lab
ports and viva. Its easy to
derstand language with pictorial aid,
lps you learn complex engine
chnologies and theories in no time.
thEdition of this book covers the
est developments in automobile
sign, construction, operation,
agnosis and service. This book
ntains engines, classifications, enginestems like fuel injection, lubrication,
ctrical and electronic equipment,
ition systems, performance and
ivability, chassis, drive trains,
spension system. You name it. In
ort, a complete and comprehensive
book on au
comes in ha
and thermo l
For anyon
automotives
his/her kn
without neit
reading c
difficult liter
getting his/hsearch throu
books. This
Automotive
market in bo
can be found
of629.2872
08-MECHANCAL
s, internet security tips, a
ertisements related to
.. All in all a complete
o our online world. With
emphasis on wireless
ts,
has
ular
eep
-to-
bile
It
larly
updated list of local ISPs
tspots.
e subscribed to for 1 year
5 Rs or can be bought
m nearest book stores fo
www.spider.tm for furthe
08-MECHANICAL
tomotive car engines that
ndy for both thermo lab 1
lab 2.
who is interested in
& wants to improve
wledge on this subject
her getting a headache by
nfusing & ridiculously
ature available online no
er hands dirty by trying togh dusty old edition library
ook is A MUST HAVE.
Mechanics is available in
th pirated & original form &
in UET library with serial no
88A.
-
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22
ASME UET-TECHNICAL SOCIETY REVIEW Faizan Arif (2008-Mechancical)
Founded in 1880, ASME
INTERNATIONAL is regarded, by
distinguished mechanical engineers
as a leading society in the field.
Primarily, ASME owes its success to
its lucid and effective Mission
Statement which goes as
To promote the arts and
science of Mechanical Engineering and
the allied sciences
ASME INTERNATIONAL is distributed
into 10 districts, ranging from A to J.
Our motherland, Pakistan falls under
district G and shares this group with
Australia, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, South Korea
and Taiwan.
When we shift from district to
country level, ASME PAKISTAN
constitutes numerous ASME student
sections, where ASME-UET STUDENTS
SECTION is prominent among the
rest.
My job actually starts from here;
where I have to burnish the
reputation of ASME UET on behalf of
its achievements. ASME UET, three
times best student section, is a
complete technical package for
science oriented people which aims
to provide group level benefits to
ASME student members, to increase
industrial and corporate interaction,
to manage research projects and
inculcate them in industries, to
enhance personal development, to
provide internships to its members
and to encourage and send
participants to represent UET in
different National and International
Engg. Contests.
ASME UET, since 2004 has been
privileged to host Humanitarian
Professional Development
Conference (HSSDC) and Student
Professional Development
Conference (SPDC) in 2006 and 2008
respectively. Moreover, ASME UET
was honored to conduct Student
Leadership Seminar (SLS) in 2010.
In addition to this, ASME UET has
many awards and gratifying
achievements under its belt. Starting
from 2005, student members
achieved 2nd position in Aero
modeling competition in GIKI, pulled
off 1st and 3rd positions in Technical
Webpage design contest and
technical presentation contest in
SPDC, Singapore in 2007, attained 1stand 2nd positions in Technical
webpage contest and technical
presentation contest in SPDC, India.
This society acquired 1st and 3rd
Positions in Technical Quiz Contest,
Technical Paper and project
competition respectively, in 2nd
AMEC, held in 2009 and fetched 1st
and 2nd position in Quiz and Project
Competitions respectively in 3rdAMEC, held in 2010.
Besides that ASME UET conducts
Presentation contests, Technical
poster contests, Industrial tours,
Seminars and webinars and provides
Internships and job resources to its
treasured members. Diversity Action
Program (DAP) has been assigned to
ASME UET to be executed this yea
(2010) which reflects the glory and
grandeur of the society.
Now coming towards the
administration, the pecking order of
the society is as follows- President
ASME UET, General Secretary
Coordinator, President Technica
Sections, Assistant Vice president
Technical sections and Volunteers
The current number of enrolledmembers is more than 350 and the
members are increasing day by day
The membership fee for student
members is 50 Rs only in particular
months. You have to fill a form,
placed at Khalid photo copy in SSC
and pay the amount to the member
recruitment head.
All things considered, the society iswell managed and the zenith of the
reputation is due to its exalted status
backed up by several achievements in
its bag. For sure, the certificates of
ASME UET add up to the persona
zeal and make your CV prominent
among the rest. Be a part of ASME
family and learn to set a standard for
your new horizons.
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http://www.spider.tm/