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Results of Observations of 14 Mutual Events of Galilean Moons of Jupiter
Arto Oksanen (Nyrölä observatory, Finland)
Apostolos Christou (Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland)
AstroCon 2004AL • AAVSO • ALPO • ASP
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PHEMU03 campaign
In 2002-2003, the Earth and the Sun go through the common orbital plane of the galilean satellites of Jupiter. This occurs only every 6 years and allows the observation of mutual eclipses and occultations between the satellites.
These observations were made during the last opportunities since 1973 until the former campaign of 1997 and they have led to interesting results well in astrometry (dynamics of the system) as in planetology (physics of the surfaces of the satellites) thanks to the large number of data obtained on a long interval of time.
Observations are easy to perform even with a small telescope (Galilean satellites have a magnitude about 5) and, in order to make them possible to the observers, we propose the information provided here.
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Geometry of eventsEvery 6 years the orbits of galilean
moons align with Earth and SunNumerous mutual eclipses and
occultations
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Eclipses and occultations
http://www.bdl.fr/Phemu03/ntph01_eng.html
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Observable events
105 phenomena were observable at Nyrola ObservatorySun elevation < -10.0 deg. Jupiter elevation > 10.0 deg.distance to the planet > 1.0 planetary radii magnitude drop > 0.010
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Table of observable events------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Magn. Durat. Distance Distance Planet Sun Date of maximum(TT) to Right As. Declination to Event Drop planet of planet (P) Earth Az H Az H------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year m D h m s s (RP) h m s d ' " AU d d d d 2002 10 20 22 51 39 2 OCC 1 P 0.261 302 5.0 9 10 48 +16 48 13 5.49 -107 10 -165 -37 2002 10 28 1 12 3 2 OCC 1 P 0.410 342 5.2 9 14 13 +16 34 25 5.39 -69 29 -124 -30 2002 11 4 3 32 10 2 OCC 1 P 0.410 363 5.4 9 17 7 +16 22 44 5.28 -23 42 -89 -17 2002 11 12 23 9 30 4 OCC 2 P 0.158 371 6.4 9 19 58 +16 11 34 5.14 -85 21 -157 -44 2002 11 17 0 44 35 1 OCC 2 P 0.011 83 1.5 9 20 59 +16 7 47 5.08 -58 33 -128 -38 2002 11 21 21 21 28 2 OCC 1 P 0.146 353 5.7 9 21 56 +16 4 29 5.00 -101 12 165 -47 2002 11 24 2 53 0 1 OCC 2 P 0.091 156 1.2 9 22 17 +16 3 25 4.97 -12 43 -96 -26 2002 11 28 21 36 22 2 ECL 1 P 0.275 245 5.1 9 22 48 +16 2 8 4.90 -92 17 169 -49 2002 11 28 23 41 24 2 OCC 1 P 0.080 326 5.8 9 22 48 +16 2 7 4.89 -63 31 -147 -46 2002 12 1 4 59 46 1 OCC 2 P 0.191 189 1.0 9 22 56 +16 2 0 4.86 38 39 -68 -13 2002 12 5 20 18 35 3 OCC 4 P 0.431 909 13.8 9 23 1 +16 2 43 4.80 -103 11 142 -46 2002 12 5 23 58 56 2 ECL 1 P 0.453 328 5.4 9 23 1 +16 2 46 4.79 -51 36 -142 -46 2002 12 6 2 1 57 2 OCC 1 P 0.036 284 5.8 9 23 1 +16 2 48 4.79 -13 43 -108 -34 2002 12 7 22 18 35 1 OCC 4 P 0.343 791 5.9 9 22 58 +16 3 29 4.77 -74 26 -177 -50 2002 12 13 2 24 1 2 ECL 1 A 0.624 400 5.5 9 22 35 +16 6 30 4.70 3 44 -103 -33 2002 12 13 4 23 46 2 OCC 1 P 0.011 221 5.9 9 22 35 +16 6 34 4.70 41 38 -76 -19 2002 12 16 2 11 35 4 OCC 1 T 0.361 395 3.8 9 22 12 +16 8 59 4.66 3 44 -106 -35 2002 12 20 4 52 31 2 ECL 1 A 0.711 471 5.7 9 21 30 +16 13 14 4.61 57 34 -71 -16 2002 12 20 21 40 10 2 OCC 1 P 0.245 9118 3.3 9 21 22 +16 14 3 4.60 -71 28 167 -51 2002 12 20 22 57 15 2 OCC 1 P 0.245 9118 3.3 9 21 21 +16 14 7 4.60 -51 36 -165 -50 2002 12 23 0 49 41 2 OCC 3 A 0.480 3779 8.3 9 20 54 +16 16 43 4.57 -14 43 -129 -43 2002 12 24 3 12 6 2 OCC 4 P 0.120 287 1.4 9 20 38 +16 18 11 4.56 33 41 -93 -28 2002 12 24 3 57 13 1 OCC 4 P 0.332 331 1.7 9 20 37 +16 18 14 4.56 47 37 -83 -23 2002 12 25 1 51 2 3 OCC 4 P 0.147 531 10.4 9 20 24 +16 19 30 4.55 9 44 -112 -37 2002 12 26 3 13 55 3 OCC 1 P 0.052 1070 2.5 9 20 7 +16 21 2 4.54 36 40 -93 -28 2002 12 27 20 16 21 2 OCC 1 A 0.149 1932 1.5 9 19 38 +16 23 38 4.52 -84 22 138 -46 2002 12 28 3 4 27 2 OCC 1 P 0.083 909 5.6 9 19 33 +16 24 4 4.52 36 40 -95 -29 2002 12 30 20 45 58 2 ECL 1 P 0.584 590 5.9 9 18 43 +16 28 34 4.49 -74 27 147 -48 2002 12 30 21 20 31 4 OCC 3 P 0.205 804 13.9 9 18 42 +16 28 36 4.49 -66 30 158 -49
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International Pro-am collaboration
A. Oksanen (Nyrölä Observatory, Finland) observations
A. Christou (Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland) image calibration photometry
IMCCE (Paris Obs, France) campaign coordination final analysis
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Observations by Arto
V-filtered CCD-images with short exposures
16-inch Meade LX200 + SBIG ST8XE
Accurate timing (local ntp server)
Short duration events (few minutes)
Easy to find targets
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Observed events
DATE TYPE OBS. START OBS. ENDSAMPLES EXPTIMEFILTER OBS.
30/12/02 2 ECL 1 20:30:08 20:59:02 144 (154) 5.0 V I/II30/12/02 4 OCC 3 21:06:32 21:36:21 180 1.0+5.0 V III+IV/I 06/01/03 2 ECL 1 23:24:08 23:49:04 400 0.5 C I/II14/01/03 2 ECL 1 02:19:47 02:53:34 523 (537) 0.5 C I/II16/01/03 4 OCC 2 23:46:32* O1:05:27 502 (604) 1.0 V IV+II/III19/02/03 4 OCC 1 20:19:29 20:41:30 282 1.0 V IV+I/III19/02/03 4 ECL 1 22:00:25 22:27:47 448 1.0 V I/III15/03/03 3 ECL 4 21:47:40 22:32:30 579 (599) 1.0+2.0 R IV/III17/03/03 1 ECL 3 18:09:20 18:40:14 560 1.0 V III/I20/03/03 1 OCC 2 23:46:04 00:00:00 201 1.0 V I+II/III25/03/03 1 ECL 3 19:58:18 20:20:41 250 (420) 0.5 V III+II/I25/03/03 2 OCC 3 20:37:18 20:56:16 353 0.5 V III+II/I25/03/03 2 ECL 3 23:58:35* 00:20:21 305 (326) 1.0 V III/II11/04/03 3 ECL 2 20:53:23 21:11:15 261 1.0 V II/III
* in these cases the dataset was truncated by removing data points before midnight in order to facilitate plotting. The actual data files contain the full dataset.
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Beginning of an eclipse
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Photometry by dr. Christou
Aperature photometry with IDLRelative flux of
eclipsed moon vs. eclipsing moonocculting moon + occulted moon vs.
third moonMoons move during eventsPhotometry data given to IMCCE
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Europe ecl. Io Jan 6, 2003
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Callisto occ. Europe Jan 17, 2003
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Ganymede ecl. Callisto Mar 15, 2003
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Io ecl. Ganymede Mar 17, 2003
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Europe ecl. Ganymede Mar 25, 2003
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Mid event timingsDATE EVENT
PREDICTED TT
OBSERVED TT*
ERRORs*
O-Cs
30.12.2002 2 ECL 1 20:45:58 20:45:56 1.6 -230.12.2002 4 OCC 3 21:20:31 21:20:22 5.1 -9
6.1.2003 2 ECL 1 23:33:51 23:33:57 0.5 +614.1.2003 2 ECL 1 2:47:01 2:47:31 0.6 +3017.1.2003 4 OCC 2 0:44:55 0:44:40 0.5 -1519.2.2003 4 OCC 1 20:32:20 20:32:06 0.3 -1419.2.2003 4 ECL 1 22:16:46 22:16:26 0.5 -2015.3.2003 3 ECL 4 22:15:53 22:15:43 0.4 -1017.3.2003 1 ECL 3 18:23:40 18:23:29 0.7 -1120.3.2003 1 OCC 2 23:53:38 23:53:21 1.4 -1725.3.2003 1 ECL 3 20:09:32 20:09:14 1.1 -1825.3.2003 2 OCC 3 20:49:14 20:49:14 1.0 026.3.2003 2 ECL 3 0:10:30 0:10:26 0.9 -411.4.2003 3 ECL 2 21:03:03 21:03:08 0.9 +5
*Measured with Peranso (www.peranso.com) using the Kwee-van Woerden method (Kwee, K., van Woerden, H., 1956, Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands BAN, Vol XII, 464.)
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Challenges
Weather ! only about 15 percentage of the events were
observable Brightness of moons
short exposure -> scintillation -> scatter Timing
Only full seconds in FITS headers ! Shutter delay, about 0.5 s 0.1 s accuracy of ntp server Windows, about 0.1 s accuracy
Minimum finding with Peranso Assumes symmetrical light curves
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Acknowledgements
Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundationsupporting the Nyrölä observatory
AAVSO and Curry Foundationproviding the ST8XE CCD camera
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Questions?
Arto Oksanen
tel: +358-40-5659438
http://www.ursa.fi/sirius
http://nyrola.jklsirius.fi/phemu03/