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Photograph courtesy of Henry T. McLin.
Restoring and Maintaining Monarch and Pollinator Habitat
Ray MoranzGrazing Lands Pollinator Ecologist
Ray MoranzNRCS Partner Biologist
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Protecting the Life that Sustains Us
The Xerces Society is a nonprofit organization that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat.
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Xerces Blue (Glaucopsyche xerces)
Photo:Ed Ross
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Research, on-the ground Conservation, education,
& advocacy to protect invertebrates and habitat
Major Programs:
• Aquatic invertebrates
• Pesticides
• Citizen science
• Endangered species
• Pollinator conservation
Photos: Anne Averill, H. Ballard, Ed Ross
Introduction to the Xerces Society
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Essential elements of habitat
Photograph courtesy of Samuel.
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Trees for adults to roost in
Photograph courtesy of Pablo Leautaud
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Asclepias syriaca
(common milkweed)
Photos: Ray Moranz
Asclepias tuberosa
(butterfly milkweed)
Asclepias incarnata
(swamp milkweed)
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Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca):
• Most abundant milkweed in Midwest and Northeast
• Rhizomatous
Photos: Ray Moranz; Brianna Borders
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Butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa): • Most widespread milkweed in eastern U.S.
• Very long-lived perennial with very large taproot
Photos: Ray Moranz
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Butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa):
Photos: Ray Moranz
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Photo by Ray Moranz
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Coral Hairstreak on Butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
Photo by Ray Moranz
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Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata):
• Loves wet areas
• Females loves to lay eggs on it and larvae really love it
(Tori Pocius et al, Iowa State U.)
Photos: Ray Moranz
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Photos: Ray Moranz
Total of 12 Asclepiasspecies native to West
Virginia!
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Green comet milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora)
Photo: Ray Moranz
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Green comet milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora)
Map: USDA PLANTS
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Whorled milkweed (Asclepias verticillata)
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Whorled milkweed (Asclepias verticillata)
Konza Prairie, KS
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Longleaf milkweed (Asclepias longifolia)
Some call this species Asclepias hirtella (green milkweed)
Photo: Ray Moranz
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Milkweeds VINES for caterpillars to feed on
Drawing: Britton and Brown 1913 ( Public Domain)
• Cynanchum
• Matelea
• (like Asclepias, these genera are in Family Apocynaceae)
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Milkweeds VINES for caterpillars to feed on
Photo: Robert Mohlenbrock USDA NRCS
Cynanchum laeve (honeyvine)
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Cynanchum laeve (honeyvine)
Map: USDA PLANTS
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Matelea obliqua (climbing milkvine)
Photo: Mason Brock (Public domain)
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Matelea obliqua (climbing milkvine)
Map: BONAP
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Three exotic Cynanchum species approach….
• Cynanchum louisiae ( Louise’s swallow-wort )
• Cynanchum rossicum (European swallow-wort)
• Cynanchum vincetoxicum ( White swallow-wort )
C. rossicumpartial map of distribution
Map: BONAP
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Cynanchum rossicum (European swallow-wort)
Photo: Epibase CC by S.A 3.0
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MJV has excellent fact sheet on exotic Cynanchum
• https://monarchjointventure.org/images/uploads/documents/Swallow-wort_flyer.pdf
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Source: Monarch Joint Venture
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Adults need nectar sources.
• West Virginia has hundreds of plant species that produce nectar.
• Do monarchs like them all?
• Do monarchs exhibit preferences for nectar sources?
Photos: Ray Moranz
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Xerces Society’s Monarch Nectar Plant Database
WEST VIRGINIA OBSERVATIONS?
Our database has no records from West Virginia
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PLEASE HELP US add data to Xerces Society’s database
1) Write a note and give to me after my talk, or
2) “Xerces Monarch Nectar Plant”; click on “online survey”
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfC85E-btqsGSrt16TSAogICzLV2PvOlrID-un-m0jWJpJQkA/viewform?c=0&w=1
Or3) Email me for the website: ([email protected])
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NRCS monarch plant guide for Greater Appalachians
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34
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NRCS monarch plant guide: species account
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NRCS monarch plant guide for Greater Appalachians
• Google search for: “NRCS Monarchs”
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Dakota mock vervain(Glandulariabipinnatifida)
Q.: What woody plants do monarchs like?
Q.: What are the nectar sources in SPRING???
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Q.: What are the Spring Nectar Sources???
• “monarchs frequently visit American plum trees (Prunus americana) as well as wild lupine (Lupinusperennis) and common gaillardia (Gaillardia aristata) when they arrive in West Virginia in the spring”
– Master Naturalists of West Virginia
• http://mnofwv.org/monarch_summit/milkweeds_and_nectar_resources
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Photograph courtesy of Kellly Gill.
Planting Habitat
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Kelly Gill, pollinator conservation specialistNortheast and Mid-Atlantic
Nancy Lee Adamson, Senior Pollinator Conservation Specialist, Southeastern Region
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Meadow restoration
Photograph courtesy of Kellly Gill.
• Planted wildflower mix in meadow but also at edge of forest
• Helianthus angustifolius
• Eutrochium purpureum
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Woodland Habitat, Mount Cuba, Delaware
• Seeded a few years ago
• Lots of black-eyed susan, goldenrod, sneezeweed, asters, ironweed
Photograph courtesy of Kellly Gill.
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Underneath tree crop (PA)
• Agroforestry: swamp oak, scarlet oak, red oak, black gum, sycamore, maple, tulip poplar
• Groundcover: red clover/white clover mix
• Other forbs you could use: black eyed susan, coreopsis, phacelia
Photograph courtesy of Kellly Gill.
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Amidst Orchards
Photograph courtesy of Kellly Gill.
• Adams Co. Pennsylvania.
• Installed wildflower mixes several years ago using NRCS Practice 327 (Conservation Cover)
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Superfund sites!!
• Lehigh Co., PA
• Looked like the Moon a few years ago
Photograph courtesy of Kellly Gill.
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Golf courses
• Battleground Country Club, NJ
• Year 2
Photograph courtesy of Kelly Gill.
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• “first year it sleeps, second year it creeps, third year it leaps.”
• patience is key!!!
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138 pages of wisdom
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Photograph courtesy of James Towill CC by S.A. 2.0.
Managing Habitat with Disturbance
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Photograph courtesy of James Towill CC by S.A. 2.0.
Erin Hartman’s discovery
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• Erin monitors monarch eggs and larvae on common milkweed near PA/WV border
Found that monarchs LOVE to lay eggs on common milkweeds mowed a few weeks earlier
border
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Alcock et al. 2016
• Northern Virginia (Fauquier County)
• Some portions of meadow hayed Aug 8 to Aug 16
• In September, more monarch eggs and young larvae on recently mowed milkweeds than on unmowed milkweeds
• Don’t know if additional eggs in Sept. compensates for eggs/larvae/pupae lost in August
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“The wildflowers are already there. We just need to stop mowing them down.” – Jeff Caster, Florida DOT
Photo: Idaho Transportation Department
Mowing BMPs:
Frequency: once per year, perhaps twice
Timing: Avoid peak monarch breeding
Height: Mow at height of 10” or more to allow vegetation to recover quicker
Sources: Forman et al. 2003; Johst et al. 2006; Noordik et al 2009; Stark et al. 2012; Skorka et al. 2013 ; Warner 1992; Norcini 2014; Harrison 2014
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Photo: Ray Moranz
High Quality Monarch Habitat in Kansas
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• In central U.S., lack of fire has allowed cedar invasion.
• Cedars eventually convert prairie to cedar forest,
with very few forbs.
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Pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida)
RECENTLY BURNED, but NOT grazed
What happens to pollinator plants when you burn?
When you burn, many forb species bloom more profusely
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Prescribed fire helps maintain wildflower diversity at Appalachicola National Forest, FL
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If you are nervous about doing a large fire…..…..start with small fires to get the hang of it
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West Virginians have an amazing opportunity
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Mountaineers for Monarchs?
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Statewide Effort to Save Monarchs and Pollinators
Ray MoranzGrazing Lands Pollinator Ecologist
Katie HawkDirector of Communications and External Affairs
OKLAHOMA MONARCH AND POLLINATOR COLLABORATIVE
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• 4-H/Master Gardeners
• 7 Tribe Initiative
• Ag Innovations
• Blue Doors
• Choctaw Nation
• Cimarron Sierra Club
• Intertribal Land Trust
• Kerr Center
• Kirkpatrick Foundation
• Landowners
• McClain County
Conservation District
• Monarch Watch
• National Wildlife
Federation
• Natural Resources
Conservation Service
• Oaks and Prairies Joint
Venture
• OK Assoc. of
Conservation Districts
• OK Dept. of Tourism
• OK Dept. of
Transportation
• OK Dept. of Wildlife
Conservation
MEMBERS • OK Invasive Plant
Council
• OK Native Plant Society
• OK Natural Heritage
Inventory
• OK State University
• OKC Urban AG Coalition
• OKC Parks & Recreation
• OK Cattlemen’s Assoc.
• OKC Zoo
• OK Farm Bureau
• Oxley Nature Center
• Peach Creek Ranch
• Pheasants Forever
• Prairie Wind Nursery
• Sam Noble Foundation
• Shawnee Tribe
• Sierra Club
• The Nature
Conservancy
• Tishomingo National
Wildlife Refuge
• Tulsa Urban Wilderness
Coalition
• Tulsa Zoo
• U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service
• U.S. Golf Association
• Western Farmers
Electric Coop
• Wild Things Nursery
• Xerces Society
OKLAHOMA MONARCH AND POLLINATOR COLLABORATIVE
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STEERING COMMITTEE• Patrick Bell, OK Native Plant Society• Matt Fullerton, OK Dept of Wildlife Cons.• Ray Moranz, Xerces & NRCS• Jay Pruett & Katie Hawk, The Nature Conservancy• David Redhage, Kerr Center for Sustainable Ag. • Rebecca Snyder, OK City Zoo• Richard Kotarsky, Tulsa Zoo• Julianne Whitaker, OK Dept of Transportation • Kristen Baum, OSU• Katie Boyer, USFWS• Alicia Nevaquaya, Intertribal Land Trust• Jane Breckinridge, Euchee Butterfly Farm• Dustin Lamoreaux, Pheasants/Quail Forever• Lisa Knauf-Owen, OK Cons. Districtts• Marla Peek, OK Farm Bureau• Mary Waller, OMPC Director (NEW!)
WORK GROUPS
OKLAHOMA MONARCH AND POLLINATOR COLLABORATIVE
OUTREACH / URBAN LANDS• Lead – Katie Hawk, TNC
GRASSLANDS / AGRICULTURE• Lead – Jay Pruett, TNC
RIGHTS OF WAY• Lead – Julianne Whitaker, OK Dept of Transportation
MONITORING & DATA MANAGEMENT• Lead – Matt Fullerton, OK Dept of Wildlife Cons.
SEED & PLANT PRODUCTION• Lead – Ray Moranz, Xerces & NRCS
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To educate, engage, and support
Oklahomans in the protection and
enhancement of suitable habitat
and nectar sources for monarchs
and pollinators throughout
Oklahoma.
OKLAHOMA MONARCH AND POLLINATOR
COLLABORATIVE
MISSION
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Collaboratively develop
Statewide
Monarch Conservation Plan.
OKLAHOMA MONARCH AND POLLINATOR
COLLABORATIVE
GOAL 1
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STEERING COMMITTEE• Patrick Bell, OK Native Plant Society• Matt Fullerton, OK Dept of Wildlife Cons.• Ray Moranz, Xerces & NRCS• Jay Pruett & Katie Hawk, The Nature Conservancy• David Redhage, Kerr Center for Sustainable Ag. • Rebecca Snyder, OK City Zoo• Richard Kotarsky, Tulsa Zoo• Julianne Whitaker, OK Dept of Transportation • Kristen Baum, OSU• Katie Boyer, USFWS• Alicia Nevaquaya, Intertribal Land Trust• Jane Breckinridge, Euchee Butterfly Farm• Dustin Lamoreaux, Pheasants/Quail Forever• Lisa Knauf-Owen, OK Cons. Districtts• Marla Peek, OK Farm Bureau• Mary Waller, OMPC Director (NEW!)
WORK GROUPS
OKLAHOMA MONARCH AND POLLINATOR COLLABORATIVE
OUTREACH / URBAN LANDS• Lead – Katie Hawk, TNC
GRASSLANDS / AGRICULTURE• Lead – Jay Pruett, TNC
RIGHTS OF WAY• Lead – Julianne Whitaker, OK Dept of Transportation
MONITORING & DATA MANAGEMENT• Lead – Matt Fullerton, OK Dept of Wildlife Cons.
SEED & PLANT PRODUCTION• Lead – Ray Moranz, Xerces & NRCS
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Oklahoma Monarch and Pollinator Collaborative
• www.okiesformonarchs.org
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© 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Acknowledgements
• Thanks to the Sponsors of this Summit
• Special thanks to:
• Sarah Owen for inviting me
• Sarah and Sheldon Owen for taking care
of logistis in getting me here
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© 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Acknowledgements
Thank you to these Xerces Society supporters:
Annie's
Bently Foundation
Bill Healy Foundation
Cascadian Farm
Ceres Trust
Cheerios
Cinco
CS Fund
The Dudley Foundation
Endangered Species Chocolate
Gaia Fund
General Mills
Häagen-Dazs
Ittleson Foundation
J.Crew
Justin's
Madhava Natural Sweeteners
Metabolic Studio
Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund
Nature Valley
ninety-nine girlfriends
Sarah K. de Coizart Article TENTH Perpetual Charitable Trust
The Monarch Joint Venture
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program
Turner Foundation
U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service
The White Pine Fund
Whole Systems Foundation
Xerces Society Members