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Respuestas al capítulo 1
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Pretérito e imperfecto
• Preterite and imperfect both talk about the ____________________. However, they have very different uses.
– PAST
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Pretérito (-AR Verbs)
É
ARON
AMOS
Ó
ASTE
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Pretérito (-ER/-IR Verbs)
Í
IERON
IMOS
IÓ
ISTE
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Imperfecto (-AR Verbs)
ABA
ABAN
ÁBAMOS
ABA
ABAS
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Imperfecto (-ER/-IR Verbs)
ÍA
ÍAN
ÍAMOS
ÍA
ÍAS
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Uses of the preterite:
• Talk about something that happened:– ON A SPECFIC OCCASION OR A SPECIFIC
NUMBER OF TIMES.– IN A SEQUENCE OF EVENTS.– FOR A SPECIFIC PERIOD OF TIME, EVEN
IF IT HAPPENED REPEATEDLY.
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Uses of the Imperfect:
• WHAT USED TO HAPPEN FOR AN UNSPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME.
• WHAT PEOPLE, PLACES, OR THINGS WERE GENERALLY LIKE OR TO DESCRIBE THE SETTING.
• HOW SOMEONE FELT OR WHAT HE/SHE LIKED/DISLIKED.
• WEATHER• TIME• DESCRIPTION• CON –ANDO/-IENDO
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Complete the following stories by using the correct form of the preterite or imperfect forms of the verbs in parentheses.
• Cuando ___ niña, me ___ (gustar) celebrar el Día de la Independencia.
– ERA– GUSTABA
• Después de desayunar, mi familia y yo ___ (ir) al desfile en el centro.
– FUIMOS• Luego, nosotros ___ (encontrarse) con nuestros parientes en la
casa de mis abuelos. – NOS ENCONTRAMOS
• Yo _____ (divertirse) siempre porque ____ (poder) jugar con mis primos.
– ME DIVERTÍA– PODÍA
• Nosotros ___ (nadar) en la piscina y ___ (jugar) con nuestros juguetes.
– NADÁBAMOS– JUGÁBAMOS
• Siempre ___ (haber) mucho de comer: tacos, ensaladas, frutas y muchos pasteles.
– HABÍA
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• Una vez nosotros le ____ (dar) una sorpresa a abuelito. – DIMOS
• Después de la cena, cuando ______ (ser) de noche, toda mi familia ____ (ir) al parque donde algunos amigos de mi padre ____ (lanzar) fuegos artificiales.
– ERA– FUE– LANZABAN
• Ellos ____ (hacer) mucho ruido y mis primos menores ____ (empezar) a llorar.
– HACÍAN– EMPEZARON
• Después de volver a casa, mi familia le _____ (dar) un pastel de cumpleaños a mi abuelito.
– DIO• Todos nosotros le ____ (cantar).
– CANTAMOS• Luego, él ___ (apagar) las velas y ___ (abrir) sus regalos.
– APAGÓ– ABRIÓ
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SER
SOY
SON
SOMOS
ES
ERES
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ESTAR
ESTOY
ESTÁN
ESTAMOS
ESTÁ
ESTÁS
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Ser is used:
• TO DESCRIBE OR IDENTIFY PEOPLE, PLACES, OR THINGS.
• TO TELL TIME.
• TO SAY WHAT SOMEONE’S PROFESSION IS.
• TO TALK ABOUT NATIONALITY AND ORIGIN.
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Estar is used:
• TO SAY WHERE SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS LOCATED.
• TO DESCRIBE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS, EMOTIONS OR FEELINGS, OR HOW SOMETHING TASTES.
• WITH THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE (-ANDO/-IENDO)
• “No matter how you feel or where you are, always use the verb estar.”
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¿SER O ESTAR?• Me llamo Roberto Sánchez Torres. Mi familia va
a España para vacaciones. Ahora nosotros ____ en la escuela porque ___ primavera.
– ESTAMOS– ES
• Yo tengo quince años y tres hermanos. Mi perro ___ grande y feo.
– ES• Él ___ perezoso también.
– ES• Nosotros tenemos muchos primos. Ellos no van
a España con nosotros porque ellos ___ ocupados.
– ESTÁN
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• Yo ____ baja y tengo el pelo castaño.– SOY
• Yo ____ hija única, pero tengo muchos amigos.
– SOY• Mis primos _____ altos y _____ estudiando
para ser abogados. – SON– ESTÁN
• Ellos ____ deportistas. – SON
• Ellos ____ de México pero _______ en España para vacaciones.
– SON– ESTÁN
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• __ las tres. – SON
• Hoy ____ sábado. – ES
• __ el dos de febrero. – ES
• Ella ___ de Perú y ___ médica. – ES– ES
• Ella __ estudiando en la universidad. – ESTÁ
• Sus padres ___ en Florida, pero ella ____ en casa. – ESTÁN– ESTÁ
• Ella ___ de Guatemala. – ES
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– Andrea _____ en la universidad.• ESTÁ
– El señor ____ programador.• ES
– Mi esposo _____ enfermo hoy.• ESTÁ
– ___ la una.• ES
– Hoy ____ lunes.• ES
– Ella ____ chilena.• ES
– La pluma ______ de Arturo y ___ de plástico.
• ES• ES
– Francisco _____ el novio de Katrina.
• ES– ____ importante practicar
cada día.• ES
– La chica ____ alegre.• ESTÁ
– Ellos ______ rubios.• SON
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SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD– Subjunctive is used to express ____ and ____.
• HOPES• WISHES
– Verbs like: _____, _____, and ______ are some verbs we worked with.
• ESPERAR• PREFERIR• RECOMENDAR
– In order to have the subjunctive, you must have _____, _____, QUE ____, _____.
• SUBJECT 1• VERB 1• QUE• SUBJECT 2• VERB 2
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– Some other verbs that give advice or show opinions like: ____, ______, _____, _____, ______, ____ also use the subjunctive.
• ES MEJOR QUE• ES BUENA IDEA QUE• ES IMPORTANTE QUE• ACOSENJAR QUE• RECOMENDAR QUE• SUGERIR QUE
– Three steps to form the verb in the subjunctive:• PRESENT TENSE YO FORM• DROP O• OPPOSITE ENDINGS
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LOS IRREGULARES
• HAYA-HABER
• VAYA-IR
• SEPA-SABER
• SEA-SER
• DÉ-DAR
• ESTÉ-ESTAR
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– The subjunctive is used when there is a ____ in subject from the main clause and the second clause.
• CHANGE
– When there is no change in subject, an ____ follows the verb in the main clause.
• INFINITIVE
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• Yo espero que ella _____ (hacer) la tarea.– HAGA
• Ellos sugieren que tú _____ (ir) a la playa.– VAYAS
• Es importante que ellos ____ (usar) la computadora.– USEN
• Es buena idea que ella ____ (saber) la verdad.– SEPA
• Mis padres me recomiendan que ______ (salir) temprano.– SALGA
• Srta. Windt quiere que los estudiantes ______ (estudiar) cada día.– ESTUDIEN
• Ella prefiere que nosotros ____ (salir).– SALGAMOS
• Es mejor que ella ____ (comer) las verduras.– COMA
• Te aconsejo que ____ (caminar) más rápidamente.– CAMINES
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DIRECT OBJECTS
• ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:– WHO?– WHAT?
LO
LAS
LOS
LA
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INDIRECT OBJECTS
ME
LES
NOS
LE
TE
•ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
•TO WHOM?
•FOR WHOM?
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– Steps:• Go to your verb and ask the questions.• Figure out what you are replacing.• Look at your chart and see what you would replace
it with.• Put these _____ your verb.
– IN FRONT OF
• Indirect Object Pronouns go _____ Direct Object Pronouns.– BEFORE
• Remember you can’t ___, you MUST ____.– LE LO– SE LO
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USE A DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN
• Miguel pregunta la información. – MIGUEL LA PREGUNTA
• Eduardo construye el avión.– EDUDARDO LO CONSTRUYE.
• Angelica bebe la limonada. – ANGELICA LA BEBE.
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DO & IO
• Juanita escribe una carta a su hermano. – JUANITA SE LA ESCRIBE.
• Yo estoy leyendo el libro a los chicos. – YO SE LO ESTOY LEYENDO.– YO ESTOY LEYENDÓSELO.
• Estás diciendo la verdad a ellos. – SE LA ESTÁS DICIENDO.
• Ellos están diciendo la verdad a nosotros.– ELLOS NOS LA ESTÁN DICIENDO.
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PALABRAS NEGATIVAS• Nadie:
– NO ONE/NO BODY
• Nunca:– NEVER
• Nada:– NOTHING
• Tampoco:– NEITHER
• Ni…Ni – NEITHER…NOR
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– Hacer + Time can also be used to describe how long ago an event or situation took place. Hace dos años, fui a Florida. (Two years ago, I went to Florida.) Hace tres semanas, visité a mi abuela. (I visited my grandmother three weeks ago.)
• Write the following in Spanish.– I have been dancing for 3 years.
» HACE 3 AÑOS QUE BAILO.– You have been drawing for 7 years.
» HACE 7 AÑOS QUE TÚ DIBUJAS.– She visited her family 2 weeks ago.
» HACE 2 SEMANAS QUE ELLA VISITÓ A SU FAMILIA.– We haven’t gone to Mexico in 4 months.
» HACE 4 MESES QUE NOSOTROS NO FUIMOS A MÉXICO.
– The boys studied two days ago.» HACE 2 DÍAS QUE LOS CHICOS ESTUDIARON.
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Vamos a
capítulo 2
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oImperfect is used to talk about ____ events. oPAST
oIt tells:oWHAT ONE USED TO DOoHOW THINGS USED TO BEoWHAT HAPPENED IN GENERAL.
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Terminaciones-AR Verbs
ABAABAABAABA
ABANABANABANABAN
ÁBAMOSÁBAMOSÁBAMOSÁBAMOS
ABAABAABAABA
ABASABASABASABAS
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Terminaciones-ER/-IR Verbs
ÍAÍAÍAÍA
ÍANÍANÍANÍAN
ÍAMOSÍAMOSÍAMOSÍAMOS
ÍAÍAÍAÍA
ÍASÍASÍASÍAS
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Los Irregulares
IR-IBA
SER-ERA
VER-VEÍA
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Expresiones Comunes
oImperfect is often used with the expressions:oMUCHAS VECESoA VECESo(CASI) SIEMPREoTODOS LOS AÑOS/DÍAS
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Mi mejor amigo/tomar clases de piano
MI MEJOR AMIGO TOMABA CLASES DE PIANO.
Mi hermano/hacer windsurf
MI HERMANO HACÍA WINDSURF.
Mis amigos y yo/ver dibujos animados en la tele
MIS AMIGOS Y YO VEÍAMOS DIBUJOS ANIMADOS EN LA TELE.
Tú/jugar al béisbol
TÚ JUGABAS AL BÉISBOL.
Mis primos/montar en bicicleta
MIS PRIMOS MONTABAN EN BICICLETA.
Mi madre/coleccionar animales de peluche
MI MADRE COLECCIONABA ANIMALES DE PELUCHE.
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Ir + A + Infinitive
o This translates to: _____________o “WAS GOING TO...”
o Write that the following people were going to do the following things:
They were going to leave.
ELLOS IBAN A SALIR.
We were going to skate.
NOSOTROS ÍBAMOS A
PATINAR.
I was going to cook.
YO IBA A
COCINAR.
You were going to read.
TÚ IBAS A LEER.
She was going to study.
ELLA IBA A
ESTUDIAR.
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Nosotros Commands
o You form nosotros commands by taking
the _______
o PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
NOSOTROS FORM
o The verb “IR” is the only irregular
affirmative command:
o VAMOS
o Write nosotros commands for the
following:
Let’s leave:
SALGAMOS
Let’s eat:
COMAMOS
Let’s not organize:
NO ORGANICEMOS
Let’s give:
DEMOS
Let’s arrive:
LLEGUEMOS
Let’s play (an instrument):
TOQUEMOS
Let’s play:
JUGUEMOS
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Direct object pronouns
LASLASLASLAS
LOSLOSLOSLOS
LALALALA
LOLOLOLO
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Indirect object pronouns
LELELELE
NOSNOSNOSNOS
TETETETE
MEMEMEME
LESLESLESLES
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oWhich goes first: direct or indirect:
oINDIRECT
oIs “le la” correct?
oNO; SE LA
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Mis padres van a dar el regalo a mí.
MIS PADRES ME LO VAN A DAR.
MIS PADRES VAN A DARMELO.
Mi hermano nunca presta sus discos compactos a mi hermana.
MI HERMANO NUNCA SE LOS PRESTA.
La profesora pidió la tarea.
LA PROFESORA LA PIDIÓ.
Ellos escriben una carta.
ELLOS LA ESCRIBEN.
Yo estoy escribiendo un libro.
YO LO ESTOY ESCRIBIENDO.
YO ESTOY ESCRIBIÉNDOLO.
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Pagué cuarenta dólares al cajero.
LE PAGUÉ CUARENTA DÓLARES.
Mis tíos regalaron la bicicleta a mi primo.
MIS TÍOS SE LA REGALARON.
Mis tíos enviaron fotos a mi familia y a mí.
MIS TÍOS NOS LAS ENVIARON.
MIS TÍOS NOS LAS ENVIARON.
Mi mejor amiga dejó la nota para ti.
MI MEJOR AMIGA TE LA DEJÓ.
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o Indicative talks about _______, whereas the subjunctive talks about ______, or _______.o WHAT ISo WHAT SHOULD BEo WHAT PEOPLE THINK/FEEL ABOUT WHAT IS
o Subjunctive is used to talk about what is not. It is used after expressions like _____, ______ when the person or thing referred to is nonexistent.o NO HAY NADIE QUEo NO HAY NADA QUE
o In other situations, the speaker doesn’t know what is. He or she may be looking for someone or something with certain qualities, without having anyone or anything particular in mind. This has unknown characteristics, therefore, we use the ______.o SUBJUNCTIVE
Subjunctive with the Subjunctive with the unknown or nonexistentunknown or nonexistent
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¿Conoces a una persona que (está/esté) de buen humor? ESTÉ
Tengo un novio que (guarda/guarde) mis secretos. GUARDA
No hay nada que me (alegra/alegre) más que la amistad. ALEGRE
Quiero confiar en alguien que (puede/pueda) resolver mis problemas.
PUEDA Mi hermano quiere una novia que no (es/sea) chismosa.
SEA Cristina es muy graciosa; no hay chiste que no
(sabe/sepa). SEPA
No conozco a nadie que (confía/confíe) completamente en ella.
CONFÍE
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Subjunctive with expressions or feelings
o Some expressions of feelings that are followed by the subjunctive include: me gusta que, me molesta que, me frustra que, me sorprende que, me preocupa que, siento que and me irrita que.
o If the clause states a fact or BELIEF, the indicative is used. If there is no change in subject, an infinitive is used.
o Write 5 sentences using the subjunctive with expressions of feelings:o ¿VOLUNTARIOS?
o Write 2 sentences using the indicative.o ¿VOLUNTARIOS?
o Write 2 sentences using an infinitive.o ¿VOLUNTARIOS?