Download - Responsible scholarship.part1
• What is “Responsible Scholarship”?
What are we going to talk about today?
• What exactly is PLAGIARISM?
• Tips on fostering a culture of honesty and academic integrity
• (following slides loosely based on a plagiarism webinar of “2013 webinar series of plagiarismadvice.org”)
What we want to look at in this session is :
the meaning and context of plagiarism, the nature of plagiarism by students, how do students perceive plagiarism, how big a problem is student plagiarism, why do students cheat, what challenges are posed by digital plagiarism and is there a need to promote academic integrity? Plagiarism is common and getting more so (particularly with increased access to
digital sources, including the Internet), there are multiple reasons why students plagiarise and that students often
rationalise their cheating behaviour and downplay the importance of plagiarism by themselves and their peers.
develop cohesive frameworks for dealing with student plagiarism that are based on prevention supported by robust detection and penalty systems that are transparent and applied consistently.
According to Wikipedia…• “Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "purloining
(stealing) and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work.[1][2] The idea remains problematic with unclear definitions and unclear rules.[3][4][5][6] The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement.
• Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions like expulsion.
• Plagiarism is not a crime per se but in academia and industry it is a serious ethical offense,[7][8] and cases of plagiarism can constitute copyright infringement.”
Responsible scholarship
• Plagiarism is a complex issue• Not only one definition, description and meaning exist.• All universities treat plagiarism differently, according to their own needs and occurrences.
– Some have clear guidelines, some have hidden guidelines, some try to avoid the issue.
• For a students responsible scholarship means to find out exactly what is required in the academic world.• It is important to understand and comprehend fully the steps, procedures, practices and processes. • Best practice, fairness and seeking continuous advice are essential• Students should be introduced to the concept of a.s.a.p. in their academic career as a fundamental policy.
• Vocabulary: responsible, accountable, procedures, best practice, fairness, continuous advice, essential, fundamental, ownership, straightforward, ethical, honest, assertive, self-reliant, self-leadership, learning improving
• REDUCES : dishonesty, problems, cheating, defensiveness, policing, victimhood and plagiarism,
Why do students plagiarise (even when they know it’s wrong) ?
Irrelevant courses
Ignorance
Cultural differences
Poor learning environment
Poor time management
Improving marks
Beating the system
Why do students plagiarise (even when
they know that it’s wrong)?
Low self-esteem
• It is important at this stage to understand that PUNISHMENT is not necessarily the best way to deal with plagiarism.
• Develop a CULTURE of honesty and promote integrity rather than punish dishonesty.
• Educators, supervisors, professors, academics do NOT feel like policing students, catching them and punishing them.
Plagiarism from then to now has merely changed in the format
• Conventional• Copy by hand or on person from someone
else and submit as your own• Work on an assignment with others when
instructor asked for individual work• Copy or paraphrase from a book magazine
journal a few sentences without citation• From a friend or another student : obtain
or purchase a complete paper and submit it as your own
• Digital• Copy from instant messaging or e-mail
and submit as your own• Same but work online via email or instant
messaging, when instructor asked for individual work
• Paraphrase or copy form the internet a few sentences or papagraphs without citation
• From an internet website: obtain or purchase a complete paper and submit as your own
• Identifying plagiarism in student work
Turnitin
Spelling and phrases
Document style and
layout
Changes in writing style
Hard to find or out of
date sources
Failure to answer the
question
Identifying plagiarism in student work
More tools to improve your writing
• For students: www.writecheck.com • (improve your writing)
• For researchers and publishers: www.ithenticate.com • protect your reputation,• avoid costly retractions, • prevent copyright infringement, • fair use
• For admission professionals : http://www.turnitinadmissions.com (Verifies :
– Admissions essays– Personal statements– Residency statements– Application question responses– Scholarship essays
• For educational resources : http://plagiarism.org• Plagiarism 101, citing sources, Ask the experts, • resources, websites, webcasts, news, facts, stats,
Reducing plagiarism through self assessment
Let the process be assessed
Expect constructive
feedback
Encourage peer reviewUse technology
Assessment tactics change
Make research personal
Think for yourself
Reducing plagiarism through self assessment
Nurture AI and AH
COMMITMENT all the time
Goals: students should focus on developing competence
• Engage : in own interests and passions• Elaborate : make connections b/w learning and the
world outside• Emphasize : focus on self-referenced efforts, learning
and improvement• Empower : develop a sense of control over your product• Evaluate : expect personalized and private assessment
from your supervisor
• TAKE OWNERSHIP
Bloom’s taxonomy of learning• 3 DOMAINS of learning
– Cognitive : mental skills (knowledge)– Affective ; emotional skills ( attitude or self)– Psychomotor (manual or physical (skills)
(Bloom, 1956)
A quick guide to referencing
Paraphrasing
Why referencin
g is so important
Building a complete reference
Patchworking sources
• Using electronic resources appropriately
Relevant search terms
Appropriate use of search
engines
What about images
WikipediaDatabases
Electronic journals
Evaluate all sources
Turnitin assessment measures
UCT US WITS Oxford Stanford Purdue Lafayette,Indiana
Guide to committees of assessors
No documents on Plagiarism available for outside staff and students
It is your responsibility to familiarise yourself with all guidelines on plagiarism. The Department practices a no-tolerance approach to plagiarism. Any evidence of plagiarism will be dealt with by disciplinary measures that may result in the expulsion of the student from the course as well as the university. "Academic Good Practice" (Through the office of the ombud) Research and Citation
Plagiarism in postgraduate research courses: A guide to examining bodies
One very formal policy document, no explanation to students
Why does plagiarism matter? What Is Plagiarism?
Using Research
Avoiding plagiarism: a guide for staff members
Why should you avoid plagiarism?
The definitions and rules on plagiarism can be difficult to ascertain, especially when taking into consideration factors such as your audience or environment. To that end, on May 22, 2003, the Board on Judicial Affairs adopted the following statement:
Writing with Statistics
Avoiding plagiarism: a guide for students
What to avoidStrategies for Fair Use
Senate Policy on Referencing Conventions and Declaration Regarding Plagiarism
What happens if you are suspected of plagiarism?
For purposes of the Stanford University Honor Code, plagiarism is defined as the use, without giving reasonable and appropriate credit to or acknowledging the author or source, of another person's original work, whether such work is made up of code, formulas, ideas, language, research, strategies, writing or other form(s).
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Proposal to Amend the Standard Plagiarism Declaration
Does this mean that I shouldn’t use the work of other authors?
Paraphrase Exercises
Does every statement in my essay have to be backed up with references?
In considering the subject of plagiarism for purposes of Stanford's Honor Code, it is also imperative to consult the Intent/Reasonable Person Standard. Documenting Electronic Sources
Does this only matter in exams? Avoiding Plagiarism
Unintentional plagiarismIt is also important to note, when in doubt about whether something is or is not plagiarism, a general rule would be to ask the faculty member in charge. Overview
Plagiarism Quiz Is It Plagiarism?Sources on Plagiarism Safe Practices
Bedford/St. Martins: “Strategies for Teaching with Online Tools – Plagiarism” Plagiarism Exercise
Council of Writing Program Administrators: “Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices” Best Practices for Teachers
Dartmouth College: “Sources: Their Use and Acknowledgement”
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Georgetown University: “What is Plagiarism?” Formatting in Sociology (ASA Style)
Northwestern University: “How to Avoid Plagiarism”
Resources for Documenting Sources in the Disciplines
Purdue University Online Writing Website: “Avoiding Plagiarism” Citation Style Chart
University of California, Davis: “Avoiding Plagiarism: Mastering the Art of Scholarship”
Plagiarism in Computer Science
Stanford's Department of Computer Science utilizes MOSS (Measure Of Software Similarity), among other things, to detect software plagiarism.
The Honor Code statement of Stanford's Dept. of Computer Science
Conclusions:
• We want to avoid academic misconduct at all costs. How can we achieve that?
• Have CLEAR guidelines visible and UNDERSTAND them completely.• Ask if anything is unclear.• Reinforce by several and regular statements about self-respect
and honour• Emphasize honesty in general and academic honesty in particular• It is not about busting, policing and punishing at all.• Be willing to sign an honour code or academic integrity pledge• Understand the meaning and purpose of scholarship• Be ready to DEFEND your thesis orally and answer tricky
questions about the content