Download - Respiration
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RESPIRATION (RESPIRASI)
Subtopic (Subtopik) :
1. The respiratory process in energy production (Proses respirasi dalam penghasilan tenaga) 2. The respiratory structure and breathing mechanisms in humans and animals (Struktur respirasi dan mekanisme pernafasan dalam manusia dan haiwan)
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Do you know that your body is like a rechargeable
battery?
This is because when your body weak (uncharged battery), you need to eat
(recharge battery) to get energy.
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In this section, (Dalam bahagian ini) :
1. What is respiration? (Apakah respirasi ?)2. What is the main substrate that involved in energy
production? (Apakah substrat utama yang terlibat dalam penghasilan tenaga)
3. What is ATP? Why is it important? (Apakah ATP? Mengapa ATP penting?)
4. What are Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration? (Apakah respirasi aerob dan anaerob?)
1. The respiratory process in energy production (Proses respirasi dalam penghasilan tenaga)
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The respiratory process in energy process
(Proses respirasi dalam penghasilan tenaga)
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What is respiration? (Apakah respirasi ?)
RESPIRATION (Respirasi)
is (ialah)
Proses obtaining (Proses pemerolehan)
O2
and (dan)
O2 Delivers to
(diangkut ke)
CO2
and (dan)
Remove from(disingkirkan
dari)
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RESPIRATION (Respirasi) occur in 2 stage (berlaku dalam 2 peringkat)
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION(Respirasi luar)
between (antara)
INTERNAL RESPIRATION/ CELLULAR RESPIRATION(Respirasi luar)Process exchange of
gases (Proses pertukaran gas)
respiratory surface of organism (Permukaan
respirasi organisma)
with (dengan)Its environment
continuously (persekitarannya secara
berterusan)
Process oxidation & breakdown of glucose (Proses pengoksidaan dan
penguraian glukosa)
for (untuk)
produce energy (menghasilkan tenaga)
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External respiration (Respirasil luar)
Respiratory surface - SKIN
O2
CO2
environment
Lead to
Internal respiration /
Cellular respiration
( Respirasi dalam / Respirasi sel)
O2 +GLUCOSE (get from
food)
To produce energy used for cell
activities
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Is energy required for the following processes?
Muscle contraction for movement?
Active transport of substances?
Digestion of food?
Impulses transmission for response?
Cell division for growth?
Keep body at constant temperature?
Excretion of waste products?
Meiosis for reproduction?
Mitosis for cell division?
Synthesis of proteins, hormones, lipids & enzymes?
Inhalation & exhalation for breathing?
All organisms require ENERGY to carry out all living processes!!!
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Aerobic respiration
(Respirasi aerob)
MAIN SUBSTRATE
SUBSTRAT UTAMA
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Cellular respiration (Respirasi sel)
Aerobic respiration
(Respirasi aerob)
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
ENERGY
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WHAT NEED YOU
KNOW ?
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sfat Oxidation of glucose
(Pengoksidaan glukosa)
Adenosine triphosphate
(Adenosina trifosfat)
Phosphate bond which can easily broken
(Ikatan fosfat yang boleh diputuskan dengan mudah)
P
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ATP in Action
A P P P ProcessI NEED ENERGY PLEASE!
Woohoo! I’m Energized!
ATP, the energy “currency” of the cell
ADP
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P
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WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT,
Oxidation of glucose
Uses of energy
Syntesis of ATP
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION(Respirasi anaerob)
LETS WE TAKE A LOOK WHAT HAPPEN WITH MUSCLE CELL AFTER PROLONGED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (Mari kita lihat apa yang berlaku kepada sel otot selepas
aktiviti kecergasan)
Anaerobic respiration
(Respirasi anaerob)What is anaerobic
respiration? (Apakah respirasi anaerob)
Process of oxidation of glucose to produce energy in the absance of oxygen.
(Proses pengoksidaan glukosa untuk menghasilkan tenaga dalam ketiadaan oksigen)
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Rate of respiration increase(Kadar
pernafasan meningkat)
Rate of heartbeat increase
(Kadar denyutan jantung
meningkat)
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38 ATP
2 ATP
Without using oxygen
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Ethanol Carbon dioxide
ENERGY
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The respiratory structure and breathing mechanisms in humans
and animals (Struktur respirasi dan mekanisme pernafasan
dalam manusia dan haiwan)
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2. The respiratory structure and breathing mechanisms in humans and animals (Struktur respirasi dan mekanisme pernafasan dalam manusia dan haiwan)
In this section, (Dalam bahagian ini) :
1. What is respiratory structure? (Apakah struktur respirasi ?)
2. What is the relationship between surface area per volume ratio of organism with their gas exchange? (Apakah perkaitan antara luas permukaan per isipadu dengan proses pertukaran gas)
3. What are respiratory structure and breathing mechanism of insects, amphibian, fish and human? (Apakah struktur respirasi dan mekanisma pernafasan dalam serangga, amfibia, ikan dan manusia)
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What is gaseous exchange process? Where exchanges of respiratory gases occur? (Apakah proses pertukaran gas? Di
manakah pertukaran gas respirasi berlaku)
In respiratory surface (Dalam struktur respirasi)
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Diffusion (Resapan)
Thin surface layer of
respiratory structure
Large surface area
for respiratory structure
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Entire plasma membrane (Seluruh membran
plasma)
Large surface area compared
to volume of their body
Moist plasma membrane ( Membran
plasma yang lembap)
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Surface area available for gaseous exchange per unit volume of
organisms.
Before we learnt about surface area per volume ratio, lets we know what
is surface area per volume ratio.
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Relationship between surface area per volume (SA /V) ratio of organisms with their gas
exchange process (Perkaitan antara luas permukaan per isipadu dengan proses pertukaran gas)
large
besar
Small organisms have large surface area available for gaseous exchange per unit volume of
organisms.
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Large organisms have small
surface area available for
gaseous exchange per unit volume of
organisms.
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ACTIVITY 3Small cube represent small organisms. Given that X = 1 cm. (Kiub kecil mewakili organisma kecil. Diberi X = 1
cm)
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RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE AND BREATHING MECHANISM OF INSECTS
(Sistem dan struktur respirasi serangga)
Tracheae (Trakea)
Finer tube, tracheoles
(Cabang halus
trakeol)
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WHAT ARE RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE IN INSECTS ?
(Apakah struktur respirasi bagi serangga)
WHAT IS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN INSECT? (Apakah sistem
respirasi bagi serangga)
TRACHEAL SYSTEM
1. SPIRACLE2. TRACHEAE
3. TRACHEOLES
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Characteristics of tracheoles ( Ciri – ciri trakeol)
Finer tube, tracheoles
(Cabang halus
trakeol)
Thin wall, permeable, moist and contains fluid
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BREATHING MECHANISM OF INSECTS
Spiracle valve open ( Injap spirakel
terbuka)
Abdominal muscle contract (Otot abdomen
mengecut)Volume of abdomen
decrease (Isipadu abdomen
berkurang)
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MUSCLE RELAX (OTOT MENGENDUR)
MUSCLE CONTRACT
(OTOT MENGECUT)
1. SPIRACLE
OPEN
2. VOLUME
3. PRESSURE INSIDE
4. PRESSURE OUTSIDE
1. SPIRACLE
CLOSE2. VOLUME
3. PRESSURE INSIDE
4. PRESSURE OUTSIDE
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Water carry high
amount of OXYGEN
Blood carry high amount of carbon
dioxide
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Mouth
Buccal cavity
Operculum
Volume and pressure
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Gas exchange for frog occurs at (Pertukaran gas bagi katak berlaku di)
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Gas exchange for frog occurs at (Pertukaran gas bagi katak berlaku di)
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FIRST STAGE (PERINGKAT PERTAMA)
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SECOND STAGE (PERINGKAT
KEDUA)
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THIRD STAGE (PERINGKAT KETIGA)
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HUMAN RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE
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LUNGS (Peparu)
Mouth cavity (Rongga mulut)
Trachea (Trakea)
Bronchiole (Bronkiol)
Intercostal muscle
(Otot interkosta
Diaphragm(Diafragma)
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Location of external
intercostal muscles and
internal intercostal
muscle
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ALVEOLI
Numerous of alveoli
(Alveoli yang banyak)
Moist epithelial cell of alveoli
(Cell epithelial alveoli yang
lembap)
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HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM
Rib cage move
upwards and
outwards.
Diaphragm contracts and
flatten. (Diafragma
mengecut dan meleper)
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HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM
External intercostal
muscle relax, internal
intercostal muscle
contract.
Volume of thoracic cavity
decrease and
pressure increase.
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COMPARISON BETWEEN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WITH THOSE OTHER
ORGANISMSProtozoa Insects Fish Amphibian Human
Habitat Water Dry land Water Water and dry land
Dry land
Respiratory system/ structure
Entire plasma membrane
Tracheal system
Gill Skin and lungs
Lungs
Protozoa Insects Fish Amphibian Human
High SA/V ratio achieved by….
Large surface area compares to volume
Extensive network of tracheoles
Have gill filament and numerous gill lamella
Moist, thin and highly permeable skin.
Numerous alveoli for efficient gas exchange.
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Protozoa Insects Fish Amphibian Human
Respiratory surface ( for gaseous exchange)
Entire thin and moist plasma membrane
Thin tracheoles with fluid at the ends.
Gill filaments and gill lamella
Thin and moist skin and lungs
Numerous alveoli
Respiratory mechanisms
None Abdominal muscles compress and relax to ventilate the tracheal system.
Movement of buccal cavity and operculum
Inhalation and exhalation
Inhalation and exhalation
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Protozoa Insects Fish Amphibian Human
Passage of respiratory gases
Water
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Spiracle
Tracheae
Tracheoles
Body cell
Mouth
Buccal cavity
Gill filament
Lamella
Operculum
Nostril
Mouth cavity
Glottis
Lungs
Nostril
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveolus
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THE END~ THANK YOU FOR YOUR
COOPERATION ~