![Page 1: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an integrated geochemical approach
!"#$%&##&''($)*+,*($-.*/*($-*0&"'*$12345"67$+&634,&5$8$9:;&6$+&,<64;7$=#;&>6:;&2$+<5;:4#:?4'4;7$@"#5<';:#;5$A;2*$
![Page 2: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background
•! Hydrochemical assessment completed to determine source/cause of high salinity and GR-C potential
•! Constraints on disposal into basal McMurray leading to requirement for new disposal options
•! High salinity zone in Grand Rapids C identified
•! Concern regarding potential connectivity to deeper saline zones (e.g. Devonian)
![Page 3: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stratigraphy
0':,4:'$264B$
+;<27$:6&:$
264B$
+;<27$
![Page 4: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Buried channels
!"#$%&'#(()*%
+',"-.(#%&'#(()*%
/",01%&'#(()*%
23$,&)4%%5(6,"#-')7%899:%
/",01%&'#(()*%
![Page 5: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Topographic controls
C4>.':#25$ ;;%
/43&6>&#;$
@"#3&6>&#;$
;%;%@"#3&6>&#;$
/43&6>&#;$/43&6>&#;$
@"#3&6>&#;$@"#3&6>&#;$
@"#3&6>&#;$@"#3&6>&#;$
23$,&)-4%%<#,-3(%)=%#*>%899?%
@"#3&6>&#;$
23$,&)4%%5(6,"#-')7%899:%
![Page 6: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pressure vs. Depth
•! Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places)
•! Grand Rapids (and McMurray) in under-pressured state
•! Some separation evident between Grand Rapids and McMurray evident
23$,&)4%%<#,-3(%)=%#*>%899?%
![Page 7: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Connections & traps
/"D#D:62$
>6:24&#;$
/"D#D:62$>6:24&#;$
=#E&66&2$.726"27#:F4,$
;6:G$
![Page 8: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Study area
11-33
14-28
08-21 08-21
06-21
@$#=),(#,1%
A,#(6%B#C"6-%5%
A,#(6%B#C"6-%<%
A,#(6%B#C"6-%+%D&D$,,#1%
02-34
![Page 9: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
•! TDS can vary by several 1000s of mg/L within a lease area: spatial heterogeneity characteristic of karst hydrogeology
•! High TDS values indicative of upward vertical groundwater flow into the McMurray from deeper Devonian
Suspicions of source Cowie et al. 2014
![Page 10: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The approach to resolution
• Sample collection from Grand Rapids (A,B,C intervals), McMurray, and Quaternary via pumping, swabbing, and bailing
o field monitoring to determine sample stability
![Page 11: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The approach to resolution
• Analysis for major ions, trace elements, and selected stable & radiogenic isotopes (18O, 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C)
• Rigorous QA/QC of data to ensure integrity Tolerances: pH tolerance: 6 to 9 standard units Ion balance: ±5% TDS ratio (meas. vs. calc): 1.0 to 1.2 * TDS/EC: 0.55 to 0.7 Tritium: <1 TU
![Page 12: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydrochemical types
![Page 13: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sodium vs. Chloride
!"#$%&
!'#$"&
"!#!(&
""#%%&
!&
"!!&
$!!&
%!!&
(!!&
)!!&
*!!&
+!!&
!& "!!& $!!& %!!& (!!& )!!& *!!& +!!&
!"#$%&'
()*+
(,-./)
0$'&1+)*+(,-./)
,-./&
01#2&
01#3&
01#4&
565&
"7"&89:;&
<;.=./;>&89:;&
!"#$%&!"#$%&
!'#$"&!'#$"&!'#$"&!'#$"&
"!#!(&"!#!(&"!#!(&
""#%%&""#%%&""#%%&
@.'"642&$&H,&55$
![Page 14: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sulphate vs. Chloride
!"#$%&!'#$"&
"!#!(&""#%%&
"!&
"!!&
"!!!&
!)!"& !)"& "& "!&
!"#$%&'
()*+
(,-./)
01#2"34()*+(,-./)
*+,-&
./#0&
./#1&
./#2&
343&
567&
C726",.&F
4,:'$5&G:6:I
"#$
"!#!(&"!#!(&""#%%&""#%%&
![Page 15: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Strontium vs. TDS
!"#$%&
!'#$"&
"!#!(&
""#%%&
!)"&
"&
"!&
"!!&
"!!& "!!!& "!!!!& "!!!!!&
!"#$%&
'()*(
+,-.)
/0!)*(+,-.)
*+,-&
./#0&
./#1&
./#2&
343&
567&
!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&
!'#$"&!'#$"&
"!#!(&"!#!(&"!#!(&
""#%%&""#%%&
![Page 16: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cl:Br vs. Chloride
!"#$%&
!'#$"&
"!#!(&
""#%%&
!&
)!!&
"!!!&
")!!&
$!!!&
$)!!&
%!!!&
%)!!&
(!!!&
"!& "!!& "!!!& "!!!!&
!"#$%&%'(
)&
!*")%+,-&./-0123&
*+,-&
./#0&
./#1&
./#2&
343&
567&
+&:D:;&6$6:I"$
!"#$%&!"#$%&!"#$%&
!'#$"&!'#$"&!'#$"&
"!#!(&"!#!(&"!#!(&
""#%%&""#%%&""#%%&""#%%&""#%%&
C726",.&F4,:'$5&G:6:I"#$
+&:D:;&6$6:I"$+&:D:;&6$6:I"$+&:D:;&6$6:I"$+&:D:;&6$6:I"$
C726",.&F4,:'C726",.&F4,:'C726",.&F4,:'C726",.&F4,:'5&G:6:I"#$5&G:6:I"#$5&G:6:I"#$5&G:6:I"#$
+&:D:;&6$6:I"$+&:D:;&6$6:I"$+&:D:;&6$6:I"$
C726",.&F4,:'C726",.&F4,:'C726",.&F4,:'5&G:6:I"#$5&G:6:I"#$5&G:6:I"#$
![Page 17: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Stable O and H isotopes
!"#$%&
"!#!'&
!(#$"&
""#%%&
#")!&
#"*!&
#"'!&
#"%!&
#"$!&
#$!+!& #",+!& #"(+!& #"-+!& #")+!& #"*+!& #"'+!&
!"#$$%&$#
"'$()
*+$
!,-'$%&$#"'$()*+$
2013 SW samples
2012 Quat samples
2014 Quat samples
2012 GR samples
2014 GR samples
2014/15 GR high Salinity
2014 McM samples
GMWL (Rozanski et al. 1993)
AEMWL (Lemay 2002)
HFFWL (Hitchon Friedman (1969)
Linear (2014 GR samples)
@6&;:,&"<5$54>#:;<6&$
-"5;J>':,4:'$K$>':,4">,$F4H$
A*#&"#*%E)*=F#=),%
#")!&#$!+!&A*#&"#*%
E)*=F#=),
L2F"#;"#$G6&,4G*$M:3>*N$$
""#%%&
54>#:;<6&$
![Page 18: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbon-14 age dating
%%
%%
%% %%OOJPP$
OQJQR$
QSJTO$
QOJTP$%%
%%%%
%%
%%
%%
%%
![Page 19: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
!"#"$%"!#&'%
()*+,--%
./0012344,%
#!%
#"56%
"%
"56%
!%
"% 6"""% !""""% !6"""% &""""% &6"""%
!"# $%&&&'(
)&*+,$-&
$.%/0123&'4567-&
Chlorine-37
()*+,--%()*+,--%
U7G4,:'$5&:D:;&6$
/4V<54"#:'$&V&,;5$
L3:G"6:I3&$&V&,;5$"6$5:';$2455"'<I"#$$
![Page 20: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
!"#"$%"!#&'%
!(#")%
"(#'!%
#'"%
#&"%
#!"%
"%
!"%
&"%
'"%
"% )"""% !""""% !)"""% &""""% &)"""% '""""% ')"""% $""""%
!"#$%
& '$()$*+'$,-
./$
0*1$,2345/$
DIC characteristics
U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$@WTM>NJC@WPM:XN$
!(#")%!(#")%!(#")%!(#")%
"(#'!%"(#'!%"(#'!%"(#'!%"(#'!%"(#'!%
!"#"$%!"#"$%!"#"$%"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%
![Page 21: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DOC characteristics
!"#"$%
"!#&'%
!(#")%
"(#'!%
#("*"%
#)"*"%
#$"*"%
#'"*"%
#&"*"%
#!"*"%
"*"%
"% !% !"% !""% !"""%
!"#$%
& '$()$*+'$,-
./$
*+'$,0123/$
U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$
!"#"$%!"#"$%
"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%"!#&'%
U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$
!(#")%!(#")%!(#")%
U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$U7G4,:'$6:#>&$E"6$"6>:#4,$,:6?"#$
![Page 22: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Summary
• High salinity Grand Rapids C waters show strong hydrochemical separation from Devonian, McMurray, Grand Rapids A and B, and Quaternary
• Meteoric water influences appear responsible for the lower TDS in Grand Rapids C
• near edges of buried channels • glaciogenic and Cretaceous water influences
• Geochemical setting is consistent with presence of a hydrodynamic trap (or stagnation zone) due to confining pressure effects
![Page 23: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Summary
Disposal into Grand Rapids C
appears to be a safe solution to deceasing potential in basal
McMurray
![Page 24: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Some final thoughts
• Complexities do exist in nature, and can present challenges for interpretation of natural systems
• Limited information leads to limited understanding • Employing a multidisciplinary approach (geophysics;
geology; hydraulics and flow; geochemistry) and forensic analysis will help ensure the most correct result
![Page 25: Resolving complex hydrogeological settings using an ... · Pressure vs. Depth •!Colorado and Joli Fou acting as good aquitards for Grand Rapids (in most places) •!Grand Rapids](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050600/5fa7c693ca34a51945132c77/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank you
jon.fennell@integrated sustainability.ca
587-891-5831