Download - Repurposing, and Content Migration
Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
209 The How and
Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration
eLearning GuildAnnual Gathering 2009Robby RobsonDamon Regan
Page 1Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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TopicsTell Me WhyTell Me Why
New Challenge: Content lifecycle managementOld Standard: SCORM (and what it really does)
Show Me HowShow Me HowNew Paradigm: Renewable CoursewareOld Tricks: Designing to LastDog & Pony: Demo using tools
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Page 3Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
Point
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Some things change fast
Year
19801987199420012008
What was sold
HardwareSoftware*Software** AdvertisingServices
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Technology infrastructure
MainframesWorkstationsLocal Area NetworksInternet (TCP/IP)Web
* Perpetual license ** Subscriptions / maintenance contracts
The entireInternet in 1970
The entireInternet in 1970
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And other more slowly
Year
187019402010
Learning resource
BooksTeachersGoogle
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Learning infrastructure
LibrariesClassroomsThe Web
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And when we get right down to it…
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Content is Still King
2005 2006 2007
Content $3 Billion
$4 Billion
$5 Billion
Infra‐structure
$600 Million
$750 Million
$930 Million
Services $2 Billion
$3 Billion
$4 Billion
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U. S . Corporate eLearning Revenue ($M) – IDC, 2006
Survey research on e-learning in Asian Countries- Fiscal year 2002, Country specific report - Singapore.
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But … Content is not constant
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How Content Evolves (Dan Young)
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March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research MethodologySurvey Data
24 companiesTwo year maintenance period339 Courses
16 types of maintenance activities3 measures
Companies engaged in activity during a two‐year periodCourses affected out of entire poolIf a company engaged in a given activity, what percentage of their courseware was affected
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Changes in Pedagogy
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More than 1/3 of companies affectedMore than 1/3 of companies affected
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Changes in Technical Requirements
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More than 1/3 of companies affectedMore than 1/3 of companies affected
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Standards Requirements
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More than 1/3 of companies affectedMore than 1/3 of companies affected
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Bottom line
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Not counting plain updates to the text or graphics (“content updates”) 72% of courses needed maintenance over a two‐year period.
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Page 16Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
So a practical place to focusIs on making content more maintainable
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Which is one advantage of SCORM
Uploaded to Flickr on February 15, 2009 by cliff1066
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Understanding SCORM
18Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Understanding SCORM
19Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
A little differently …
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This is a PowerPoint Deck
20Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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It comes in a Package
21Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
With a list of slides and sub‐objects
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That are Sequenced
23Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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That can easily be rearranged
24Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Easily Re‐branded all at once
25Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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And Shared at every level
Package level: share the deckPage level: share a slideAsset level: copy and paste from a slide
Assets can be cut and pasted
Assets can be cut and pasted
26Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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With “previous” and “next”
provided by a standardized player
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THE CONTENT PLAYER
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
(And even has metadata)
(That few fill out and is often wrong)(Which as another topic)
28Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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SCORM = PPT for Learning
Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 29
LMS = THE CONTENT PLAYER
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SCORM = PPT for Learning
PowerPoint
Slide DeckSlideImage, text box etc.Order of slidesPrevious and nextDesign (theme)PPT as player (Not part of PPT)(Not part of PPT)
SCORM
PackagePage (in most content)AssetSequencingSequencing (runtime)Theme (not part of SCORM)LMSObjectives & resultsRetrieval of learner data
30Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
SCORM = PPT for Learning
PPT = PRESENTATION
Uses GraphicsUses SoundsWindows basedLinear Sequencing
SCORM = INSTRUCTION
Uses GraphicsUses SoundsWeb basedAdaptive SequencingObjectivesCompletion ReportingSatisfaction ReportingProgress Reporting
With Instructional Elements
Page 31Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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SCORM = PPT for Learning(With Open Specifications)PowerPoint
MicrosoftFree PowerPoint Viewer
Purchase development tool from Microsoft. Only one tool exists.
Open source alternatives (Open Office)
SCORM
ADL CommunityFree Sample Run‐Time Environment / Test TrackPurchase LMS and Authoring Tools from many vendors
Open source tools (e.g. RELOAD) and LMS (e.g. Moodle)
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Page 33Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
Which brings us to
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
A FRAMEWORK FOR CONTENT LIFECYCLE MAINTAINANCE
(Work supported by the National Science Foundation)
See also: Reusability and Reusable Design. Chapter in Second Edition of Trends and Issues in Instructional Design edited by John V. Dempsey and Robert A. Reiser. Merill / Prentice‐Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
34Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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Page 35Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
And questions
that determine the (re)usability of eLearning content
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Four Questions About Content
36Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
May I use it?
Will it work?
Is it flexible?
Can I find it?
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Can I Find It?
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May I use it?
Will it work?
Is it flexible?
Can I find it?Metadata Cataloging, Search & Discovery
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May I Use It?
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May I use it?
Will it work?
Is it flexible?
Can I find it?
Rights
Right to use or modify
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Will it Work?
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May I use it?
Will it work?
Is it flexible?
Can I find it?
Interoperability
Platform & system compatibility
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Is it flexible?
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May I use it?
Will it work?
Is it flexible?
Can I find it?
Reusable Design
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Is it flexible?
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May I use it?
Will it work?
Is it flexible?
Can I find it?
SCORM focuses on these!
Suitability & ability to repurpose
Reusable Design
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Page 42Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
The basic idea is to
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Page 43Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
Separate different layers of eLearning content so that they may be changed independently.
In other words …11 March, 2009
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E‐LEARNING CONTENT IS LIKE AN ONION
(Not just because it makes grown people cry)
44Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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CONTENT IS AT THE CORE
CONTENTInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive stateThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey it
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THIS is content
11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
PRESENTATION IS ABOUT HOW THINGS LOOK
CONTENTThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey itInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive state
PRESENTATIONHow a resource is rendered and what visual and auditory elements will be used to render it
46Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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PRESENTATION CAN BE CHANGED WITHOUT CHANGING THE CONTENT (NOT ALWAYS WITH THE BEST RESULTS)
CONTENTTHE MEANINGCONVEYED BY A RESOURCE AND THE WORDS AND IMAGESUSED TO CONVEY ITINFORMATIONCONTAINED IN A RESOURCE THAT IS INTENDED TO AFFECT A CHANGE IN COGNITIVE STATE
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PRESENTATIONHOW A RESOURCE IS RENDERED AND WHAT VISUAL AND AUDITORY ELEMENTS WILL BE USED TO RENDER IT
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STRUCTURE IS ABOUT ORGANIZATION & NAVIGATION
CONTENTThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey itInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive state
PRESENTATIONHow a resource is rendered and what visual and auditory elements will be used to render it
STRUCTUREHow a digital learning resource is structured into smaller units, and how these are navigated or sequenced
48Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
STRUCTURE IS ABOUT ORGANIZATION & NAVIGATION
49Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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CONTEXT IS REQUIRED FOR UNDERSTANDING
CONTENTThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey itInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive state
PRESENTATIONHow a resource is rendered and what visual and auditory elements will be used to render it
STRUCTUREHow a digital learning resource is structured into smaller units, and how these are navigated or sequenced
CONTEXTLanguage, cultural knowledge, subject knowledge, relations to other learning resources and other factors needed to properly interpret a digital learning resource
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CONTEXT IS REQUIRED FOR UNDERSTANDING
51Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
52Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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PEDAGOGY IS ABOUT TEACHING & LEARNING
CONTENTThe meaning conveyed by a resource and the words and images used to convey itInformation contained in a resource that is intended to affect a change in cognitive state
PRESENTATIONHow a resource is rendered and what visual and auditory elements will be used to render it
STRUCTUREHow a digital learning resource is structured into smaller units, and how these are navigated or sequenced
CONTEXTLanguage, cultural knowledge, subject knowledge, relations to other learning resources and other factors needed to properly interpret a digital learning resource
PEDAGOGYHow e‐learning content is used as part of a learning strategy and incorporates an instructional design
53Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
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ExamplesCostly to maintainNavigation controls hard coded into contentLook, feel & branding hard coded into contentContent can only be maintained with one tool Content coded in a format flexible only for a browserAdaptive behavior is hard coded (or missing)Content cannot be searched
Designed for MaintenanceNavigation controls expressed using a standardLook, feel and branding can be changed independentlyContent can be maintained with readily available toolsContent can be published for multiple devicesContent is aware of learner information and can adaptContent is indexed for search & discovery
Page 54Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration 11 March, 2009
March 11 - 13, 2009Orlando, FL
Page Session 209 – The How and Why of Reuse, Repurposing, and Content Migration – Robby Robson, Eduworks Corporation
© Eduworks Corporation, 2009. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Page 55Reuse, SCORM & Content Migration
And if that made sense it is time for a demo
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CONTACT [email protected]@eduworks.com
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