Download - Renewable resources
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ELECTRIC POWER
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Major sources of Power generation
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Renewable Energy
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Major Renewable Energy Sources
Solar
GeothermalWaste to Energy
BiomassWind
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Solar Energy
That will be explained in the succeeding slide
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Technology
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Photovoltaic (PV)
It consists of – • Solar Collectors• Turbine• Generator & Transformer• Cooling Tower
It consists of –
•Solar Arrays• Inverter• Transformer
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Solar Power Plant
lightDecomposition of water2H2O 2H2 + O2
H2
Storage and
Transport Combustion2H2 + O2 2H2O
Waste Heat
Usablehigh-quality
energy
Water Vapor
The environment
Future Technology – Solar-Hydrogen Revolution
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Advantages and Disadvantages
All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!
Advantages Disadvantages
Sun does not shine consistently.
Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity
Addressed by approaching the problem through: 1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.
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State-wise Power Generation
MW
Year
Global growth of Solar Power
Global & India scenario
66.9%20.2%
2.2%1.5%
1.2% 8%
Installed Capacity (as of 2011) : 979.4 MW
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India’s Leading Players in Solar Technology
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Other Applications
Architecture & Urban Planning
Agriculture & Horticulture
Solar Lighting
Water Treatment
Cooking
Solar Vehicles
Solar Sewage Treatment
Solar Water Heating
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Biomass Energy
That will be explained in the succeeding slide
It is organic material made from plants and animals (microorganisms).
It contains stored energy from the sun.
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Process
FOR COMBUSTION:BIOMASS FUEL + OXYGEN HEAT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
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Technology
Drying Zone
Gas
Distillation ZoneReduction ZoneHearth Zone
Ash Zone
Feed
Air
The main products obtained from Biomass –• Methane Gas• Ethanol• Biodiesel
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Growth in Recent Times
Year
MW
India’s Potential (2012) : 25,000MW
22.24%
18.33%
8.75%8.2%
13.64%
13.71%15.13%
List of Commissioned Biomass Projects (as of 31.03.11)
Present Installed Capacity in India
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Interesting Facts
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Pros Cons
Positives & Not-so Positives
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Leading Players of Biomass Energy in India
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Geothermal Energy
That will be explained in the succeeding slide
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Technology
Average gradient:– 2.5 - 3.0oC /
100mVariation:
– 1.0 - 25oC / 100m
So if assuming average, temps at depth will be:
0 m 15°C
2000 m 70°C
4000 m 120°C
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Types of Geothermal Power Plants
Dry steam Binary steam Flash steam
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Interesting Facts about Geothermal Energy
The Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station is the largest geothermal power station in the world.
Geothermal production of energy is 3rd highest among renewable energies!
In Iceland, Geothermal Energy provides•86% of their space heating•16% of their electricity generation
Produces 5% of California’s electricity, heats thousands of homes, greenhouses, office buildings.
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Positives and Not-so Positives
Useful minerals, such as zinc and silica, can be extracted from underground water.
Geothermal plants can be online 90%-100% of the time.
Geothermal electric plants production in 13.380 g of Carbon dioxide per kWh
Geothermal plants do not require a lot of land, 400m2 can produce a gigawatt of energy over 30 years.
Brine can salinate soil
Extracting large amounts of water can cause land subsidence, and this can lead to an increase in seismic activity
Can release H2S, the “rotten eggs” gas.
There is the fear of noise pollution during the drilling of wells
Pros Cons
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Space Heating
Air ConditioningIndustrial Processes
Drying
Greenhouses
Aquaculture Hot water
Resorts and Pools
Melting Snow
Direct Uses of Geothermal Energy
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India Scenario
Indian geothermal provinces have the capacity to produce 10,600 MW
India's fist Geothermal power plant with an initial capacity of 25 Megawatts will be coming up in Andhra Pradesh's Khammam district by 2012.
Exploration of Himalayan provinces could yield enormous geothermal energy
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Major Players
Global Companies Indian Companies
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Waste to Energy
That will be explained in the succeeding slide
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Technology
Different Processes
Most WtE processes produce electricity directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels
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Future projects
East Delhi Municipal Corporation to build two plants at Ghazipur of 16 MW and a capacity of 46 lakh metric tonnes
Solar Bio Energy System commissioned its first Thermophillic Biomethanation plant in Solapur, Maharashtra of 4 MW and a capacity of 80 tonnes organic compost
Tihar Jail ties up with BARC to produce biogas and manure from biodegradable kitchen waste
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WtE in a nutshell
Segregated municipal solid waste is generally not available at the plant site
Lack of financial resources with Municipal Corporations/Urban Local Bodies
Lack of conducive policy guidelines from State Governments in respect of allotment of land, supply of garbage and power purchase / evacuation facilities
The majority of waste that would normally go into landfill sites can be re-usedThe fuel is obtainable cheaply
Reliable source of fuel
WtE facilities are expensive
Advantages
Disadvantages
The public at large is still unconvinced that WtE is free from harmful chemicals
On average, one ton of waste produces 525 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity
Each year the average family throws away 1.5 tons of rubbish
The efficiency of a waste-to-energy plant is 20 - 30 %.
Interesting Facts
Thousands of ton of Metal can be recovered from the ash by recycling
Commercial Aspects
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Present Installed Capacity in India
Total Capacity (2011) : 1683 MW
176 MW
151 MW
148 MW131 MW
123 MW
112 MW
78 MW73 MW
62 MW 191MW
It’s a new concept in the country
Commercial technologies are required to be imported
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Leading Companies in India
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Wind Energy
That will be explained in the succeeding slide
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Tower
Rotor Hub
Nacelle
Rotor Blade
Technology
Rotor Hub
Low-speed shaft
GearboxHigh-speed shaft
Brake Brake Generator
Transformer
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Techno-Commercial Aspects
Energy Pay Back Time!
Very short time. Just3-8 months,According to American Wind Energy Association
Positives
-Clean-Renewable
Not-so Positives- Always can’t run at 100 %- Can be Noisy- Back up power might be required.
Types
1. Wind farms-• Onshore• Offshore
2. Blades –• HAWT• VAWT
Cost per MW
4.5-5.25 Cr.
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Wind Power growth in India
Tamil Nadu6007 MW
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh
Estimated Potential (MNRE) : 50,000 MW for 2011
# Figures as of 31 March, 2011
Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_India
16,084
Win
d Po
wer
Cap
acity
(MW
)
Year
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Leading Players in Wind Power Technology
SUZLON’s market share in India is approximately 50%
12.7 %
8 %
7.8 %7.7 %
7.6 %
7.4 %
6.3 %
3.6 %
21.2 %
9 %
8.7 %
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Government Policies
Courtesy : http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/win/policies.html
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India's power sector
Problems
66 %
12 %3 %
19 %
Present Installed Capacity (as of Sept’12)
Total : 207850 MW
Avg per Capita consumption (2009) : 288KWh
Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India#Demand
India needs to add about 135 GW before 2017, to satisfy the projected demand
Some Important facts
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A Short Video on the future of Renewable Energy
Future of Renewable Energy
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THANK YOU
A Presentation by-
Alok GuptaGaurav GautamHimanshu KashyapNimit KaushikSethuraman Arvind Iyer