1. Thriving CitiesTrade from Crusades created a large
merchant classDisease killed 60%-few survivors-
demanded high wages2. Wealthy Merchant Class
Italy-city states-run own city-stateMerchants dominated politics
3. Classical HeritageMiddle ages-no educationNear Roman remains-Art
Why Italy?
City States
CosimoDe Medici
LorenzoDe Medici
Richest
Grandson
Milan northernmost – crossroads of main trade routes Visconti family controls until 1447
Venice main link to Asian ports (international power) controls salt trade 1st bank
Florence north-central area de Medici family controls (1434) Ruled through appearance of a government Supported the arts of the time
Study of classical texts that focused on human and intellectual achievements
History, literature, philosophies=HUMANITIES
RENAISSANCE MANGood at everything…charming,
witty, educated, dance, sing
Humanism
Revolutionizes ArtRealistic drawings of cities/peopleNew techniques
-perspective-3 D Statues1. Leonardo-sculpter, painter2. Raphael
GutenbergEffects of Printing Press
1. produce hundreds of copies and circulate2. books are now cheaper3. Year 1500 250 cities 9mil-10mil4. First religious books then all types
Printing Press
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+stuff+works+printing+press&view=detail&mid=18A0A4949E5B15D2BC5A18A0A4949E5B15D2BC5A&first=0&adlt=strict
Catholic Church becoming corruptde Medici became pope (Pope Leo)Popes too busy pursuing worldly affairsnot meeting spiritual needsLower clergy involved in marriage, gambling,
drinking
Religious Reformation
monk and professor at Univ. of WittenbergDidn’t want to lead a religious revolutionsalvation through faith alonecondemned selling of indulgences
Basically was leading people to think that they could buy their way into heaven
in 1517, posted his Ninety-five Thesis to the church door in Wittenburg. Many more printed and distributed
Martin Luther
In 1520, Luther called for overthrow of Church
-wanted to keep only two sacraments -baptism and Communion
-clergy could marry
In 1521, he is excommunicated (kicked out of church)
-Called to appear before court in city of Worms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5P7QkHCfaI
*Edict of Worms made him an outlaw-Books and writings are burned, Luther to face
prosecution-His local ruler protected him in his castle
religious movement called Lutheranism Some German princes supported the pope and the
Catholic church Some German princes decided to protest against
the Catholic church…..became known as Protestants
Christians belonging to non Catholic churches