Download - Remote sensing GIS and public policy
GIS – How it portrayed
GIS – The
opportunities
Six Commandants of GIS Use Thou shalt not think ‘too technical - its not for me’.
Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary GIS database.
Thou shalt not use any database without understanding its precision and origin.
Thou shalt think spatially to get a better understanding of reality.
Thou shalt take it as an excellent tool for decision making.
Thou shalt believe in data sharing.
Content What is GIS
Components of GIS
Applications of GIS
GIS for EIA
GIS for Social Sciences
GIS for Natural Resource Management
GIS for Disaster Risk Reduction
Participatory GIS (PGIS)
GIS for Decision Support and Public Policy
What is GIS? “A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating,
manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth. This is normally considered to involve a spatially referenced computer database and appropriate applications software”.
A Technology - hardware & software tools
A Strategy - for information handling
The Objective: to improve overall decision making
Manipulate spatially Calculate distances and adjacencies Change projections and scales Integrate disparate sources
Analyse spatially Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis
Visualise data Maps! Tables, graphs, etc. Animations Virtual landscapes
What is GIS?
Components of GIS
Components of GIS: Data Data on different themes are stored in separate layers
As each layer is geo-referenced, layers from different sources can easily be integrated using location
This can be used to build up complex models of the real world from widely disparate sources
VE
CT
OR
Applications of GIS Hydrology - study and management of water resources
Crime mapping - identify crime hot spots, along with other trends and patterns
Transportation engineering –plan and optimized routing
Impact Analysis – understand and assess impact of certain activity
Health – understand the spread of certain (vector borne) diseases and possible reasons and planning of measures
Insurance –understanding the risks
Social – mapping hunger, malnutrition
Public policy – planning for the future, policy rethinking
GIS for EIABP oil spill, Gulf of Mexico
April 2010
Se
pt
20
13
GIS for EIA: OCP and LULC
Change
Jun
e 2
00
8M
ay
20
07
GIS for Social SciencesAccessibility to basic amenities and planning for better services
GIS for Social SciencesGender Inequality Index (GII)
Main indicators
Economic participation and opportunity
Educational attainment
Political empowerment
Health and survival
GIS for Natural Resource
ManagementSite suitability analysis for afforestation/reforestation programme under CDM-F
Forest boundary layer
Forest density
Climatic condition
Elevation model
Native species
GIS for Natural Resource
ManagementEstimation of forest vigour/ density in treated areas for evaluation
Low HighVegetation index
GIS for Disaster Risk
ReductionFlood hazard mapping for DRR
Required
3D elevation model
Drainage network
LULC
Population data
……
GIS for Disaster Risk
ReductionHazard map for lava flow based on numerous simulations of lava flow paths, different potential vents, eruptive history, 3D model etc.
GIS for Disaster Risk
ReductionMulti-hazard: Fukushima (Tsunami and radiation)
GIS for Disaster Risk
ReductionSeismic hazard, historical earthquakes and nuclear reactor power plants in USA
Participatory GIS (PGIS)
Facilitating participation of communities/individuals could be used to fill the gap between people and institutions and promote equitable development.
Despite the growing popularity of Google Earth and other low-cost or free applications, there is still a clear divide between the GIS haves and have-nots.
PGIS can be used as a bridge to capture individuals’ or groups’ perceptions of local issues and development efforts.
Spectrum of GIS for Public
Policy Influencing Policy & Legislation
Changing Organizational Practices
Fostering Coalitions & Networks
Educating Providers
Promoting Community Education
Strengthening Individual Knowledge & Skills
GIS for Policy Makers
The prerequisites are …
NONE!
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy GIS is still treated as a specialized tool rather than an
easy way to understand real world and take decisions.
Public policies related to many crucial national issues, such as climate change, immigration, health, civil rights and racism, transportation, energy, natural resources, social justice, environment etc. could be well understood and formulated using GIS support.
However, these require a properly functional National Spatial Data Infrastructure portal with access to Open Government Data.
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Mainstreaming
of extremists
GIS for Decision Support and
Public PolicyMainstreaming of left extremists
Is development the solution?
What are the issues?
What are the locations?
How these issues could be addressed?
Which govt. programmes are needed to be prioritized?
How the implementation process could be monitored?
How the programme could be evaluated?
Is the process sustainable?
Could it be replicated?
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy Demography
Socio-economic
Infrastructure
Resource
Govt. programmes and success
Monitoring and evaluating system
Understanding gap
Policy rethinking
Changing organizational practices
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) and
GIS
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy The Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) strategy was developed by
MoESW in 1972 for the rapid socio-economic development of tribal people and was adopted in the Fifth Five Year Plan.
Objective of TSP
Identify the resources for TSP areas
Prepare a broad policy framework for development
Define a suitable administrative strategy for its implementation
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy Locating vulnerable communities (in terms of social,
cultural, economic and/or political traditions and institutions)
Identifying major resources that can be diverted for planning, utilize and manage with a focus on the specific needs of vulnerable communities.
Understanding local practices and sustainability
Capacity development and market products
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy
Sustainable agriculture
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy Issues in Agricultural Sector in Punjab
Extensive paddy-wheat cycle (MSP influenced)
Over exploitation of groundwater
Groundwater lowering
Impacts
(More) deep bore well
More requirements of electricity
Environmentally unsustainable
GIS for Decision Support and
Public Policy Possible actions
Identify grouond water depleted area
Identify alternative (less water intensive) agricultural practices and assess productivity
Promote and support alternative agricultural practices
Providing MSP on those crops
Assist in marketing
Evaluate
Rethinking?
Discussion