MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
Reinventing Wastewater From Wastestream to Resource
MWRD PWO Seminar
May 23, 2012
Jeff Berlin, P.E.
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
3
This seminar is focused on advances in
energy and resource recovery in wastewater Speaker Topic
7:30am-8:00am INTRODUCTIONS
8:00am-8:45am Jeff Berlin, Carollo Reinventing Wastewater: From Wastestream to Resource
8:45am-9:30am Bill Hoyt, Colorado Springs
Utilities Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 1
9:30am-9:45am BREAK
9:45am-10:30am Craig Barnes, MWRD Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 2
10:30am-11:15am John Lindstrom, City of
Pueblo High Efficiency Blowers - Case Study
11:15am-11:45pm Derek Shockley, Xcel Energy Xcel's Rebate Program
11:45am-12:30pm LUNCH
12:30pm-1:15pm Art Umble, MWH Perspectives on a Wastewater as a Resource
1:15pm-2:00pm Beverley Stinson, AECOM Deammonification - Energy Efficient Nitrogen Removal
2:00pm- 2:15pm BREAK
2:15pm-3:00pm Dale Gabel, CH2M Hill Codigestion Case Studies - Enhancing Energy Recovery
from Sludge Treatment
3:15pm-4:00pm Barbara Biggs, MWRD Nutrients Limits in Light of the Paradigm Shift Occurring in
Our Industry
4:00pm-4:15pm CLOSING REMARKS AND CERTIFICATES
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
4
There are five key trends for the future of
wastewater treatment
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
5
A short history of wastewater
treatment…begins with disposal
Photos from www.sewerhistory.org
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
6
What Could change this paradigm? What Could change this paradigm?
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
7
Increasing flows led to construction of
sewers for disposal…
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
9
Early wastewater treatment was focused
on mitigating sanitation problems
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
11
What is the next step in the evolution of
the wastewater industry?
Disposal
Sanitation
Environmental Protection
Resource Recovery
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
12
Significant resources exist in wastewater
1. Chemical energy – BOD/Carbon
2. Nutrients – Nitrogen & Phosphorus
3. Thermal energy – Heat
4. Hydraulic energy – Head
5. Trace elements – Metals
6. And the obvious…Water!
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
13
Municipal wastewater treatment
consumes 4% of the nation’s electricity
EPA, 2010, Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures for WWTFs
100,000,000,000 kWh per year
3,200 kWh per second
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
14
Where does the energy go?
Chlorination,
WERF, 2010, Energy Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment in North America
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
15
UV disinfection adds a large energy cost
WERF, 2010, and Carollo internal database
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
16
How does your plant compare to others?
• Energy Star Benchmarking Tool for Wastewater
– Portfolio Manager software – used by more than
30,000 organizations
– www.energystar.gov/benchmark
• Input energy use and operations characteristics
– Compare performance to other similar facilities
– Rate your plant’s efficiency on a scale of 1 to 100
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
17
Increasing treatment increases energy
demand
WERF, 2010, Energy Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment in North America
Nitrification
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
18
Significant focus of industry research on
reducing energy demand
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
19
So where can we look to reduce energy
demand?
• Aeration - opportunity
for significant savings
– DO setpoints
– Deammonification
– Blower sizing &
technology
– Demand charges &
peak shaving
Chlorination,
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
20
But what about energy production?
• Typical biosolids have a heat value of ~8,000
BTU per dry pound
– About the same as low grade coal
– 1 dry pound 2.3 kWh
• Anaerobic digestion converts some of this
energy to biogas
– Biogas ~600 BTU/CF; Natural gas ~1,000 BTU/CF
– 1 MG WW 10,000 CF biogas 1,760 kWh
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
21
When does cogeneration make sense?
• Industry experience
– Anaerobic digestion becomes cost-
effective at about 10 mgd
– Energy recovery becomes cost-
effective at about 20 mgd
c
f b
iog
as
lb s
olid
s fe
ed
0
3
9
18
15
12
6
Conventional
Dig
estion
Advanced
Dig
estion
Supp
lem
enta
l F
uel
Additio
n
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
23
Carbon and biogas have the potential to
replace higher value products
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
$35.00
$40.00
Natural Gas Electricity Methanol Gasoline Diesel
$/M
illio
n
BT
U
Heating Digesters
Opportunity to Offset
Supplemental Carbon
May be the Future of the Industry
Cogeneration
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
24
Nutrients – valuable enough to pay for!
15 pounds of 7-1-2
4,000 gallons for N
3,600 gallons for P
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
25
Peak Phosphorus?
• 17 million tons/year used in agriculture
• 90% of world’s known reserves in five countries
– US, China, Morocco, Jordan, and South Africa
– Estimated 30 year supply
– 65% of US supply in one mine in Tampa, FL
• Significant price inflation
• Unlike fossil fuels, can be reused
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
26
New nutrient regulations in Colorado
Reg 85
(Existing
Facilities)
Parameter Annual Median
TIN (nitrate + nitrite + ammonia)
15 mg/L
TP 1.0 mg/L
Reg 31
(Long-
term
impacts)
Parameter Rivers Lakes
TN 2.0 mg/L 0.9 mg/L
TP 0.2 mg/L 0.08 mg/L
Reg 85
(New
Facilities)
Parameter Annual Median
TIN (nitrate + nitrite + ammonia)
7 mg/L
TP 0.7 mg/L
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
27
Gravity Thickener
Land Application
When you remove nutrients from
wastewater, where do they go?
• Concentrated dewatering side streams – ~1,000 mg/L as N
– ~150 mg/L as P
100%
85%
15%
20-50%
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
28
For once, we want struvite…
• Magnesium ammonium phosphate
– NH4MgPO4·6H2O
– ~ 5-28-0 fertilizer equivalent
• Benefits
– Recover nutrients
• High % of P
• Moderate amount of N
– Reduce chemical use & aeration
– Energy efficient
– Enhanced process stability
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
29
Wastewater should no longer be
considered a wastestream…but a resource
• Wastewater treatment uses a lot of energy; much
of this energy use can be directly offset
– Improved efficiency
– Increased production
• Nutrient removal demands significant capital and
operating investment
– Aeration is over 50% of WW energy demand
– Nutrient recovery is an emerging direction
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
30
Energy resources
• Consortium for Energy Efficiency
– www.cee1.org
• EPA Energy Efficiency
– http://water.epa.gov
– http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/sustain/energyeffici
ency.cfm
• WERF
– www.werf.org
– http://cheapet.werf.org/home/
MW
RD
PW
O S
em
inar
- B
erlin
.pptx
/
31
This seminar is focused on advances in
energy and resource recovery in wastewater Speaker Topic
7:30am-8:00am INTRODUCTIONS
8:00am-8:45am Jeff Berlin, Carollo Reinventing Wastewater: From Wastestream to Resource
8:45am-9:30am Bill Hoyt, Colorado Springs
Utilities Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 1
9:30am-9:45am BREAK
9:45am-10:30am Craig Barnes, MWRD Ammonia Based Aeration Control - Case Study 2
10:30am-11:15am John Lindstrom, City of
Pueblo High Efficiency Blowers - Case Study
11:15am-11:45pm Derek Shockley, Xcel Energy Xcel's Rebate Program
11:45am-12:30pm LUNCH
12:30pm-1:15pm Art Umble, MWH Perspectives on a Wastewater as a Resource
1:15pm-2:00pm Beverley Stinson, AECOM Deammonification - Energy Efficient Nitrogen Removal
2:00pm- 2:15pm BREAK
2:15pm-3:00pm Dale Gabel, CH2M Hill Codigestion Case Studies - Enhancing Energy Recovery
from Sludge Treatment
3:15pm-4:00pm Barbara Biggs, MWRD Nutrients Limits in Light of the Paradigm Shift Occurring in
Our Industry
4:00pm-4:15pm CLOSING REMARKS AND CERTIFICATES