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Regulatory Perspective
Kimberly N. Tisa
PCB Coordinator U.S. EPA Region 1
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PCBs in Building Materials
Kim Tisa, PCB Coordinator
US EPA Region 1
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CURRENT REGULATIONS
40 CFR Part 761
Section 6(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA) generally bans the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, and use of PCBs after 1978, but provides for exceptions based on an EPA finding of “no unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.”
Most of the exceptions take the form of authorizations, which include conditions, such as location restrictions, repair restrictions, and concentration limits. 1998 Amendments
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Regulatory Considerations
PCB regulations include owners and/or operators of PCB-contaminated property where the PCB contamination exceeds allowable concentrations under the regulations
TSCA authority has not been delegated to any of the states, thus both EPA and state regulations will apply
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Uses of Aroclor by Type
Current Uses (since 1970) 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 1268
Capacitors X X X
Transformers X X
Heat transfer X
Hydraulic/lubricants
Hydraulic fluids X X X X X
Vacuum pumps X X
Gas-transmission turbines X X
Plasticizers
Rubbers X X X X X X
Synthetic resins X X X X
Carbonless paper X X
Miscellaneous
Adhesives X X X X X X
Wax extenders X X
Dedusting agents X
Inks X X
Cutting oils X
Pesticide extenders X
Sealants and caulking compounds
X
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Office of Research & Development National Exposure Research Laboratory
PCB USES – CAULKS & LIGHT BALLASTS
U.S. Production of Aroclors as a plasticizer ingredient (mostly
Aroclor 1254)
1958 - 4 million pounds
1969 - 19 million pounds
1971 - 0 pounds produced in U.S. (imports?)
Fluorescent light ballast capacitors (mostly Aroclor 1242)
Prior to 1977 - Many (most?) ballasts contain PCBs
1977 – 1978 - Some new ballasts contain PCBs
After 1978 - No new ballasts manufactured w/ PCBs
Some ballasts remain in place; some have
leaked/failed
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Issues
The use of PCBs in non-liquid manufactured building
products at >/= 50 ppm is prohibited under TSCA.
Manufactured products containing PCBs have been
found in many buildings and structures
Caulk typically contains PCBs at very high levels - %
The PCBs in the caulk migrate to a limited extent to
surrounding materials (air, soil, masonry).
Typical renovation procedures can increase exposures
to workers and building residents, including children.
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PCBs in Building Materials
Bulk Product Waste (761.62)
examples: caulk, applied dried paints,
varnishes, other similar coatings or sealants,
Galbestos
Performance-based disposal
Disposal in Solid Waste Landfill
Risk-based Disposal Approval
Daily Cover/Roadbed
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Source Removal
PCB Bulk Product Waste
Caulk removal
–Strip out
Paint removal
–Abrasives
–Chemicals
–Hydroblast
**761.62**
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Adjacent Surfaces
PCB Remediation Waste Grind/cut out areas
of contamination beyond “source material”
Encapsulate porous surfaces
Clean non-porous
** 40 CFR 761.61 **
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Management in Place
Not acceptable for PCB bulk product waste (§ 761.62)
May be acceptable for surrounding materials (§ 761.61)
Possible short-term interim measure –Consultation with EPA
–Sampling may be required
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Excluded PCB Products
Must meet all criteria under § 761.3
May be left in place without further restrictions/requirements
State Requirements may require removal
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PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
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Establish DQOs
Analytical program with adequate QA/QC samples is critical
Laboratory Requirements
– Extraction/Analytical Methods
(3510, 3540C, 8082)
– Reporting Limits
DATA QUALITY
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Activities to Date
September 2009 (caulk guidance)
– www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs (fact sheets, Q’s and A’s, and a Schools Information Kit)
Steps to Safe Renovation and Abatement of Buildings that have PCB-Containing Caulk
Developed public health levels for PCBs in indoor air for schools
Conducting research on mitigation and exposures assessment on PCB sources in buildings (ORD)
December 2010 (ballast guidance)
– www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs
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EPA Recommendations
For buildings built between 1950 and 1978
– Minimize exposure (e.g. ventilation, cleaning)
– Take care when renovating
– Take care when abating
If you think you may have a problem
– Test for elevated air levels
– Test for source of air contamination
Evaluate duct systems
Sample deteriorating caulk
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NEW CHANGES
April 2010 ANPRM PCB Uses
Federal Register Notice
Vol. 77, No. 40
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
–Management of Demolition Debris
30 day comment - closed
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Contacts and PCB Info
Kimberly Tisa – USEPA Region 1 PCB Coordinator
617-918-1527
Caulk Hotline: 888-835-5372
www.epa/gov/pcb
www.epa.gov/region1/cleanup/pcbs/index.html