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Regional Seminar on the
PCT and PATENTSCOPE
for African Countries Kigali, Rwanda10-12 December2018
Sandrine Ammann
Marketing & Communications Officer
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Timeline
April 2006: electronic publication of the PCT Gazette
September 2006: new search features
2007-2008: addition of new search features
September 2009: national collections
Since 2009: New tools CLIR, WIPO Translate….
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The reason for its creation
Easily search content
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Patent documents
100+ million patent documents published to date
2+ million new patent applications published yearly
Technical information never published elsewhere
Highly standardized format
A unique source of information
Source: Bregonje, 2005; WIPO, 2012
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Users of patent information
Individual inventors
Academic institutions
Research institutions
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
Industry
Government agencies
Patent attorneys
and many others…
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Uses of patent information
Legal
Technical
Business
Policy
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Uses of patent information
Determine the patentability of your inventions
Draft strong patent applications
Determine the validity of existing patents and which
technologies belong to the public domain
Avoid patent infringement
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Patentability
Novelty
Inventive step, or non-obviousness
Industrial applicability, or utility
Patentable subject matter
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Scenario
A manufacturer of wind
turbines would like to identify
new technologies to
incorporate into its products.
The manufacturer would also
like to know whether these
technologies can be exploited
freely, or whether licenses
must be obtained from patent
holders.
Avoid patent infringement
Photo source: Pavel Ševela / Wikimedia Commons
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PATENTSCOPE
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Record
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Legal status: National phase
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Uses of patent information
Develop new solutions to technical challenges faced in the country, or adapt existing technologies to suit local conditions
Target research resources more effectively (avoid “reinventing the wheel”)
Technical information must be sufficiently clear and comprehensive to be carried out by a typical expert in the field of technology (“a person having ordinary skill in the art”)
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Scenario
A research laboratory
aims to develop new wind
turbine controller
technologies and would
like to know what has
already been done in this
area of research.
Avoid reinventing the
wheel
Photo and image source: Dirk Ingo Franke, johnkonstanta (Wikimedia)
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Record
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Scenario
The manufacturer of wind
turbines would like to identify
its major competitors and
potential partners to develop
new technologies and
products.
Photo source: W.Wacker (Wikimedia)
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Search results
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Filing trends
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Top applicants
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Top offices of filing
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WIPO Translate
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32 Technical domains from the IPC
[ADMN] Admin, Business, Management & Soc Sci
[AERO] Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering
[AGRI] Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry
[AUDV] Audio, Audiovisual, Image & Video Tech
[AUTO] Automotive & Road Vehicle Engineering
[BLDG] Civil Engineering & Building Construction
[CHEM] Chemical & Materials Technology
[DATA] Computer Sci, Telecom & Broadcasting
[ELEC] Electrical Engineering & Electronics
[ENGY] Energy, Fuels & Heat Transfer Eng
[ENVR] Environmental & Safety Engineering
[FOOD] Foods & Food Technology
[GENR] Generalities, Language, Media & Info Sci
[HOME]Home Contents & Household Maintenance
[HORO]Precision Mechanics, Jewelry & Horology
[MANU] Manufacturing & Materials Handling Tech
[MARI] Marine Engineering
[MEAS] Standards, Units, Metrology & Testing
[MECH] Mechanical Engineering
[MEDI] Medical Technology
[METL] Metallurgy
[MILI] Military Technology
[MINE] Mining, Oil & Gas Extraction & Minerals
[NANO] Nano Technology
[PACK] Packaging & Distribution of Goods
[PRNT] Printing & Paper
[RAIL] Railway Engineering
[SCIE] Optical Engineering
[SPRT] Sports, Leisure, Tourism & Hospitality
[TEXT] Textile & Clothing Industries
[TRAN] Transportation
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Language pairs
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WIPO Pearl
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WIPO Pearl
WIPO’s online terminology database
17’000 concepts, 160’000 terms
10 languages
Contents validated by WIPO language experts and
terminologists
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Example: bicycle fork
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Weekly PCT publication
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IPC Statistics
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Gazette Archive
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National Phase Entries
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Sequence Listing
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IPC Green Inventory
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Portal to patent registers
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Searches
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The concept
Recognize the names of chemical compounds in patent
texts and their structures from embedded drawings
included in patent texts
Standardize all the different representations of chemical
structures into InchIkeys
Implement search functions using InchIkeys that can be
used by non chemists
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InchIkeys
Definition: a short, fixed-length character signature
based on a hash code of the InChI string.
InChIkeys provide a precise, robust, IUPAC*
approved structure-derived tag for a chemical
substance.
*International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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Example: InchI – InchIKey for aspirin
InChIKey = a fixed-length (27-character) condensed digital
representation of an InChI
InChI = is a textual identifier developed to make it easy to
perform web searches for chemical structures
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Scope
Works on developed exact formulas ≠ Markush
structures (-R) that are chemical symbols used to
indicate a collection of chemicals with similar structures.
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Limitations
Long automated procedures, no supervision
Will not recognize 100%! Same drawbacks as the OCR
Depends on OCR quality for PCT applications
Does not work with simple formulas such H2O
Not all collections and related languages
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Why is it useful?
Common names such as “aspirin”, “paracetamol” might
not be used in patent documents
There are many ways of representing formulas
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How does it work?
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3 options
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Scaffold
Basic skeleton of a molecule to which further groups and
moieties are attached
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Upload a structure
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Example
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Structure editor
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Example
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Convert a structure
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Convert structure: ex.: paracetamol
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Its chemical formula is C7H8N4O2 and IUPAC name:
3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
Theobromine is found in the seeds of the plant
Theobroma Cacao, which is the well-known source of
chocolate and cocoa. It has a bitter flavor, which gives
dark chocolate its typical bitter taste.
Search example: Theobromine
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Add search criteria
PCT applications
Chocolate in English abstract
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Example: Viagra
Chemical names: Sildenafil; 139755-83-2; Revatio;
VIAGRA; Sildenafil [INN:BAN]; CHEMBL192
Molecular formula: C22H30N6O4S
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Chemical compound search
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Advanced search
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Example formula searching
4-(3-chloro-2-fluoroanilino)-7-methoxy-6-((1-(N-
methylcarbamoylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)quinazoline
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Example: Ritonavir
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Patent landscape Report on Ritonavir-
October 2011 http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/patents/946/wipo_pub_946.pdf
Ritonavir is an antiretroviral drug from the protease
inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS.
Ritonavir is included in the WHO Model List of Essential
Medicines (EML)1.
The originator company is Abbott Laboratories, which
markets Ritonavir under the brand name Norvir, or in
combination with the protease inhibitor Lopinavir, as
Kaletra or Aluvia. The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) approved the drug in March 1996
for oral solution and in June 1999 for capsules.
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Can I search?
Stereoisomer
Monomer
Enantiomer
CAS name
Polymer, Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Inorganic cluster
Metal-organic framework
Transformable into InchI reactions
CAS number
DNA sequence listing
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Restrict to the claims field
CHEM:( Inchikey BEFORE10000 description)
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Searches
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CLIR
Cross-Lingual
Information Retrieval
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What is it?
1. Finds synonyms:
container receptacles/ reservoir/tank
2. Translates into 13 languages
container集装箱
容器
盒
envase
contenedor
tanque
emballage
conteneurs
contenants
recipienti
serbatoio
riserva
コンテナ
タンク
貯槽
toevoertank
watervat
opslagtank
Fartøj
Påfyldningsindretning
Verpackung
Transportbehälter
Behältnisses
contentor
receptáculo
embalagem
Контейнера
Емкости
резервуара
behaallare
viravattenbehållare
pappersmaskins
용기
기
탱크
Zbiorników
Pojemnika
kontenerowego
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Q:1 How many of you are already familiar with
CLIR?
yesA
B no
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CLIR – 14 languages available
NON-ASIAN
Danish
Dutch
English
French
German
Italian
Polish
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Swedish
ASIAN
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
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Historical background
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How to use it? Interface
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Query language
Define the language of the query:
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LanguagesChinese
Danish
Dutch
English
French
German
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Polish
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Swedish
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Expansion mode
2 modes:
Automatic = 1 step
Supervised = 4 steps
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CLIR: precision vs recall
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Example: precision
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Results for «precision»
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Example: recall
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Results for «recall»
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Example
Source:https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/igreenpod/biodegradable-coffee-pod-from-portland-oregon
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Automatic mode
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Result list
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Supervised mode
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Step 1: technical field selection
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Step 2: synonym selection
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Step 3: translated term selection
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Relevance checking
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Fields
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Acceptable distance
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Stemming
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Stemming
Use of the root form of a word
displayed
Display displaying
displays
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IPC checking
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Query combination
solar oven + publication date
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Why is CLIR useful?
A) Search full text collections simultaneously in many foreign
languages
B) Improve significantly the number of relevant results without
increasing significantly the number of irrelevant results
C) Have confidence in your searches:
No black box: users have access to the CLIR generated Boolean
queries (albeit complex) and have the full control on them
D) Have a responsive system even for complex queries
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Q:3 which expansion mode was used to obtain this
result list?
AutomaticA
B Supervised
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Q:3: which expansion mode was used to obtain
this result list?
Automatic
Supervised
A
C
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Q:2: which languages are supported by CLIR?
Chinese
Korean
Swedish
French
A
B
C
D
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Q:2: which languages are supported by CLIR?
Chinese
Spain
Swedish
Korean
A
B
C
D French
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How to make the most of out CLIR?
Expansion modes:
1meaning keyword = AUTOMATIC
All other queries = SUPERVISED
Variants/synonyms
words to be included in search results
too many results delete generic variants
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How to make the most of out CLIR?
Parameters:
1. Title and abstract: unconstrained distance
2. Claims: sentence/paragraph distance
3. Description: sentence/paragraph distance
Stemming recommended
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How was it developed?
Compilation of long lists of titles in language pairs
Creation of in-house extraction methodology
Tool learns statistical bilingual dictionaries of titles
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Quality of dictionaries
Chinese Korean Dutch
English Portuguese Italian
French Russian Swedish
German Spanish Polish
Japanese Danish
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Disambiguation
Process of identifying the sense of a word in a
sentence. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disambiguation_%28disambiguation%29
Applied to keywords:
technical domains
variants
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Coverage: what is included?
PCT published applications
National/regional patent collections
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Options - results
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Options - results
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Options - results
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Options - results
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Options - results
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Options - interface
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Options: office - translate
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Future/past webinarswipo.int/patentscope/en/webinar
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Searches
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Simple seach
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8 predefined fields
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Searches
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Exercice
Enter the following keywords + date in appropriate fields:
phone
Apple
2008
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Exercice
How to retrive more resuls for the same keywords?
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Licensing availability
Launched in 2012
PCT feature whereby applicants interested in licensing
the inventions contained in their international
applications can request the International Bureau (IB) to
make this information available on its PATENTSCOPE
website.
Promotion of licensing, including the introduction of a
register that encourages applicants to signal their
willingness to license their patents
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Excercie
Licensing availability information
UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA
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Question
Where do we find the licensing availability information?
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Field Combination - pros
Predefined fields
Immediate results on the same page
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Field combination - cons
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Interface: Advanced search
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Searches
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Interface: Advanced search
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How to build your queries
EN_ALLTXT; PA; DP = fields
AND = operator
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Fields: where to search
Source: http://spicewallpaper.blogspot.ch/2012/08/green-fields-with-blue-sky.html
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Examples
FP = front page
ALL = all fields
ALL_NAMES = all names
IC = IPC
DP = publication date
CTR = country either WO or country from nat collection
NPCC= national phase entry
AN = origin of PCT
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Date search
Simple:
DP:01.02.2000
DP:20000201
DP:02.2000
DP:200002
DP:2000
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Example: IPC
IC = International Classification
IC :A
IC :A47
IC :A47L
IC :A47L1
IC:A47L11
IC:A47L11/03
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D06F 1/06 will include by default
D06F 1/08
1/10
1/16
To exclude subgroup: IC_EX
ICI = International Classification Inventive
ICN = International Classification Non-inventive
ICI_EX ICN_EX = no subgroup
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Example: grant
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PCT related FieldsISA
ST.3 Office code of the patent authority that performed the preliminary search report
ISA:US and OF:WO
ISR
For an ISR document in status filed (ISR): Report ; if there is an Article 17(2)(a) declaration in
status filed (A172A): Declaration
ISR:declaration and OF:WO
SIS
If any Supplementary International Search Report has been received, show status “report”;If no
SIS Reports or Declarations are on file, show status “None” SIS:report and OF:WO
IPE
If there is an IPER in status filed (IPER or IPRP2) and the time limit for making the report visible
i PATENTSCOPE has passed: Report
IPE:report and OF:WO
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Fields rules
Basic fields: elements of a patent document
Derived fields
2 letter code = individual field
EN_TI FR_AB ES_DE_S
Convention: language specified by 2 letters
if not specified all languages
S = stemmed
: to separate term without any space
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Intuitive queries
PCTHavingThirdPartyObservations
PCTPublishedLastWeek
PCTHavingApplicantFromUS
DP:Last1Year
DP:[Today-1Week TO Today]
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Fields: golden rules
EN_ALL = default field field indicator not required
Field name followed by : ":" or "/"
The field is only valid for the term that it directly
precedes, so the query:
EN_TI:("wind turbine" AND electric) solar
"wind turbine" AND electric in the title field
"solar" in the default field (EN_ALL ).
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Grouping- nesting
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Grouping/nesting
Solar OR (wind AND turbine)
(solar OR wind) AND turbine
EN_TI: electric car
electric will be searched in English title but car in all fields
EN_TI: (electric car)
Both electric and car will be searched in the English title
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Range search
Range:
DP:[01.01.2000 TO 01.01.2001]
Can also be used to search non-date fields
IN: {Smith to Terence}
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How to build your queries
EN_ALLTXT; PA; DP = fields
AND = operator
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Boolean operators
AND
OR
NOT
ANDNOT
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ANDNOT - NOT
Use ANDNOT when searching A excluding B
Ex: bicycle ANDNOT boat
Use NOT when searching all documents except A
Ex:NOT(car AND bicycle AND boat)
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Proximity operator NEAR
Finds words that are next to each other
NEAR3 3 = the max nb of word gaps between 2
search terms
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Example
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Proximity search: BEFORE
the order of terms is significant.
keywordA BEFORE keywordB
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An example
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Keywords
Stemming
Wildcard
Truncation
Fuzzy
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Stemming
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Stemming
Stem = stemming
Process that removes common endings from words.
critical
critically
criticism each word is reduced to ‘critic’
criticisms
critics
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Stemming
no dictionary includes the necessary technical terms to
express patent concepts
Porter Stemming Algorithm finds words that contain
common roots
Save time and effort
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Wildcards/truncation : ? *
* stands for 0 or more characters
? stands single character
te?t = test or text
electric* = electrical; electricity
behavi*r = behaviour or behavior
micro?p* = microspeaker, microsporidial
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An example
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Use of wildcards
Spelling uncertainty (plural, tenses, foreign words):
tyre vs. tire t*re
University vs Universität Universit* Stuttgart
Multiple spelling variants are known:
color vs. colour col*
Preferred option over stemming:
electric vs. electricity electri*
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Wildcard vs stemming
Logic results:
navy, navies or naval if nav* = navigating, navigation,
electricity or electric if elect* = electoral
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Fuzzy searches
Use of the tilde: ~
Examples:
roam~ foam / roams
Roam~0.8
Useful to find misstpyed, misspelt or mis-OCRed words
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Q: when you use wildcard, …
A
B
The results retrieved are all relevant
Stemming is turned off
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Q: when you use wildcards, …
The results retrieved are all relevantA
B Stemming is turned off
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^ caret = weighting factor
Same result but ranking will be different
touch^3 AND polarize
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Advanced search interface
Search syntax
Search fields
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Tooltip help
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Help
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Instant help
Validates search query
Suggests terms
Provides list of:
IPC codes
countries
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Question mark help
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Result combination
Combine search with chemical structure search
Combine search with CLIR
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Queries with compounds
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Combining with CLIR
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Most common errors
(….) "…"
" not “Field name
No space
Wildcard at the beginning of a word
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IPCCAT
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IPCCAT