Reformation

Roman Catholic Church

• By the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church dominated life in Europe

Church Weakens

• 1500’s the church had weekend due to wide spread criticism.

• What enabled the people to question the authority of the church?

• Printing press spread secularIdeas• Effects on education? • Effects on society?

• Merchants refused to pay taxes to Rome

• Corrupt and poorly educated church officials

Calls for Reform

• Reformers believed that the Pope did not have the right to worldly power

• Believed that the Bible had more authority than church leaders

• Is this foreshadowing future events? (power of documents)

Martin Luther

Taking a Stand

• Johann Tetzel - a friar raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.

• Indulgence – a pardon from sins.

The 95 Theses

• 95 formal statements attacking the “pardon – merchants”

• Wittenberg Castle = Reformation• Led to the founding of a Christian

church that did not accept the Pope’s authority

Spread Across Europe

Pope’s Threat

• Luther, “Force out the Pope!”• Excommunication – Being kicked out

of the church forever• Luther ignored it and so he was

excommunicated by Pope Leo X

Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

• Emperor Charles V - tried Luther• Edict of Worms – Give Luther

nothing!!

People’s Response

• People accepted Luther’s ideas• Followers known as Lutheran’s

30 Years War

• German Princes protest against Rome = term protestant

• Rome defeats them• Peace of Augsburg – Every German

state can choose its own religion• What social path is Europe now

destined for?

King Henry VIII

• Wanted a son• Annulment –set aside the marriage• Act of Supremacy – King isthe supreme power in England • Church of England was now in power

Queen Elizabeth I• Anglican Church - National church of

England• Priests could marry and have a family• If one did not attend a fine was assessed • Is this any different than the rule of the Catholic Church?

John Calvin • Predestination – God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved • Theocracy – a government controlled by religious leaders.• Geneva, Switzerland

Huguenots

• French Calvinist• Hunted down by Catholics and Murdered

Anabaptists

• Choose to be Baptized• Separation of Church and State• Refused to fight in wars and were

persecuted by other Protestants and Catholics

• Influenced the Amish and Quakers

Catholic Reformation • Ignatius of Loyal- laid out a day-by-day plan of worship• Jesuits - Society of Jesus

Jesuits

• Founding schools• Convert non-Christians

• Stop Protestantism

Pope Reformation

• Investigate indulgence• Approved the Jesuit order• Inquisition• Index of forbidden Books• THE INQUISITION!!!!

Council of Trent

• Churches interpretation of the Bible was final

• Christians need faith and good works for salvation

• The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities

• Indulgences were valid expressions of faith but the false selling of indulgences was banned

• Is this real change?

Legacy of the Reformation

• Religion no longer united Europe• Individual monarchs and states

gained power• Paved the way for modern nations• Laid the groundwork for a rejection

of Christian belief • Helped stage the modern world

Did the Reformation shape the Modern World?