• Rectification on YZ plane
Rectification on XZ plane
• Rectification on XY plane
Detail of the rectified image on XY plane
ONE (OR TWO) VANISHING POINTS GEOMETRYONE (OR TWO) VANISHING POINTS GEOMETRY
The original image (Volubilis, Morok)
RECTIFICATION
Observation of two families of parallel lines
RECTIFIED IMAGE
The deformation on the upper line are due to lack of
planarity of the mosaic
CORRECT SCALING
• The Vanishing Point GeometryVanishing Point Geometry is a powerful tool.
+• With oneone Vanishing Point Vanishing Point only: the image can be rectified: the ratio base/height is not correct• With twotwo Vanishing Points Vanishing Points (one horizontal, one vertical): the image can be rectified: the ratio base/height is not correct• With threethree Vanishing Points Vanishing Points: the image can be rectified, the ratio base/height is correct, the orientation can be assessed, both for the original and the rectified image, apart from one unknown scale factor
-• Camera axis must be very inclined• Only WA are suitable
PhotoModelerPhotoModelerby Eos Systems - Canada
• A project:
• The inverse camera :
from the pictures to the recostruction
of the 3-D model
Determination camera parameters
Low-cost software 1000 $
8)
Selection measure unity
Options
Project:
Type of camera
List
resolution of the images
camera parameters
Image Selection in the project
Punti omologhi collimati in numero minimo
Options of the computation
Modello Wireframe
final model with texture
The inverse camera :
Unknown camera parameters
Processo vincolato
constraints to set
Format .cam
Tests
Sintetic image
= -20°
= 40°
Zc= 3.25
'
'
'
'
A
D
D
A
B
C
C
B
10955.0000.0
10757.0302.1
10239.0022.1
10000.0000.0
10279.0589.0
10116.0195.1
10181.1856.0
10776.0439.0
1010
1011
1001
1000
1110
1111
1101
1100
1000
273.00188.0423.0
064.00978.00
127.00088.0906.0
T
given
Dalla deviazione standard (SQM) si è dedotto che nelle collimazioni si ha un’incertezza di 0,6 pixel per unità di misura.
PhotoM
odeerP
hotoModeer
Dalla deviazione standard (SQM) si è dedotto che nelle collimazioni si ha un’incertezza di 0,5 pixel per unità di misura.
PP
FF
33
Cubo 100_30_f28
Results: Φ 29.935 deg Expected: 30 deg
θ 9.953 deg 10 deg
Κ -0.010 deg 0 deg
f 27.957 mm 28 mm
ppx 400.546 pxl 400 pxl
ppy 299.985 pxl 300 pxl
Cubo 60_15_f35
Results: Φ 15.453 deg Expected: 15 deg
θ -30.038 deg -30 deg
Κ -0.245 deg 0 deg
f 35.001 mm 35 mm
ppx 394.151 pxl 400 pxl
ppy 297.443 pxl 300 pxl
PP
FF
33
Ancona – Traiano’s arch – Model formation by Photomodeler
Ancona – Traiano’s arch – The residuals of the Model formation
Ancona – Traiano’s arch – the camera stations
A practical example of 3D- A practical example of 3D- reconstructionreconstruction
The Ho Chi Minh’s house in The Ho Chi Minh’s house in
HanoiHanoi
Fro
ntF
ront
Lef
t sid
eL
eft s
ide
Rig
ht s
ide
Rig
ht s
ide
Bac
k si
eB
ack
sie
inverse Camera
Interior camera Parameters stored formato .cam
Some phases of the observation and referencing process
Points in 3D space Height of the parapet =
1 Module
PF3 measurementsPF3 measurements
PhotoModeler
Exterior
P F 3
Interior
Model Recostruction in AutoCad
PhotoModeler: utilized by non-specialised operators very powerfulVery good interface Many options
3D modeling VRML exportRectificationNon-metric imagesControl informationsNo need to supply approximate value
Only one control information is missing: the camera station coordinates
• ARPENTEURARPENTEUR
by Pierre Drap – Pierre Grussenmeyerby Pierre Drap – Pierre Grussenmeyer
• (ARchitectural PhotogrammEtry Network Tool for EdUcation and Research).
• Designed in 1998 by two research teams (GAMSAU-CNRS and ENSAIS-LERGEC)
• Mainly for Education
9)
• The running from the net• Thus it can be easily and freely used
– from anywhere, by anybody all over the world and – with whatever operating system.
• www.arpenteur.net.
• Dedicated to architectural photogrammetry and close range terrestrial photogrammetry, but aerial images (limited to a few Mb) can be also handled.
• Photos from a wide range of calibrated cameras – metric – non-metric camera, – digital amateur camera
• ARPENTEUR permits a better knowledge of basic photogrammetric techniques
• stereoplotting, • image correlation, • architectural photogrammetry • architectural modelling
• Output results can then be viewed as text-file, DGN, DXF, VRML file for a further processing with Internet or CAD systems (e.g.: MicroStation, AutoCad).
• There are today on the market many good products for any purpose and for any pocket
• The quality of a system is based not only in the accuracy but anso in the efficiency
• Photointerpretation
• Orthophoto
Conclusions:
Acknowledgements
Thanks to my students who helped me, part of this material is their graduation thesis:
• Matteo Cinti, Marco Battistelli• Paolo Clini• Gianluca Gagliardini• Stefano Benassi• Paolo Margione• Loretta Alessandroni• Ivan Catini• Floriano Capponi• Ingrid Luciani