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Recommendation to Cease NASA Crew Return Vehicle Development
April 29, 2004
Amanda KellyBlake Hajovsky Anthony Pittman
Engineering Technical Communications Presentation
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Overview
• Motivation for a CRV• Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape• Past and Present NASA CRV Development• Underlying Ethics• Recommendation • Summary
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Motivation for a CRV
• Station Mishaps:– Fire– Computer Malfunctions– Life Support Systems Failures– Spacecraft Collisions
• Space Debris Collisions• Medical Emergencies
To provide a means for escape for 7 crew members in the event of:
Photograph Courtesy of NASA
Blake
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
• Fire– Location and magnitude
• Computer Malfunctions– Loss of gyroscopes
• Life Support Systems Failures– Oxygen generator failure
• Spacecraft Collisions– Progress supply vehicle collision
Feasibility Studies for Crew EscapeStation Mishaps
Blake
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Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape Space Debris Collisions
• Impact on External Pressurized Tanks:– Immediate detonation of the
gas within the tank– Tank thrust
– Tank rupture
• Direct impact of station module:– Depressurizing leak– Risk hypoxia
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Photograph Courtesy of NASA
Blake
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Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape Medical Emergencies
• In space:– Heart conditions
– Other life-threatening conditions
• Problems in Antarctica– Detection of cancer– Pancreatitis
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Blake
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Past NASA CRV ProgramsX-38 Vehicle Concept
• Organization:– Developed by NASA and Dryden in
1995• X-38 Vehicle Concept:
– Based on existing technologies– Carried to orbit by Shuttle– Lifting Body
• NASA Investment:– 7 years of engineering work– Over 1 Billion Dollars
• Program Progress:– Final Stages of Development
Photograph courtesy of NASA
Amanda
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Past NASA CRV ProgramsModified Vision for CRV
• Vehicle design specifications to meet multi-purpose objectives– Independent of Shuttle– Crew rescue and crew transfer capabilities– Increased launch probability– Increased on-orbit maneuverability– Limited cargo-carrying capability
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary Amanda
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Past NASA CRV ProgramsOrbital Space Plane (OSP) Vehicle Concept
• Organization:– Industry Contract Competition
began in 2003• OSP Vehicle Concept:
– Undecided • Capsule• Lifting body• Winged body
• NASA Investment:– 1 year of engineering work– Over 1 Billion Dollars
• Program Progress:– Preliminary Design
Photograph Courtesy of Boeing
Photograph Courtesy of Boeing
Photograph Courtesy of Boeing
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary Amanda
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Present CRV DevelopmentCrew Exploration Vehicle
• Vehicle design specifications– Explore beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Moon and Mars– Transporting crew to ISS after Shuttle is retired
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary Amanda
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Ethics for a Rescue Vehicle
• Safety requirements Today– Transportation
– Military Mission
• Crew sense of safety
• Influence of Public Opinion
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary Anthony
Photo courtesy of eFluids
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Ethics for a Rescue VehicleSuccessful Rescues Factors
• Importance for recovery– Crew– Spacecrafts
• Success depends on:– Extent of Emergency– Time to Implement– Working Environment
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary Anthony
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Ethics for a Rescue VehicleReality of Space Rescue
• Crew Understands Danger• Percentage of Success
– Harsh Space Environment – Types of emergencies
• Cost vs. Benefit
CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Anthony
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
Recommendation
• Cease NASA CRV Development– Escape in most situations is not always
feasible or necessary– Over 2 billion dollars invested into canceled
programs– New NASA focus on Mars and Moon– Crew understands inherent risks– Soyuz vehicle can be used as CRV
Anthony
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CRV Motivation Feasibility Studies NASA CRV Development Ethics Recommendation Summary
• Motivation for a CRV• Feasibility Studies for Crew Escape• Past and Present NASA CRV Development• Underlying Ethics• Recommendation • Summary
Summary
Blake