Download - Recent Administrative Reform of South Korea
Recent Administrative Reform of South Korea- Focused on transparent government strategy
2014. 6. 10-12 / Indonesia
Dr. Joon-Young Hur
Associate Researcher / KIPA
OECD Conference
* This draft is based on official documents regardingGov. 3.0 by Min. of Security and Public Administration
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Transparent Gov. strategy
Introduction
Gov. 3.0 as a new administrative reform
Performance and Evaluation
Contents
Concluding Remark
Background of recent Administrative Reform
Introduction-I
Bright & Dark side of Development
: Changed status of Korea: From one of the poorest countries to the world leader in
ICT
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: Korean feel unhappy regardless of the achievement they earned
- GDP per capita (1962: $104 2013: $24,000)
- Export (1962: $60mil 2013: $560bil)
- 82% of home has PC and broadband Internet (2012)
- 3 out of 4 mobile phone users use smart phones (2013)
- Working Hours 1st
- Suicide rate 1st
- Birth rate 34th among 34 OECD member nations
Strength & Potential
Introduction-2
ICT Infrastructure & Capacity
- Minwon24(E-Service portal)
: Issuance: 125 million documents(2013)
Online issue covers 50% of all the
documents issued for citizens(2013)
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Experience of e-government service through ICT
- Transformation of major enterprises from home appliance company to the ICT company
(Samsung, LG, etc.)
- Naver, the leading internet company of Korea has stock market values of 6th (higher than
those of KIA and LG)
- Rapid growth of e-commerce and mobile market
* Online shopping: $22 billion (2008) $46 billion (2012)
* Mobile shopping: $2 million(2008) $1.6 billion (2012)
- Home Tax Service
91 million visits per year
Electronic issuance: 75%
Cost saving: $837 million annually
Rationale for new public administrative reform: Advance beyond E-Government
Introduction-3
E-Government has not changed the way government works much
- Information utilization rate is lower in spite of advanced E-Government services and
infrastructure
- Innovative programs through ICT should contribute to change government culture
and the way official working
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More customized services for meeting citizens’ needs
- Failing to integrate online services of each agency due to the lack of information
sharing in government
- Providing one-stop, customized service for each people for promoting the well-
being of Korean
Gov. 3.0
Gov 3.0-I
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Definition
- Gov. 3.0 is a new paradigm for government operation to promote active sharing of
public information and removal of barriers existing among government ministries for
better collaboration. The ultimate goal is to provide customized services for individual
citizens, to generate more jobs and to support creative economy
Characters
- Citizen centered government innovation
- Apply & diffuse core values to all areas of governing (open, share, communicate,
collaborate)
- Provide customized services to citizens
- Create jobs and support creative economy
Gov. 3.0 – paradigm shift
Gov 3.0-2
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- Gov. 3.0 aims at overcoming the limits of Gov.2.0
- It attempts to pursue the happiness of individual citizens by providing customized service
based ob such key values as openness, sharing, communication and collaboration
Gov. 3.0 – Vision & Strategy
Gov 3.0-3
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- The Korean Government intends to realize a transparent, competent and service-oriented
government with various strategies and values
- The ultimate goal of Gov. 3.0 is to provide citizens with customized services thereby
bringing them more happiness
Gov. 3.0 – Strategy & Major Tasks
Gov 3.0-4
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- Government 3.0 has three strategic areas – transparent government, competent
government and service-oriented government – and is pursuing 10 tasks under such
strategies
Gov. 3.0 – Strategy & Major Tasks
Gov 3.0-5
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- Under the Cabinet Council are the National Policy Coordination Council, and the Public
Data Strategy Committee
- The Min. of Security & Public Administration is in charge of the overall management
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Trans. Gov.-1
Overview of Transparent Gov.
Before After
• Limited access to public information by citizens
• Insufficient use of public databy private sector
• Lack of opportunities for citizens to participate in public affairs
• Increased transparency and reliability by the expansion of information disclosure
• Job creation using public data
• Vitalized governance between the government and citizens
- The Korean Government intends to realize a transparent government that discloses public
information and data to citizens, thereby allowing high quality information to be used to
establish startups and create added values
- “Open public Information and Data” tasks would enhance citizen’s economic activity
and social engagement with those data
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Trans. Gov.-2
Task 1 – Advanced Disclosure of Public Information
Action II: Establishing the Original Text Disclosure System
Goal: Empowering People’s Right to Know through Information Disclosure
Action I: Expanding Advanced Customized Information Disclosure
Criteria of Disclosure
- Information closely related to citizens' lives
* Food and hygiene, security, family and welfare, local price
- Information on large-scale projects
* Public projects, Contract information
- Information for administrative supervision, such as budget execution and project
assessment results
* Local finance, Government supervision
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Trans. Gov.-4
Task 2 – Business support & job creation by opening public DB
Action II: Creating collaborative systems for public data disclosure
Goal: Enhancing Improving the Accessibility of Information
Action I: Disclosing highly sought-after public data
Preferred public Data
- Culture: copy right Information, art knowledge directories, overseas travel safety information, etc.
- Environment: Nationwide air quality information, information on the integrated management of
green products, etc
- Food: Livestock rating, history & distribution information, food & drug toxicity information, etc
- Safety: Emergency response information, safety information on children’s play facilities, elevator
safety management information, etc
- Homeland: Aerial photographs & satellite images, 3D spatial information, etc
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Trans. Gov.-6
Task 3 – A government that works with its citizens
Action II: vitalizing online policy debates
Goal: Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships & Collaborations
Action I: Multiple channels for citizens’ involvement & communication
- Citizens can suggest ideas or complaints anytime and anywhere through various channels, such
as telephone, text messages, SNS, and the people’s online portal
- Large scale of national projects and major government tasks are brought to online discussions
on the people’s online portal so that citizens can suggest ideas
- Policy discussion in the portal offers e-hearing, policy forum and survey function
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Performance-1
Performance
Planning Process
- Institution building: active legislative & organizational input
Ex) Official Information Disclosure Act reform, Construction of a system based, Act on Promotion of
the Provision and Use of Public Data Legislation, Enforcement to be provided online policy
discussion management proposal
Implementation Process
- Enlargement of public service delivery: The Vision Declaration Ceremony (`13.6.19), the
emphasis on Enforcement of Law
Ex) Proactively increasing information disclosure & Public Data disclosure after the Vision Declaration
Ceremony, Promotion of improved regulations
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Performance-2
Performance
Implementation Process
- Various success cases
* Vehicle History Reporting Service
* Data Management System for National standard food composition
Feedback Process
- Investigation on individual agency’s plan for expanding proactive information
disclosure, inspecting all cases on holding public DB and disclosure plan
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Evaluation-1
Evaluation
Planning Process
- Lack of understanding of the individual agencies and their weak supporting systems,
- Existence of laws(e.g. Weather Industry Promotion Act, Statistics Act, etc.) hindering
active disclosure and utilization
- lower public participation at policy making process
Implementation Process
- Information disclosure from providers’ view point(lack of information closely related
to citizens’ lives), Selected, passive, & post disclosure as well as disclosure on
request practice
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Evaluation-2
Evaluation
Implementation Process
- One-way of data disclosure(providers-oriented practice relating to paid public data)
- Lack of opportunities for citizens to participate in policy affairs(lack of incentive for
policy, PR, & marketing)
Feedback Process
- Lack of active engagement of the individual organizations(low level of goal, great
variations in the individual -agencies, lack of the evaluation system for activating
information disclosure
- Lack of Performance-based evaluation system for Public data disclosure, lack of
systematic support infrastructure considering performance evaluation
- Lack of policy evaluation system by citizens, Un-Institutionalization of incentives for
participating citizens
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Conclusion-1
Conclusion
Outstanding performance in a short period of time but still way to go!
Planning Process
- Establishing of running year-round operation system for continual expanding -
proactive information disclosure, Provision of support system for activating - proactive
information disclosure
- Improvement of laws and regulations restricting data disclosure as well as data use
through collaboration among related ministries, Expanding recipient users and use
range
- Upgrading level of participation, Establishing a law for strengthening public-private
partnerships and collaborations ( ex. Act on Promotion of public participation)
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Conclusion-2
Conclusion
Implementation Process
- Information disclosure to meet citizen’s needs, principles of pre-emptive, active,
and original text disclosure
- Disclosing highly sought-after public data(expanding of disclosure, Standardizing of
DB as well as platform for private use), Improving practice shifting of public data cost
to private data users
- Establishment of online public-private collaboration arena(activating online policy
debate), Expansion of public-private partnership area(Cloud funding for policy
actualization, citizen preliminary completion inspection commission), Diversifying
public-private communication channels
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Conclusion-3
Conclusion
Feedback Process
- Establishment of the assessment criteria relevant to - information disclosure, constant
monitoring and evaluation for the performance of information disclosure, Establishing
an incentive system after settlement of performance assessment criteria
- Establishment of the performance assessment and incentive system for expanding
public data disclosure, Provision of supporting system relating performance
assessment to individual organization
- Establishment of citizen policy evaluation, Institutionalization of reflecting citizens’
evaluation and feedback in policy process(-ex. Citizen monitoring, Citizen evaluation
system)